• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.106-112
• /
• 2012

Since air pollution problem by emissions from automotive vehicles has become social issues, lean-burn gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine is focused as an alternative to meet the requirement of reinforced emission regulation and improved fuel consumption. Spray-guided type DI combustion is promising technology, which characterized by the centrally mounted injector and closely positioned spark plug, since stable lean combustion can be realized even at ultra-lean mixture condition. In the present study, the effect of multi-ignition with developed charge coil on combustion and emission characteristics was investigated in optical accessible single cylinder engine. In order to fully understand the in-cylinder phenomena and the mechanisms of emission production, optical diagnostics, such as flame visualization was also carried out at frequently using operating condition. Multi-ignition is effective to improve fuel economy but increase NOx emission at flammability limit.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2010

Trends of the automotive market require the application of new engine technologies, which allows for the use of different types of fuel. Since ethanol is a renewable source of energy and it contributes to lower $CO_2$ emissions, ethanol produced from biomass is expected to increase in use as an alternative fuel. It is recognized that for spark ignition (SI) engines ethanol has advantages of high octane number and high combustion speed. In spite of the advantages of ethanol, fuel supply system might be affected by fuel blends with ethanol like a wear and corrosion of electric fuel pumps. So the on-board hydrogen production out of ethanol reforming can be considered as an alternative plan. This paper investigates the influence of ethanol fuel on SI engine performance, thermal efficiency and emissions. The results obtained from experiments have shown that specific fuel consumption has increased by increasing ethanol amount in the blend whereas decreased by the use of hydrogen-enriched gas. The combustion characteristics with hydrogen-enriched gaseous fuel from ethanol reforming are also examined.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.178-185
• /
• 2006

This paper investigates the steady-state combustion characteristics of the Homogeneous charge compression ignition(HCCI) engine with variable valve timing(VVT) and dimethyl ether(DME) direct injection, to find out its benefits in exhaust gas emissions. HCCI combustion is an attractive way to lower carbon dioxide($CO_2$), nitrogen oxides(NOx) emission and to allow higher fuel conversion efficiency. However, HCCI engine has inherent problem of narrow operating range at high load due to high in-cylinder peak pressure and consequent noise. To overcome this problem, the control of combustion start and heat release rate is required. It is difficult to control the start of combustion because HCCI combustion phase is closely linked to chemical reaction during a compression stroke. The combination of VVT and DME direct injection was chosen as the most promising strategy to control the HCCI combustion phase in this study. Regular gasoline was injected at intake port as main fuel, while small amount of DME was also injected directly into the cylinder as an ignition promoter for the control of ignition timing. Different intake valve timings were tested for combustion phase control. Regular gasoline was tested for HCCI operation and emission characteristics with various engine conditions. With HCCI operation, ignition delay and rapid burning angle were successfully controlled by the amount of internal EGR that was determined with VVT. For best IMEP and low HC emission, DME should be injected during early compression stroke. IMEP was mainly affected by the DME injection timing, and quantities of fuel DME and gasoline. HC emission was mainly affected by both the amount of gasoline and the DME injection timing. NOx emission was lower than conventional SI engine at gasoline lean region. However, NOx emission was similar to that in the conventional SI engine at gasoline rich region. CO emission was affected by the amount of gasoline and DME.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.289-295
• /
• 1998

Used gasoline engine oils(UGEO) are carcinogenic in long term studies and capable of increasing the number of carcinogen-DNA adducts in short term studies when dermally applied to mice. The carcinogenic risk of UGEO has been attributed to the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) which accumulate in the lubricating system during the combustion of gasoline. When dermally exposed to UGEO, the use of hand cleanser was commonly recommended for removing it. But generally workers who dermally exposed oils, use kerosene as cleaner which make skin trouble. During this study, female mice aged 4-6 weeks were utilized to evaluate the efficiency of kerosene, as solvent-based cleanser, following dermal exposure to UGEO. DNA adduct were detected at skin and lung tissues by using the $^{32}P$-postlabeling method. Washing with cleansers were done at two different interval times following dermal application of UGEO. The total DNA adducts in skin and lung tissues were statistically significantly increased in positive control groups, and of which the total adduct level in skin tissues was statistically significant higher than those in lung tissues(p=0.005). When washing kerosene, the DNA adduct level in skin tissues was statistically significantly decreased(p=0.0001). But DNA adducts in lung tissue was statistically increased(p=0.0039), and that washed at 8hr post exposure was more severly increase(p<0.05). The slope of regression between DNA adducts of lung between skin tissues was 1.0802. In conclusion, skin cleaning with kerosene facilitates passage of carcinogens to the lungs of animals dermally treated with used gasoline engine oils(UGEO).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제11권9호
• /
• pp.3184-3189
• /
• 2010

펌프의 성능을 개선하기 위해서는 펌프의 회전수 정보를 획득할 필요성이 있으나, 일반적으로 연료펌프는 연료탱크 안에 내장되어 그 회전수를 측정하기에 어려움이 있다. 연료 펌프의 회전수는 크게 가속도 센서를 이용하는 방법과 전류센서를 이용하는 두 가지 방법이 있다. 가속도 센서를 이용하는 방법은 연료 펌프의 진동수를 측정하여 회전수로 계산하는 방법이며, 전류 센서를 이용하는 방법은 펌프모터의 주기적 전압방출 특성을 이용하여 회전수를 계산하는 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 전류센서를 가속도 센서와 동시에 장착하여 다양한 측정 조건에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 결론적으로 전류센서로도 연료펌프의 회전수를 정밀하게 측정하는 것이 가능하였으며 특히 낮은 회전수 영역에서는 가속도센서 대비 강건한 계측특성을 보였다. 오차 1% 이내의 회전수를 측정하기위하여, 가속도센서는 데이터 저장간격 0.5Hz 이하의 설정이 필요하였으며, 전류센서는 데이터 저장간격 2.0Hz이하의 설정이 필요하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.66-73
• /
• 2017

