• Journal of Science Education
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.369-380
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate middle students' conceptions of buoyancy. The questionnaires composed of 9 items which asked the reasons for situations with buoyancy; recognized of buoyancy, the facts affecting buoyancy(bottom of the Area of the object, the shape of the object, the depth of the object in the water, amount of water, the degree of the object submerged in the water, volume of the object, weigh of the object), the relationship between the amount of replaced fluid and buoyancy. The subjects were 140 students from the Busan Area who answered questionnaires composed of 9 items which asked the reasons for situations with buoyancy. Among the 140, 132 students were selected who answered all of question in the test. The students' answer types were follow: 1. Related to the shape of the submerged object, students answered that buoynacy depended on the bottom dimensions or the surface area of the object. 2. Students confused press, water press and buoyancy, who answered buoyancy was great when the water press was great. 3. Students answered that the weight and the size of the buoyancy of the object was same in the water. 4. Students answered, gravity was smaller in the water. Students recognized the existence of buoyancy but the reason of the answer depend on their experience. Also students answered using the words that water pressure, pressure, force instead of buoyancy. Students didn't understand the factors affecting the buoyancy. Many students responded that buoyancy was changed depend on weight of object, sinking depth, shape and others. It was considered that these responses didn't understand the cause of buoyancy.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2004

DVB-MHP recommends that NPT(normal play time) be used as the times of stream events. NPT is the local time within an event(TV program). But we found that commercial transport stream (TS) generators and middlewares for DVB-MHP settop boxes are not ready to support the use of NPT by applications. In particular, TS generators do not create NPT reference descriptors needed to reconstruct NPT at the TV receiver. This situation is undesirable because program providers cannot experiment with the idea of synchronized applications. So we have implemented a TS generator that inserts NPT reference descriptors to TS and MyGetNPT API to approximately reconstruct NPT. STC (system time clock) is needed to reconstruct NPT, but Xlets are not allowed to read it. So, we approximate STC by using PCR (program clock reference) and the Java system tune. In this method, the stream generator extrats PCRs from an existing TS and inserts them into null TS packets in the form of MPEG sections, which can be read by Xlets. Because PCRs are displaced into new positions in TS, their values should be adjusted based on the time intervals between the original positions and the new positions. We implemented a synchronized application by using our TS generator and MyGetNPT API, where the task of stream events are to display graphic images. We found that graphic images are displayed where 240 ㎳ from their intended time, where 240ms is a human tolerance for the synchronization skew between graphic image and video.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.101-106
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• 2000

자동화 기기 분야에서 컴퓨터의 적용 및 응용은 하드웨어 발달에 따라 매우 빠르고 민감하게 반영되어왔다. 이는 컴퓨터 하드웨어의 빠른 개발 주기에 맞춰 저 가격, 고 효율성, 높은 신뢰성, 호환성 등의 장점을 가진 PC가 현대의 컴퓨터 흐름을 주도하게 되면서 자동화 산업분야 또한 이를 적용하여 왔기 때문이다. 이에 따라, 자동화 기기 분야에서는 고 가격, 긴 개발기간 등을 필요로 했던 과거와 달리 저 가격, 짧은 개발기간, 다양한 개발환경 등을 이룰 수 있었다. 또한, 생산량 증가에만 의존하던 과거와 달리 현대에 이르러서는 시스템의 최적화, 효율의 극대화, 시스템의 안정성, 운용의 편리성, 호환성 등의 개념들이 도입되고 있는 것이다. 자동화 기기를 구성하는 요인으로는 크게 시스템의 틀을 이루는 기계부분과 이를 제어하는 제어 시스템부로 나뉠 수 있다. 제어 시스템에서는 기계부분의 동작을 제어하는 동작 제어부와 이에 관한 정보를 화면에 나타내는 GUI(Graphical User Interface)부분으로 나뉘게된다. 현재에는 이를 통합하여 하나의 하드웨어에서 제어부와 GUI를 모두 담당하는 방법이 연구 진행되고 있으나, 하드웨어를 둘로 나누거나 하나로 하여도 제어부와 GUI 사이의 통신부분은 빼놓을 수 없는 요소가 된다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 시스템의 안정성을 위하여 두 시스템간에 송·수신되는 데이터를 추적할 수 있도록 하는 Emulate 기법을 구현 및 개발하고자 한다. 이는, 두 시스템간의 통신 데이터를 실시간으로 누적, 저장하여 사용자로 하여금 시스템의 운용상태를 분석할 수 있게 하였으며, 시스템 오류발생 시 Emulate 자료를 근거로 시스템의 운용상태를 파악할 수 있게 하였다.근 제한기능을 제공하며 각 클라이언트와 서버간의 실시간 연결 혹은 지연연결을 지원하는 독립적인 애플리케이션이다. 이러한 처방전달 메시징시스템을 구성하는 각 요소에 대해 정의하고 개념적 모델을 설계하고자 한다.에게 청구되며, 소비자에게 전송 되는 청구서는 사용자DB를 참조하여 사용자가 미리 정의한 원하는 형태로 변환되어 전달되며, 필요시 암호화 과정을 거치는 것이 가능해야 한다. 전송된 청구서는 전자우편의 경우, 암호해독이 가능한 전용 브라우저를 통해 열람 되며, 이는 다시 전용 브라우저를 통해 지불인증이 승인되어 청구 제시서버에게 전송된다. EBPP 시스템의 제어 흐름은 크게 기업이 청구 정보를 소비자에게 제시하는 흐름과 소비자의 지불 승인으로 인해 기업이 은행에 지불을 요구하는 흐름으로 구분할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 통합 청구서버 및 정구 제시서버의 역할 및 구성 요소들에 대해 서술하고, EBPP 시스템과 연동하여야 하는 메일 서버와의 상호 작용에 대해 서술할 것이다. 본 시스템을 아직 구현이 되지 않은 관계로 시스템의 성능 등의 수치적 결과를 제시할 수 없는 상태다., 취약계층을 위한 일차의료, 의약관리), ${\circled}2$ 보건소 조직 개편 및 민간의료기관과 협력체계 확립, ${\circled}3$ 전문인력 확보 및 인력구성 조정, 그리고 ${\circled}4$ 방문보건사업의 강화 등이다., 대사(代謝)와 관계(關係)있음을 시사(示唆)해 주고 있다.ble nutrient (TDN) was highest in booting stage (59.7%); however no significant difference was foun

