• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.112-118
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• 1988

The effect of gamma irradiation of microbiological and physicochemical properties of raw ingredients (thirteen kinds of protein sources) for the mixed feed were investigated. The total aerobic bacteria counts in the samples was ranged from $10^2$ to $10^7$cells/g. After 5 to 7 kGy irradiation, the total count was reduced by 3 to 4 log cycles. Coliforms were detected in seven samples and the range was from $10^4$ to $10^6$cells/g. Enteric pathogens were found only in fish meal and poultry byproduct as $10^2$ to $10^6$cells/g. They were sensitive to radiation and completely sterilized by 3 to 5 kGy irradiation. Total fungi count was ranged from $10^1$ to $10^4$cells/g in all samples. They were osmophiles such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Aureobasidium and Rhizopus and were destroyed by 3 to 7 kGy irradiation. Five species of potential mycotoxin producers including Aspergillus flavus were also identified. Physicochemical properties, such as total amino acid content, TBA value, POV and color difference showed that irradiation with optimum does was less detrimental than autoclaving.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.552-557
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial effects of anti-Salmonella gallinarum-specific IgY separated from egg yolk obtained from layers immunized by S. gallinarum. The comparison tests of vaccination, content of IgY and innoculation number were examined by microscopic observation, turbidity, and pH. The results show that the ratio of anti-S. gallinarum IgY in the total IgY was 23%. Also, the anti-S. gallinarum IgY had selectivity only to S, gallinarum. The 0.3% addition of anti-S. gallinarum-specific IgY resulted in agglutinating clusters of S, gallinarum cells, but the agglomeration didn#t occur in IgY from layers not immunized nor in the control group. Microscopic observation indicated agglomerative cells when IgY was added at 0.2% or higher, and the pH and turbidity examinations revealed that a suppression effect was remarkable in IgY at more than 0.1%. These results suggest the possibility that IgY extracted from eggs and obtained from layers immunized by S. gallinarum can be used to prevent fowl typhoid.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2007

The most rapid Real-time PCR based detection method for Avian influenza A virus (AIV) subtype H5N1 was developed. The target DNA sequence in this study was deduced from H5N1 subtype-specific 387 bp partial gene of hemagglutinin, and was synthesized by using PCR-based gene synthesis on the ground of safety. Real-Time PCR was performed by $GenSpector^{TM}$ using microchip-based, total $1{\mu}l$ of reaction mixture with extremely short time in each steps in PCR. The detection including PCR-amplication and analysis of melting temperature was totally completed within 13 min. The H5N1-specific 189 bp PCR product was correctly amplified until 2.4 molecules of hemagglutinin gene as minimum of templates. This kind of PCR was designated as Quick Real-Time PCR in this study and it could be applied to detect not only AIV H5N1, but also other pathogens using PCR-based detection.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.254-260
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• 2006

A 6-week feeding trial was conducted to determine apparent protein and phosphorus digestibilities in order to evaluate nine different dietary protein sources in growing olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Nine diets containing fish meal analog ($BAIFA-M^{TM}$), white fish meal (WFM), flounder muscle powder (FMP), squid liver powder (SLP), leather meal (LM), soybean meal (SM), corn gluten meal (CGM), poultry by-product (PBP) or egg albumin(EA) were prepared by mixing a basal diet (BD) with one of nine test ingredients at the ratio of 7 to 3. Apparent protein digestibilities of FMP, SLP, WFM, SM, CGM, LM, PBP, $BAIFA-M^{TM}$, and EA were 94%, 92%, 86%, 82%, 75%, 72%, 72%, 71%, and 30%, respectively. Apparent phosphorus digestibilities of FMP, SLP, $BAIFA-M^{TM}$, LM, WFM, PBP, CGM, EA and SM were 77%, 72%, 65%, 55%, 54%, 50%, 20%, 20%, and 17%, respectively. Weight gain of fish fed FMP ($323^a$) was significantly higher than those of fish fed the other diets, and those of fish fed basal diet ($302^b$), SLP ($305^b$) and WFM ($308^b$) diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed SM ($274^c$), $BAIFA-M^{TM}\;(268^{cd}),\;PBP\;(261^{de}),\;LM\;(251^e),\;CGM\;(254^e)$ and EA ($181^f$). Based on the results of apparent protein digestibilities, apparent phosphorus digestibilities and weight gain, SLP, SM and $BAIFA-M^{TM}$ could be one of good protein source to replace fish meal in flounder diets.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.274-280
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• 2005

Pasteurella multocida is known to cause widespread infections in husbandry. To induce homologous and heterologous immunity against the infections, outer membrane proteins (OMPs) in the envelope of P. multocida are thought to be attractive vaccine candidates. Outer membrane protein H is considered as the major component of OMPs. In this study, a gene for OmpH was isolated from pathogenic P. multocida serogroup A. The gene was composed of 1,047 nucleotides coding 348 amino acids with signal peptide of 20 amino acids. The amino acid composition showed about 80 to 98 per cent sequence homologies among other 10 strains of P. multocida serogroup A, reported so far. A recombinant ompH, from which signal peptide was truncated, was generated using pRSET A to name 'pRSET A/OmpH-F2'. The pRSET A/OmpH-F2 was well expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). The truncated OmpH was purified using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) affinity column chromatography. Its molecular weight was registered to be 40 kDa on SDS-PAGE gel. In order to generate immunesera against the OmpH, 50 ug of the protein was intraperitoneally injected into mice three times. The anti-OmpH immuneserum recognized about $5{\times}10^{-2}$ng quantity of the purified OmpH. It can be used for an effective vaccine production to prevent fowl cholera caused by pathogenic P. multocida (Serogroup A).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 2002.09b
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• pp.159-183
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• 2002

