• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.609-615
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• 2015

In this study, the combustion and exhaust emission characteristics in a gasoline direct injection engine with variations of the bio-ethanol-gasoline blending ratio and the excess air factor were investigated. To investigate the effects of the excess air factor and the bio-ethanol blends with gasoline, combustion characteristics such as the in-cylinder combustion pressure, rate of heat release (ROHR), and the fuel consumption rate were analyzed. The reduction of exhaust emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$) were compared with those of gasoline fuel with various excess air factors. The results showed that the peak combustion pressure and ROHR of bio-ethanol blends were slightly higher and were increased as bio-ethanol blending ratio is increased. Brake specific fuel consumption increased for a higher bio-ethanol blending ratio. The exhaust emissions decreased as the bio-ethanol blending ratio increased under all experimental conditions. The exhaust emissions of bio-ethanol fuels were lower than those of gasoline.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2010

In this experimental research, it was studied to compare with pure gasoline and the fuels of RM50 (reformulated methanol fuel) for performance and exhaust emissions without reconstruction of engine systems. RM50 has a wider range of combustion limitation, which is one of the methanol's characteristics. This causes a stable driving state of RM50 in the experimental condition of unstable state and a low cycle by cycle variation which is used to determine the driving state. It is determined that fuel stability is better because cycle by cycle variation varies within 10%, therefore, driving characteristics is relatively good. In all conditions, RM50 has lower exhaust emissions of CO, HC, NOx than gasoline fuel, however, RM50's noise characteristics are 0.5~2dB higher at all condition, and in the result of the experiments of rubber fusion, it increases the utility possibility of RM50.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 1981

최근 세계의 자동차업계에 문제가 되고 있는 연료경제 및 배기공해와 더불어 출력향상을 위하여 채택되고 있는 가솔린 기관의 연료분사장치는 유럽을 중심으로 하여 미국 및 일본에서 급속하게 발전되고 있으며 상당한 수의 자동차가 이를 장착, 주행하고 있어 향후 이러한 추세는 더욱 늘어날 전망에 있으므로 우선 이에 대한 개요를 소개함으로써 국산자동차의 기술적 향상에 기여 코자 한다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.632-637
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• 2010

Natural gas, a fossil fuel contained mostly of methane, is one of the cleanest alternative fuels. It can be used in the form of compressed gas(CNG) or liquefied natural gas(LNG) to cars and trucks. And, dedicated natural gas vehicles are designed to run on natural gas only, while Bi-fuel vehicles can also run on gasoline or CNG, especially, bi-fuel can be defined as the simultaneous combustion of two fuels. In this study, converted gasoline marine system to CNG Bi-fuel system which is made up of injector, regulator, tank and ECU is converted. And estimated the fuel system and engine power compared the result with gasoline engine is estimated. As a result, CNG engine shows low exhaust emissions but maxium power is 7% reduced compared to gasoline engine.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.18-25
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• 2007

제 2세대 직접분사식 가솔린 기관에서 6공 연료분사기의 연료분무특성을 관찰하였다. 실험에 사용한 직접분사식 가솔린 기관은 2개의 흡입밸브와 2개의 배기밸브를 갖는 텀블형 Spray Guided 연소실과 Quartz로 제작된 실린더 라이너와 실린더 헤드 창으로 구성되어 있다. 선회유동을 유도하기 위하여 흡입매니폴드에 선회유동 제어밸브를 부착하였다. 2차원 Mie 스캐터링 기법을 이용하여 연료분사시기, 연료분사압력과 실린더 내 유동 및 냉각수 온도가 연료분무에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 실험결과로는 흡기과정동안 흡기 선회유동은 분사된 연료의 공간적 분포에 크게 작용하였고, 압축과정동안에는 텀블 및 선회유동의 영향이 흡기과정에 비해 크지 않음을 확인하였다. 또한 성층연소를 위해서 압축과정에서 연료를 분사하는 경우 고압의 연료분사압은 분무도달거리의 성장을 촉진시키나 상승하는 피스톤과 이로 인한 실린더 압력의 상승으로 분무도달거리의 성장이 억제됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 1998

To analyze of oils in contaminated soils, it is necessary to classify of oils accurately and it has to be selected suitable extraction method and instrumental analysis method in according to the character of sample. In this study, oils are classified into three groups-gasoline, diesel and kerosene-we consider extraction methods and quantitative analysis method of these oils using GC/MS. As the analysis example of real sample, we analyze some gasolines and diesels of some oil refining company and calculate BTEX in gasoline and saturated n-hydrocarbons in diesel. And also, we study the representative quantitative method of each kind of oils.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.618-622
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• 2017

