• Title/Summary/Keyword: 理氣

Search Result 441, Processing Time 0.027 seconds

Variation of Fine Structure of Wood Cellulose within Stems of 3 Commercial Softwood Species Grown in Korea (국내산 주요 침엽수 3종간의 수간 내 목재셀룰로오스의 미세구조 변이)

  • Eun, Dong-Jin;Kwon, Sung-Min;Kim, Nam-Hun
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.36 no.1
    • /
    • pp.12-20
    • /
    • 2008
  • Radial and vertical variations of relative crystallinity and crystallite width of cellulose within stems of three softwoods (Pinus densiflora S. et Z., P. koraiensis S. et Z, P. rigida Mill.) grown in Korea were examined by an X-ray diffraction method. The mean of relative crystallinity was 61.7% in P. koraiensis, 60.6% in P. densiflora and 49.4% in P. rigida. The degree of crystallinity in earlywood and latewood increased with the age from pith to about 10~15 years, and then remained almost constant value. The relative crystallinitiy of latewood was slightly higher than that of earlywood. The relative crystallinity in P. densiflora was a little lower at the base of stem, but no significant difference by height was shown in P. koraiensis and P. rigida. The crystallite widths in the stems were 2.8 to 3.0 nm, but were not significantly different in earlywood and latewood by height. In conclusion, the relative crystallinity appeared to be a useful index for separating juvenile wood from adult wood in the softwoods of P. densiflora, P. koraiensis, and P. rigida grown in Korea.

Cation Deficiencies in Needles and Fine Roots of Pitch Pine in Seoul Metropolitan Area (首都圈地域에서 리기다소나무 잎과 잔뿌리 속의 陽이온 부족)

  • Rhyu, Tae-Cheol;Kim, Kee-Dae;Kim, Joon-Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
    • /
    • v.17 no.3
    • /
    • pp.277-286
    • /
    • 1994
  • The contents of major elements were determined in current-year and previous-year needles and fine roots of pitch pine (Pinus yzgida) at 33 sites in Seoul and its vicinity. Contrary to Ca and Al in needles, N, P, Mg and K contents in current-year needles were higher than those in previous-year needles. The N, P, K and Al contents in current-year needles in Seoul were not significantly different from those in rural areas. In contrast, Ca and Mg contents in needles in Seoul were significantly lower than those in suburbs and rural areas. The N /Ca and N /Mg ratios in needles in urban Seoul were higher than those in rural areas. Mg contents in fine roots in soil of 0-5 cm depth increased along with distance from the center of Seoul, while Al contents in fine root in soil of 5-10 cm depth decreased along with distance from the center of Seoul. Al contents in fine roots in soil layer in Seoul and suburbs were higher than those in rural areas. Al contents in fine roots in litter layer were 1 /3 - 1 /2 times lower than those in soil layer for all areas. A1 content in fine roots in deep soil was higher than that in top soil. Therefore growth decline of pitch pine in Seoul and suburbs was thought to be caused by Ca and Mg deficiency in plant tissues and Al toxicity to fine roots. Abnormal vertical distribution of fine roots of pitch pine in Seoul and its vicinity were interpreted as the result of growth reduction of fine roots by Al toxicity in deep layer of acid soil.

  • PDF

Allozyme Variation of Pinus rigida Mill. in an F1-Hybrid Seed Orchard and Estimation of the Proportion of F1-Hybrid Seeds by Allozyme Analysis (잡종(雜種) 채종원(採種園)에서 리기다소나무의 Allozyme 변이(變異)와 Allozyme 분석(分析)에 의(依)한 잡종종자(雜種種字) 발생률(發生率)의 추정(推定))