China is the country with more people and more land, faced with the pressure of population growth and land decrement. The potential of developing animal husbandry by increasing feed grain per capita is less and less. "Planting forage to feed livestock" is a sustainable industry with grain-saying, high efficiency, good quality and safety, accorded with the conditions of China. First, the natural, social and economical condition in southern area of China was analyzed, and the characteristics of production and utilization of forage were introduced in this paper. The natural condition in southern area of China was well suited for forage production. Forage was mainly planted on famland. Main herbage cultivars were annual or hibernal annual. Most of forage was directly utilized by herbivorous animal and fish. Second, The present situation, developmental trend and existing problems of forage industrialization were reviewed. The level of forage industrialization was low with a bright future. At present, the chief existing problems were lack of herbage cultivars of good quality, backward equipment, lagged techniques and low level of mechanization in forage processing with a short time and so on. Finally, the situation of production and utilization of forage was summarized.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.83-97
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• 2020

Purpose: This study evaluated the effects of nutrition management application in a mobile device on obesity management of patients with breast cancer. Methods: Fifty subjects, who were breast cancer survivors, aged 30 years and older, participated in an obesity management program for four weeks. They were divided randomly into two groups: a control group (n = 25) and a treatment group (n = 25). The treatment group was provided an application for nutrition management and diet consultant, while the control group maintained their ordinary life without any nutrition management. Results: The weight of the treatment group decreased by 0.8 kg, but the change was not significant. In contrast, the waist-hip ratio of the treatment group decreased significantly from 0.75 to 0.71 (p = 0.012). The Nutrition Quotients of the treatment group increased significantly from 61.3 to 69.6 points (p < 0.001), whereas that of the control group decreased significantly from 61.5 to 59.0 (p = 0.002). Conclusion: This mobile nutrition management application for breast cancer patients is effective in managing obesity and dietary habits. These results can be used as basic information to prepare an obesity management program for breast cancer patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.182-191
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• 2016

The purpose of this research was the optimization of protein hydrolysate production using a commercial enzyme bromelain 1200 derived from the leg of Yeonsan Ogae by response surface methodology. Yeonsan Ogae has long been known as supporting health and high efficacy treatment. In recent days, as the efficacy of functional peptides becomes more known, optimization of oligopeptide production and its characteristics from Ogae leg meat has been performed. Response surface methodology was performed for optimization of enzyme hydrolysis. The process was varied in pressure (30 to 100 MPa), time (1 to 3 h), and substrate concentration (10 to 30%). The degree of hydrolysis, amino acids, and molecular weight of products were analyzed. The optimum conditions were determined to be a pressure of 100 Mpa, time of 3 h, and substrate concentration of 20%. Under optimized conditions, degree of hydrolysis was 34.10%. The average molecular weight of protein hydrolysates was less than 1,000 Da. Major amino acids were leucine, lysine, alanine, glutamic acid, and phenylalanine.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 2009

Soil microbial activity and diversity are affected by organic sources applied to improve soil quality and fluctuate seasonally. We investigated the effects of municipal compost (MC), poultry litter (PL), and cover crops of spring oats and red clover (RC) on soil enzyme activities, and soil bacterial community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) in a Mexico silt loam in North Central Missouri, USA. Temporal patterns of these parameters were observed by periodic five soil sampling from spring to fall over a two year period. MC increased soil dehydrogenase (DH) activity consistently beginning about three months after MC application; fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolytic activity significantly began to increase by the September of the first year but fluctuated during the following period. DH activity responded more directly to the amount or properties of organic residues in soils while FDA hydrolysis and CLPP were generally influenced by composition of organic sources, and enzyme activities and CLPP showed seasonal variation, which depended on organic sources and soil moisture. MC and cover crops may be useful organic sources for enhancing general soil microbial activity and altering soil microbial diversity, respectively. Because microbial activities and diversity are dynamic and subject to seasonal changes, the effects of organic amendments on these parameters should be investigated frequently during a growing season.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 1998

Ths studies was carried out to investigate the processing possibility of pheasant meat extracts treated with proteases. The crude protein, aminonitrogen, degree of hydrolysis, yield and amino acid composition of pheasant meat extracts when it was treated with proteases at various temperature and reaction time were analyzed. The crude protein contents of pheasant meat extracts processed in $130^{\circ}C$ were more than when it was done in $100^{\circ}C$, but the contents of aminonitrogen were not quite different between two processing temperature. The content of crude protein and aminonitrogen when pheasant meat was hydrolyzed with protease NP and prozyme A. The yields of pheasant meat extracts, when pheasant meat were treated at $100^{\circ}C$ and $130^{\circ}C$, were from 2.24 to 7.10% and from 5.51 to 10.45%, respectively. And the yield of extraction depended on extraction temperature, kinds of enzyme, amount of enzyme, extraction time. The content of aminonitrogen in pheasant meat extracts treated with enzyme was much higher than any other treatments. And it depended on amount of enzyme, extraction time and temperature. The amount of the amino acids in pheasant meat extracts treated by protease NP were eminently higher than by heat at $100^{\circ}C$ or $130^{\circ}C$.