Gasoline is a widely used product as a source for energy in homes, the automotive industry, and for industrial power generation, and it is also a product with a high risk of fire and explosion. In this study, to examine the risk for explosion for gasoline, PG, MG and RG, which are categorized according to octane number, were used as test specimens to measure their explosion limit according changes in oxygen concentration. The explosion limit for 21% oxygen concentration in air were confirmed to be 1.5~10.9%, 1.4~8.1%, and 1.3~7.6%, respectively, and the MOC for each of the test sample were confirmed to be 10.9%. The explosion limit measured in the test performed in this study confirmed between a 1.2%~7.6% wider explosion limit for the currently accepted MSDS for gasoline, and therefore it is considered that the results of this study can provide significant reference for preventing fires and explosions for process used gasoline.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.351-358
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• 2015

In the recent times, the use of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines has been regarded as a means of enhancing conformance to emission regulations and improving fuel efficiency. GDI engines have been widely adopted in the recent years for their better engine performance and fuel economy compared to those of conventional MPI gasoline engines. However, they present some disadvantages related to the mass and quantity of particulate matter generated during their use. This study investigated the nanoparticle characteristics of the particulate matter exhausted from a GDI engine vehicle installed with different types of gasoline particulate filters, after subjecting it to ultra-lean burn driving conditions. Three metal foam and metal fiber filters were used for each experimental condition. The number concentrations of particles were analyzed for understanding their behavior, and the reduction characteristics were obtained for each type of filter.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.92-98
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• 1998

작업장에서 근로자들이 엔진오일 등 각종 오일에 피부가 폭로되었을 때 이것을 쉽게 세척하기 위하여 일반적으로 솔벤트를 사용한다. 그러나 솔벤트를 사용하면 피부를 건조하게 만들 뿐만 아니라 오일에 함유되어 있는 각종 성분들을 피부내에 흡수되는 것을 촉진시킬 수 있어서 이에대한 대처방법이 요구된다. 특히 폐가솔닐엔진오일데는 방향족탄화수소(PAHs)와 같은 물질이 함유되어 있어 체내에 흡수되면 발암물질로 대사되어 표적장기(피부와 폐조직)에서 DNA adducts를 높은 수준으로 형성한다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 식물기름에서 구할 수 있는 d-라이모닌(Limonene)를 세척제로 사용하여 폐가솔린엔진오일의 폭로로 인하여 형성되는 DNA adducts를 $^{32}P-postlabeling방법으로 분석함으로써 d-라이모닌의 세척효과를 평가하고자 하였다. HDC(ICR) Br 자성마우스의 견갑골 부위에 있는 털을 제거하고 그 부위에 폐가솔린엔진오일을 폭로시키고 1시간과 8시간이 지난 다음에 d-라이모닌으로 각각 세척을 하였다. 마지막 폭로를 마치고 24시간이 지난 다음에 실험동물을 희생시켜 표적장기(폭로된 피부와 폐)에서 시료를 채취하였다. 먼저 시료에서 DNA를 분리하여 가수분해한 다음에 $^{32}P-postlabeling하여 DNA adducts를 분리하였다. 폐가솔린엔진오일만 폭로시킨 그룹의 피부와 폐조직에 형성된 DNA adducts가 각각 30.3$\pm$3.7과 15.7$\pm$2.4로서 대조군(2.5$\pm$1.0과 1.4$\pm$0.4)에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 높았고 (p<0.01), 또한 폐조직에서 보다 피부조직에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(p<0.01). 폐가솔린엔진오일을 폭로시킨 후에 d-라이모닌으로 세척한 그룹에서는 피부와 폐조직에 형성된 DNA adducts가 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였는데(p<0.01), 8시간 보다는 1시간이 지난 다음에 세척한 그룹에서 DNA adducts의 감소현상이 더 크게 나타났다. 결론적으로 피부에 폭로된 폐가솔린 엔진오일을 d-라이모닌으로 세척하면 폐가솔닐엔진오일내에 함유된 발암물질이 체내흡수되는 것이 억제되고, 피부와 폐조직 모두에서 DNA adducts의 형성을 감소시킬 수 있으며, 폐오일이 폭로된 후 빨리 세척하는 것이 더 효과적임을 증명하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.737-744
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• 2012

A mobile emission laboratory (MEL) was designed to measure the amount of traffic pollutants, with high temporal and spatial resolution under real conditions. Equipment for the gas-phase measurements of CO, NOx, $CO_2$, and THC and for the measurement of the number, concentration, and size distribution of fine and ultra-fine particles by an FMPS and CPC was placed in a minivan. The exhausts of different types of vehicles can be sampled by an MEL. This paper describes the technical details of the MEL and presents data from the experiment in which a car chases passenger vehicles fuelled by diesel and gasoline. The particle number concentration in the exhaust of the diesel vehicle was higher than that of the gasoline vehicle. However, the diesel vehicle with a DPF emitted fewer particles than the vehicle equipped with a gasoline direct injection engine, with particle diameters over 50 nm.