• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1273-1279
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• 2011

The variable-swash-plate compressor has recently been adopted as a vehicle compressor to improve fuel efficiency. The rotation torque in the variable-swash-plate compressor and the pressure-affected piston have a great influence on the swash-plate design and deformation. This paper suggests the optimal configuration design by using Chebyshev orthogonal polynomial and optimization techniques. The orthogonal array (OA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques and response surface optimization, are employed to determine the main effects and their optimal design variables. According to the optimal design, we confirm an effective design variable in swash plate and explain the optimal solution, the usefulness for satisfying the constraints of maximum stress and deformation.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2008

In this study, a variable induction and exhaust system is applied to turbocharged diesel engine to improve the volumetric efficiency, especially, in a low and transient engine speed range where much of the pollutant matters are expelled out. The volumetric efficiency is known as one of the most important factor which affects significantly engine performance, fuel economy and further emission and noise level. As the torque increase with the engine speed up, the gas flow in an exhaust pipe become pulsating and then has an effect on boost up capacity of air charging into the cylinder and expelling capacity to atmosphere simultaneously. But at a low and idling speed, the pulsation effect was not so significant. Accordingly, resonator was employed to compensate their loss. The variable induction system consists of the secondary pipe, resonator, intercooler, and torque variance were examined with extended operating conditions. In the mean time, for interpretation and well understanding for the phenomena of wave action that arising during intake and exhaust process between turbocharger and variable intake system, the concept of the combined supercharging was introduced. Some of results are depicted which deal with a pressure history during valve events of induction process. Consequently, by the governing of these phase and amplitude of pulsating wave, it enables us to estimate and evaluate for the intake system performance and also, designing stage of the system layout.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.193-204
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• 1999

Performance of a variable-speed, roller-type vane compressor was evaluated at low evaporating temperature. First, an experimental investigation was conducted to examine the performance variation as functions of both outdoor temperature and rotating speed. For this purpose, a typical heat pump was implemented as a test apparatus to measure mass flow rate and power input. Secondly, computational investigations corresponding to the heat pump test conditions were performed to predict compressor performance using ORNL Map-Based compressor model. Results obtained from the heat-pump experiments showed that both mass flow rate and power consumption were sensitively dependent on both evaporating temperature and compressor speed as was predicted from the computational results. From the comparisons of both experimental and computational results, it was well recognized that the ORNL model was subjected to larger error in the accuracy of prediction as outdoor temperature decreased. When the outdoor temperature was above $-5^{\cire}C$, errors of predicted values corresponding to both mass flow rate and power consumption were estimated as $\pm$10% and $\pm$ 15%, respectively. Finally, it is suggested that the ORNL model needs to be re-evaluated if compressor map data tested below $-5^{\cire}C$(in evaporating temperature) are available.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.303-312
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• 2017

The central goal of Gamma Knife radiosurgery(GKRS) is to maximize the conformity of the prescription isodose surface, and to minimize the radiation effect of the normal tissue surrounding the target volume. There are the various kinds of indices related with the quality of treatment plans such as conformity index, coverage, selectivity, beam-on time, gradient index(GI), and conformity/gradient index(CGI). As the best treatment plan evaluation tool, we must check by all means conformity index, GI, and CGI among them. Specially, GI and CGI related with complication of healthy normal tissue is more indispensible than conformity index. Then author calculated and statistically analysed CGI, the newly defined conformity/gradient index as well as GI being applied widely using the treatment planning system Leksell GammaPlan(LGP) and the verification method Variable Ellipsoid Modeling Technique(VEMT). In the study 10 patients with intracranial lesion treated by GKRS were included. Author computed the indices from LGP and VEMT requiring only four parameters: the prescribed isodose volume, the volume with dose > 30%, the target volume, and the volume of half the prescription isodose. All data were analyzed by paired t-test, which is statistical method used to compare two different measurement techniques. No statistical significance in GI at 10 cases was observed between LGP and VEMT. Differences in GI ranged from -0.14 to 0.01. The newly defined gradient index calculated by two methods LGP and VEMT was not statistically significant either. Author did not find out the statistical difference for the prescribed isodose volume between LGP and VEMT. CGI as the evaluation index for determining the best treatment plan is not significant statistically also. Differences in CGI ranged from -4 to 3. Similarly newly defined Conformity/Gradient index for GKRS was also estimated as the metric for the evaluation of the treatment plans through statistical analysis. Statistical analyses demonstrated that VEMT was in excellent agreement with LGP when considering GI, new gradient index, CGI, and new CGI for evaluating the best plans of GKRS. Due to the application of the fast and easy evaluation tool through LGP and VEMT author hopes CGI and newly defined CGI as well as gradient indices will be widely used.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.57-62
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• 2009