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 1999.12a
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• pp.209-218
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• 1999

처방전달시스템은 처방의 수행은 의사가, 그에 따른 의약품조제는 약사가 수행함으로써 의약품의 오․남용을 방지하기 위한 의약분업의 실시에 따른 국민불편의 최소화와 약화사고에 따른 인증문제 등을 지원하기 위한 정보시스템이다. 처방전달시스템은 환자 개인정보의 허용된 범위 내에서의 공유와 공유를 위한 각종 개인정보 보호장치, 처방의 안전한 전달을 위한 내용의 비밀보장과 위변조방지 및 송신자와 수신자의 인증을 위한 장치가 필수적으로 필요하다. 또한 자료의 생명주기 측면에서 본다면, 처방전의 생성은 병․의원에서 이루어지며 소멸은 약국 및 환자에의해 이루어진다. 자료의 유통과정에 살펴보면 처방전달시스템의 주요성공요인은 정보의 생산자인 병․의원(의사)의 적극적인 정보제공의지와 이를 지원하는 편리한 정보시스템의 구축이라고 할 수 있다. 정보의 생산자인 병․의원 정보시스템 환경은 다양하고 복잡하기 때문에 기존의 애플리케이션을 이용하면서 처방의 전송을 위해서는 기존 애플리케이션 및 플랫폼에 독립적이며 자료의 적합한 취합과 통합이 가능하도록 지원하는 시스템이 필요하다. 처방전달 메시징시스템은 이러한 복합적인 정보시스템 환경을 지원하며 동시에 처방정보의 안전한 전달을 위해 플랫폼으로 실행될 수 있는 시스템을 말한다. 또한 처방의 비교적 짧은 생명주기와 지역적 생산, 유통구조를 적합하게 지원하기 위해 지역별 독립시스템의 구축과 공통정보 활용을 위한 중앙시스템과의 역할분담 모델에 근거한 분산시스템의 구축이 요구된다. 본 연구에서의 처방전달 메시징시스템은 일반적인 메시지서비스의 특성을 기본으로 자료전달을 위해 자료 암호화와 복호화, 송신자와 수신자에 대한 인증 및 자료접근 제한기능을 제공하며 각 클라이언트와 서버간의 실시간 연결 혹은 지연연결을 지원하는 독립적인 애플리케이션이다. 이러한 처방전달 메시징시스템을 구성하는 각 요소에 대해 정의하고 개념적 모델을 설계하고자 한다.에게 청구되며, 소비자에게 전송 되는 청구서는 사용자DB를 참조하여 사용자가 미리 정의한 원하는 형태로 변환되어 전달되며, 필요시 암호화 과정을 거치는 것이 가능해야 한다. 전송된 청구서는 전자우편의 경우, 암호해독이 가능한 전용 브라우저를 통해 열람 되며, 이는 다시 전용 브라우저를 통해 지불인증이 승인되어 청구 제시서버에게 전송된다. EBPP 시스템의 제어 흐름은 크게 기업이 청구 정보를 소비자에게 제시하는 흐름과 소비자의 지불 승인으로 인해 기업이 은행에 지불을 요구하는 흐름으로 구분할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 통합 청구서버 및 정구 제시서버의 역할 및 구성 요소들에 대해 서술하고, EBPP 시스템과 연동하여야 하는 메일 서버와의 상호 작용에 대해 서술할 것이다. 본 시스템을 아직 구현이 되지 않은 관계로 시스템의 성능 등의 수치적 결과를 제시할 수 없는 상태다., 취약계층을 위한 일차의료, 의약관리), ${\circled}2$ 보건소 조직 개편 및 민간의료기관과 협력체계 확립, ${\circled}3$ 전문인력 확보 및 인력구성 조정, 그리고 ${\circled}4$ 방문보건사업의 강화 등이다., 대사(代謝)와 관계(關係)있음을 시사(示唆)해 주고 있다.ble nutrient (TDN) was highest in booting stage (59.7%); however no significant difference was found among other stages. The concentrations of Ca and P were not different among mature stages. According to these results, the yellow ripe period is appropriate to harvest the whole crop rice for forage considering dry matter yields,