  • Chung, Min Sup
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
    • /
    • v.66 no.1
    • /
    • pp.109-117
    • /
    • 1984
  • Allozyme study for open pollinated seeds of forty nine pitch pine families in an $F_1$-hybrid seed orchard demonstrated that allozyme variants in aspartate aminotransferase(AAT), glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH) and leucine aminopeptidase(LAP) systems are encoded by at Least eight loci; five for AAT, one for GDH and two fur LAP. Allozyme variations showed polymorphisms at seven of the eight loci, except GDH. Average number of alleles examined over six loci were 2.33 and 2.67 for maternal and progeny groups, respectively. Average heterozygosity and genetic diversity computed over six loci were, respectively, 0.235 and 5.409 for maternal tree group, 0.238 and 5.569 for progeny group. The proportion of $F_1$-hybrid seeds estimated by allozyme analysis was 0.77%. The estimated proportion of $F_1$ hybrid seeds by allozyme study is in good agreement with the value 0.73% estimated by morphological study for the proportion of pitch ${\times}$ Loblolly $F_1$ hybrid seedlings at a nursery. Indications for Wahlund effect, high levels of self-fertilization and for non-random matings in the $F_1$ hybrid seed orchard call for cautions in estimating allele frequency changes and mating probabilities for the parental and progeny groups.

  • PDF

Studies on Discoloration of 16 Commercial wood Grown in Korea (한국산(韓國産) 유용목재(有用木材)의 변색(變色)에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Moom-Kyu;Chung, Dae-Kyo
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.14 no.4
    • /
    • pp.40-46
    • /
    • 1986
  • Change of color of woods is a trouble frequently found in decorative wood products. In this paper, studies were carried out on discoloation sensitivities of wood specimens to iron (0.1%, $FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$), alkali (pH12.0, NaOH), acid (pH 1.0 $C_2H_2O_4$) and exposing to sunlight (40 hrs.). Four soft-woods and eleven hard-woods grown in Korea were used in this test. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In iron stain, strong discolored wood species were Larix leptolepis, Quercus mongolica. Zelkova serrata and Prunus yedoensis, and light discolored were Paulownia lomentosa and Pinus rigida. 2. In alkali stain. light discolored wood species were Abies holophylla, Kalopanax pictum, Populus ${\times}$ albaglandulosa, Acer mono, Pinus rigida, Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Prunus yedoensis, Zelkova serrata, Populus euramericana, Pinus koraiensis and Paulownia tomentosa, but there was no wood species of strong discolored compared with the color difference values of other reports. 3. In acid stain, light discolored wood species were Pinus rigida, Paulownia tomentosa. Pinus koraiensis, Quercus mongolica, Kalopanax piclum and Acer mone, but there was no strong discolored species compared with the color difference values of other reports. 4. In exposing to sunlight, strong discolored species were Larix leptolepis, Acer mono, Paulownia tomentosa, Populus euramericana, Pinus densijlora, Robinia pseudoacacia, Abies holophylla, Populus ${\times}$ albaglandulosa, Zelkova serrata, Prunus yedoensis and Pinus rigida, and light discolored was Alnus japonica. In general, it was shown that Korean wood species were susceptible to change of color by exposing to sunlight and iron stain compared with by alkali stain and acid stain.

  • PDF

Heavy Metal Concentration of Soils and Plants in Baekdong Serpentinite Area, Chungnam - A Case of Pinus densiflora and Pinus rigida - (충남 백동 사문암지역의 토양 및 식물체내 중금속 함량 - 소나무 및 리기다소나무를 중심으로 -)

  • 민일식;송석환;김명희;장관순
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
    • /
    • v.12 no.3
    • /
    • pp.271-278
    • /
    • 1998
  • Heavy metal concentrations in rocks and soils from serpentinite(SP) and in plants (Pinus densiflora: PD and Pinus rigida: PR) were examined at Baekdong mine in Hongsung, Chungnam. Parent rocks were compared with amphibole schist(AS) and gneiss(GN) and plants divided the above grounds and roots were examined, respectively. In rocks, Ni, Cr, Co, Fe concentrations in SP were higher than those in AS and GN. The concentrations of top soils had the similar differences to their rocks; especially Ni, Cr, Co, Fe concentrations were the highest in SP, Zn and Sc concentrations, however, were the highest in AS. Average Ni, Cr, Co, Au, As, Sb, W concentrations of PD were the highest in SP and especially Ni, Cr, Co concentrations were accorded with changes of rocks and top soils. Zn and Sc concentrations in AS were higher and Fe and Mo concentrations in GN were higher than those in SP. Compared with two plants in the same serpentinite sites, most elements of PR were higher than those of PD. Therefore, these suggested PR absorbed much heavy metal than PD. Most element concentrations of roots in two plants and three rocks were higher than those of the above ground. Relative ratios (average plant concentration/soil concentration) of Ni, Cr, Co, Zn, Sc, Fe in AS and GN were higher than those of SP. Especially, relative ratios of most elements except Zn in GN were the highest.