In this work, graphene platelets were introduced into wax in an automotive electronic controlled thermostat for the purpose of enhancing its thermal-conductive property and improving response performance. Graphene content ranging from 10 % to 20% was added into and mixed with the wax to investigate the effect of graphene amounts on the performance of an automotive electronic controlled thermostat in terms of response time, hysteresis and melting temperature. The experimental results revealed that graphene in wax contributed to a reduction in the response time and hysteresis of an automotive electronic controlled thermostat. As a consequence, important improvement in thermal sensitivity, full lift, melting temperature and hysteresis were obtained. The thermal response of wax with graphene content of 20 % was improved by 25 %, as compared to that of wax with Cu content of 20 %. Hysteresis of wax with graphene was reduced by $0.6^{\circ}C$ as compared to that of wax with Cu content. The melting temperature of wax is lowered and hysteresis is also improved with increased graphene content of wax in an electronic controlled thermostat. We hope that this study can help further the transition of nano-fluid technology from small-scale research laboratories to industrial application in the automotive sector.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.503-508
• /
• 2012

최근에 들어서 이산화탄소가 지구온난화의 원인으로 알려져 있기 때문에 온실가스 문제는 이슈화 되어 왔다. 본 연구는 한국에서 운행 중인 차량에서 이산화탄소 배출가스 영향인자 특성을 파악하고자 했다. 가솔린 자동차 129대, 디젤자동차 100대, LPG 자동차 34대 차량을 차대 동력계에서 시험했다. 시험과정에서 이산화탄소, 일산화탄소 그리고 연료저감율을 측정했다. 실험모드는 현재 한국에서 경차의 배출가스를 규제하기 위해서 배출계수를 산정하기 위해 개발된 CVS-75 모드에서 이루어졌다. 실험 결과 배기량, 연료소비율, 연료 종류, 주행패턴, 마일수 그리고 이산화탄소 사이의 관련성이 조사되었다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2006

가연성 물질의 자연발화는 화재예방을 위한 중요한 인자가 된다. Gasoline과 Cenox의 최저발화온도는 시료량 $100{\mu}l$서 각각 $340.5^{\circ}C,\;368.5^{\circ}C$를 구하였다. 또한 순간발화온도는 발화되는 시간이 1.0 sec가 되는 온도인 $416^{\circ}C,\;427^{\circ}C$를 구하였다. 혼합물질에 대한 시료량과 최저발화온도는 Cenox 60 v/v% 이하 첨가시 최저발화온도의 변화는 적게 나타났으나, 80 v/v% 이상에서는 높게 나타났다. 따라서 가솔린 엔진의 연료로 사용시 Gasoline과 Cenox의 혼합비가 대단히 중요한 인자가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 청정기술
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.211-224
• /
• 2016

가솔린 자동차의 내연기관 배기가스 처리를 위한 촉매로 삼원촉매가 널리 사용되고 있다. 반면 디젤 자동차의 배출 오염 물질 처리를 위해서는 다양한 기술들이 연구개발되고 있다. 디젤 자동차의 특징인 희박연소 조건에서 발생하는 질소산화물의 저감과 제거를 위해 티타니아에 담지된 바나듐 촉매가 상용화되어 있다. 바나듐 촉매를 이용한 질소산화물 저감기술은 암모니아를 환원제로 이용함으로써 대형 디젤 차량에 효과적으로 적용할 수 있다. 최근 활발하게 연구개발이 이루어지고 있는 구리가 이온 교환된 제올라이트 촉매는 초고연비 자동차 개발의 필수 기술로 인식되고 있다. 본 총설에서는 디젤 엔진의 배기가스 중 질소산화물을 효과적으로 제거하기 위한 후처리 기술 중 하나인 암모니아를 이용한 선택적 촉매 환원 반응의 촉매로 사용되는 구리가 이온 교환된 제올라이트 촉매와 관련한 최근 연구개발 동향을 소개하고자 한다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.64-70
• /
• 2007

Raising exhaust gas temperature during cold-start period is very crucial to improve emission performance of SI engines because it enhances the performance of catalyst in the early stage of engine start. In this study, control variables such as ignition timing, idle speed actuator(ISA) opening and fuel injection duration were extensively investigated to analyze variations in exhaust gas temperature and engine stability during cranking period. Experimental results showed that spark timing affected engine stability and exhaust gas temperature but the effects were small. On the other hand, shortened injection duration and increased ISA opening led to a significant increase in exhaust gas temperature. Under such conditions, increase in cranking time was also observed, showing that it becomes harder to start the engine. Based on these observations, a pseudo fuel-air ratio, defined as a ratio of fuel injection time to degree of ISA opening, was introduced to analyze the experimental results. In general, decrease in pseudo fuel-air ratio raised exhaust gas temperature with the cost of stable and fast cranking. On the contrary, an optimal range of the pseudo fuel-air ratio was found to be between 0.3 to 0.5 where higher exhaust gas temperatures can be obtained without sacrificing the engine stability.