• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1979.05a
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• pp.6.2-6
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• 1979

Foreing bodies of the esophagus and tracheobronchus are likely to occur whenever a child places an inedible object in the mouth and are common in the older age group particularily in edentulous individuals or preexisting disease. Our department had already reported the statistical survey at first in 1954, successively in 1962, 1963 and 1968, respectively according to the age, sex, variety of foreign bodies, location and duration of the lodgement. Now, we have experienced the new 186 cases during the consecutive 5 year period from January 1973 to December 1977 and reported as a 5th report comparing with previous report. The results were as follows. 1. In the incidence of foreign bodies, coins were the most common and pointed metal, disc, bony fragment were followed in order in the esophagus while the peanut and corn were common in the air passage. 2) 79 cases (56.4%) were males and 61 cases (43.6%) were females in the esophagus, which was not a significant difference to note. But in the air passage, males accounted for 33 cases (71.7%) compared to 13 cases (28.3%) of females. 3) In the aspect of age incidence, child 10 years or under accounted for almost all cases in the esophagus as well as in the air passage. 4) In the location of foreign bodies in the esophagus, the first narrowing was the most common, while in the air passage right bronchus had a high incidence but the difference of incidence between right bronchus and left bronchus was not remarkable. 5) The duration of lodgement was 24 hours or less in more than half of the all cases. 6) In the aspect of kind of coin, 10 won coins accounted for majority of the cases (67.0%) but the incidence of 100 won coins were tend to increase gradually in these years.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.388-395
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• 2016

This paper explores the photocatalytic sensitivity of cement mortar incorporated with recycled $TiO_2$ from waste water sludge. Basically, $TiO_2$ cluster sank down slowly to the bottom of cement mortar specimen before setting and hardening process. This leads the mismatch of $TiO_2$ concentration on the top and the bottom faces of a specimen. This poorly dispersed $TiO_2$-cement mortar naturally exhibits poor NOx removal efficiency especially on the top of cementitious structure. In architectural engineering application such as building or housing structures, one can simply filp over from the bottom so that more $TiO_2$ concentrated surface can be placed outward into the air. However, in highway pavement case, this could not be applicable due to in-situ installation of concrete pavement. Hence, the dispersion of $TiO_2$ cluster inside the cementitous material is getting important issue onto road construction application. To elaborate this issue, according to our results, silica fume, high-ranged water reducer, viscosity agent, blast furnace slag were not enhanced much of dispersion characteristics of $TiO_2$ cluster. The combination of foaming agent and accelerator of hardening with viscosity agent and small grain size of fine aggregate may help the dispersion of $TiO_2$ inside cementitious materials. Even though the enhanced dispersion were applied to the specimen, NOx removal efficiency doest not change much for the top surface of the specimen. This concurrently affected by the presence of tiny air voids and the dispersion of $TiO_2$ in that these voids could easily adsorbed NOx gas with the aid of large surface area.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 1995

Background: Acute interstitial pneumonia is a relatively rare form of interstitial pneumonia, since the vast majority of interstitial pneumonia have a more chronic course. It corresponds to the lesion described by Hamman and Rich, as Hamman-Rich disease in 1944. Another name in the clinical literature is accelerated interstitial pneumonia, idiopathic acute respiratory distress syndrome (idiopathic ARDS), and the organizing stage of diffuse alveolar damage. Acute interstitial pneumonia differs from chronic interstitial pneumonia by clinical and pathologic features. Clinically, this disease is characterized by a sudden onset and a rapid course, and reversible disease. Method and Purpose: Five cases of pathologically proven acute interstitial pneumonia were retrospectively studied to define the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features. Results: 1) The five cases ranged in age from 31 to 77 years old. The onset of illness was acute in all patients, it began with viral-like prodrome 6~40 days prior to shortness of breath, and respiratory failure eventually developed in all patients. In 2 cases, generalized skin rash was accompanied with flu-like symptoms. Etiologic agent could not be identified in any case. 2) All patients had leukocytosis and severe hypoxemia. Pulmonary function test of 3 available cases shows restrictive ventilatory defect, and one survived patient(case 5) has a complete improvement of pulmonary function after dismissal. 3) Diffuse bilateral chest infiltrates were present radiologically. Theses were the ground-glass, consolidation, and reticular densities without honeycomb fibrosis in all patients. The pathologic abnormalities were the presence of increased numbers of macrophages and the formation of hyaline membranes within alveolar spaces. There was also interstitial thickening with edema, proliferation of immature fibroblast, and hyperplasia of type II pneumocyte. In the survived patient(case5), pathologic findings were relatively early stage of acute interstitial pneumonia, such as hyaline membrane with mild interstitial fibrosis. 4) Of the 5 patients, four patients died of respiratory failure 14~90 days after onset of first symptom, and one survived and recovered in symptoms, chest X ray, and pulmonary function test Conclusion: These results emphasize that acute interstitial pneumonia is clinically, radiologically, and pathologically distinct form of interstitial pneumonia and should be separated from the group of chronic interstitial pneumonia. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the pathogenesis and the treatment of acute interstitial pneumonia.