  • PDF

Study on the Anti-oxidant Effect of Pinus rigida Mill. inner Bark Extracts (리기다소나무(Pinus rigida Mill.) 내수피 추출물의 항산화효과에 관한 연구)

  • Jang, Min-Jung;An, Bong-Jeun;Lee, Chang-Eeon;Lee, Jin-Tae;Lee, Byung-Guen;Lee, Do-Hyung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
    • /
    • v.97 no.1
    • /
    • pp.88-94
    • /
    • 2008
  • The aim of the study was to assess the cosmeceutical activity of Pinus rigida Mill. and it is possible that can be used as a cosmetic ingredient for application of cosmetic industries. The concentration of total phenolic compound of P. rigida water soluble fraction and P. rigida ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed 47 mg/L and 601 mg/L respectively. In the result of DPPH scavenging radical activity, P. rigida ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed 86% and it was similar to BHA effect at 10 ppm concentration. Xanthine oxidase inhibition of P. rigida water soluble fraction and P. rigida ethyl acetate soluble fraction were 76.3% and 80.5% at 500 ppm, respectively. In the result of tyrosinase inhibition effect related to skin-whitening, P. rigida water and ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed 42%, 10.9% at a 1,000 ppm. In these results, P. rigida has a great potential as a cosmeceutical ingredient with a natural anti-oxidant source.

Change of Aboveground Carbon Storage in a Pinus rigida Stand in Gwangnung, Gyunggi-do, Korea (경기도(京畿道) 광릉(光陵) 리기다소나무임분(林分)의 지상부(地上部) 탄소저장량(炭素貯藏量) 변화(變化))

  • Kim, Choonsig;Jeong, Jin-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
    • /
    • v.90 no.6
    • /
    • pp.774-780
    • /
    • 2001
  • Aboveground carbon storage and increment of a 31-year-old pitch pine (Pinus rigida) stand were measured for five years (1997~2001) in the Jungbu Forest Experiment Station, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. The carbon concentration in each component of aboveground and soil depth decreased in the order of needle>branch>stembark>stemwood>forest floor>0-15cm soil depth>15-30cm soil depth. The carbon storage except for root carbon was 140,600kgC/ha and the tree accounted for 61%, soil 31% and forest floor 8% of the stand carbon storage. Due to high tree mortality by Fusarium subglutinans infection and spring drought in 2001, carbon increment except for 2001 data was 3,233kgC/ha/yr and was in the order of stemwood>branch>stembark>needle. Carbon storage and increment were attributed to stand density and site quality. Carbon storage and increment were higher in the high site quality than in the lower site quality plot on similar tree density. Also, the high tree density site on similar site quality showed more carbon storage and increment compared with the lower tree density. The results suggest that site quality and tree density are a key factor determining carbon storage and increment in this pitch pine stand.

  • PDF

새로운 조경수(75)-소나무

  • Kim, Sa-Il
    • Landscaping Tree
    • /
    • v.78 no.1_2
    • /
    • pp.8-15
    • /
    • 2004
  • 소나무과 소나무속에는 세계적으로 90여종의 소나무가 알려져 있고 대부분이 지구의 북반구에 분포하고 있다. 우리나라에는 자생종으로 소나무, 곰솔, 잣나무, 섬잣나무, 눈잣나무 등 5종이 있고 도입종으로 백송, 스트로브잣나무, 리기다소나무, 방크스소나무, 만주곰솔, 구주소나무, 테다소나무, 대왕송 등 9종이 있다.

  • PDF