Unsteady flows in a semi-induction system was investigated to verify their characteristics. A semi-induction system was designed and made to verify the Sow characteristics in an intake system. To attain an intact wave of an intake pulse, a single semi-intake system was adopted as a test rig. The system consists of an intake pipe and a rotary valve as a pulse generator, and a variable volume Helmholtz resonator. The variable volume Helmholtz resonator was mounted in the intake pipe to enhance a breathing capacity and engine performance. The phase and amplitude of the pulsating flow in an unsteady flow system were found to affect the charging capacity significantly. The behavior of pressure wave, their phase and amplitude were investigated in various regions. Some of the results obtained from experiments were described.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2013.07a
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• pp.82-83
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• 2013

친환경 차량에 대한 관심이 급증함에 따라 고효율 운전이 가능한 하이브리드 전기자동차(이하 HEV)에 대한 관심이 급증하고 있다. HEV에는 효율이 높고 단위 체적당 토크가 큰 고성능 전동기가 적용되고 있으며 자동차에 적용되는 특수성으로 인해 고속영역에서의 안정된 출력 특성이 요구되고 있다. 회전계자부에 권선을 적용한 계자권선형 동기전동기는 영구자석형 전동기에 비해 효율이 다소 감소하는 단점이 있으나, 공극 자속을 임의로 제어할 수 있기 때문에 저속영역부터 10,000rpm 이상의 고속영역까지 탁월한 가변속 능력을 발휘하는 장점이 있으며, 저용량 HEV에 매우 적합한 특성을 지니고 있다. 그러나, 일반적인 영구자석형 동기전동기와는 다르게 d,q축 전류 뿐만 아니라 자속성분 전류까지 제어 대상에 포함되므로 제어계가 복잡해지는 문제가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 HEV용 계자 권선형 동기전동기의 단위 전류당 최대토크 제어(MTPA)에 대하여 연구를 진행하였으며, 전압-전압제한 하에서 이론적으로 발생 가능한 최대토크 능력 커브를 기반으로 실제 시스템에서 쉽게 구현할 수 있는 약계자 제어 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.3032-3037
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• 2008

Variable Valve Timing (VVT) system can be used to improve fuel economy, performance and emissions. This study is identified the effect of VVT in terms of wide open throttle torque, Residual gas fraction, volume efficiency. Engine cycle simulations are performed on 2.0L DOHC in-line 4-cylinder SI engine by using WAVE of Ricardo. Results of the simulations had good agreement with WOT torque experimental data, and helped to predict the tendency of performance as the valve timings change. WOT torque was higher when intake valves were closed early for low rpm and late for high rpm.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1230-1235
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• 2001

The laminar convection heat transfer in a ventilated space with various horizontal partitions was studied numerically and experimentally. The experimental results by holographic interferometer showed good agreements with the numerical results. For the numerical study, the governing equations were solved by using a finite volume method for $46.6\leqRe\leq1332,\;1460\leqGr\leql1585$, Pr=0.71 and the variations of partition lengths. The isotherms and velocity vectors have been represented for various parameters. As the length of partition increases, the convection heat transfer decreases. Based on the numerical data, a correlation was obtained for the dimensionless mean Nusselt number in terms of $Gr/Re^2$. In the region of $Gr/Re^2$<1, the mean Nusselt number was very small, but in the region of $Gr/Re^2\geq1$, the mean Nusselt number was constant.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.7-13
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• 2010

To satisfy the needs on fuel economy and engine performance, continuous variable valve lift systems are applying to engines. In the CVVL system, fuel economy can be improved by reducing pumping loss during the induction process, and engine performance can be also improved by controlling volumetric efficiency and the residual gas fraction. Because the residual gas fraction directly affects volumetric efficiency, engine performance, combustion efficiency and emissions in SI engines, controlling residual gas fraction is one of the important things in engine development process. This analysis investigates the residual gas fraction and volumetric efficiency with changes of intake valve lifts and intake valve timings. In this study, unsteady state solutions were solved during exhaust and induction processes. Results show variation of the residual gas fraction and volumetric efficiency by changing intake valve timing and lift. Decreasing intake valve lift leads to increase the residual gas fraction and to decrease volumetric efficiency.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.12-17
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• 1997

In this work, we developed a new type ultrasonic dehumidifier with piezoelectric ceramics, which and efficiently repel waterdrops on outdoor glass plates exposed to raindrops. Through finite element analysis of a certain type of glass plates to analyze its dynamic behavior, the structure of the ultrasonic device we determined to get the optimal performance. A supplemental metal plate was attached to the glass plate for uniform cleaning. Based on the theoretical results, experimental samples were fabricated and evaluated with various dimensions of the glass plate and the piezoceramic vibrator. Driving circuit for the dehumidifier made use of the frequency sweeping technique to keep track of the resonant frequency of the glass plate that was variant with environmental conditions.