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.278-290
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• 2018

This investigation reviewed 74 studies related to pregnancy and childbirth of married immigrant women that were selected from national dissertations and others in journals released in the past 10 years from 2007 that were identified using http://www.riss.kr. Analysis on the trend of research was done through result variances used in academic fields, planning researches, main themes and mediative studies. Of the 74 studies, 28 were national dissertations (38.6%) and 46 were articles in academic journals (61.4%), 37 of which were performed by nursing departments (50.0%). Additionally, 45 were quantitative (60.8%) and 29 were qualitative (39.2%) and descriptive research, and 22 in total(29.9%) took the most of the part of quantitative research. Key concepts were categorized into nursing, environment, health, and humans, which are the paradigms of nursing, while papers in all other categories were categorized as etc. Most themes of research were based on social psychological aspects of the health domain and the human domain. Among the eight mediative research studies, seven focused on postnatal married immigrant women and the remaining one focused on postnatal married immigrant women and infants. In the categorized research planning quantitative research took larger part than qualitative research and in quantitative research descriptive study took larger part than experimental research. In the case of experimental research, studies usually focused on married immigrant women who had experienced pregnancy and childbirth. Overall, the results indicated that development and provision of new nursing mediation programs are needed, not only for married immigrant women, but also for their families.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.21-36
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine perceived supervisory satisfaction depending on the type of supervision. Twenty-six music therapy graduate students who enrolled in a practicum course participated in this study. All participants received four individual and four group supervision sessions over the course of the semester. After each supervision session, participants were asked to rate their satisfaction with supervision on the Supervisory Satisfactory Questionnaire(SSQ). Results showed that there was no significant difference in the mean ratings between individual and group supervision conditions, indicating that the type of supervision would not differently affect the perception of overall supervisory satisfaction. However, a detailed analysis of ratings for each questionnaire item and comments from the participants imply that while individual supervision would be perceived to meet supervisees' individual needs more effectively, satisfaction with group supervision would be less influenced by supervisor styles. This study would provide descriptive information of perceived satisfaction with supervision type as an initial trial toward suggesting the systematic approach to the music therapy supervision format. Further studies are needed to investigate how effective and culturally responsive supervision format would be structured to facilitate supervision process and maximize supervision outcome.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.425-436
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• 2003

Integrated approach is presented by developing the technology and the ways of the practical use of the integrated digital map of and Electronical Navigational Chart (ENC) and Digital Terrain Map (DTM) for the effective and scientific based conservation, development and management of coastal area in this study. At first as preliminary studies to make eventual integrated maps, the necessity of the integrated map is described with the concept of coastal areas. Then, the characteristics of digital maps developed by Korean Geography Institute and National Marine Investigation Institute are carefully analyzed and integrated to a digital map as a test for edge matching in coastal line. Developed test coastal map was overlayed with a high-resolution satellite image (KVR-1000). The ground survey using Global Positioning System was conducted for the analysis of edge matching along the coastal line. Results from the edge matching analysis of coastal lines showed about 14 meters mean difference in artificial terrain and 4 meters mean difference in natural terrain. The problems, causes and solutions for the edge-matched differences are described. Furthermore, the value of utilization, the future use and various fields of application produced by the integrated digital map database are suggested as a basis for ICZM implementation in South Korea.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.323-334
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• 2003

This study is focused on subjective images that are produced before visualization in the digital information environment and on characteristics of objective, dynamic image expression that specifies the subjective images. In this study, the visual world that works in the action of "see"is expanded into vision of eyes, vision of brain, and vision of camera. Also we have redefined the definitions of image and its materialized image, yeongsang. It is defined that image contains a strong meaning of consciousness and mind, and that yeongsang involves vision in which constantly changing information of light is created and reproduced by physical processes. We made it clear that image expression in the 21 st century is becoming more generalized, simplified, and concentrated, by the digital technology, from existing specific non-real images to "informationalized" non-real images. This means that there exists an intrinsic difference in the expressional form of the modern analog environment and that of the recent digital environment in the area of yeongsang communication. Along with development of technology, image information raises plastic reality through indirect experience in the virtual space by expanding the sensual faculty of human. However, there also is a tendency for humans to rely more on technology instead of utilizing their creative faculty. Image expression by“the digital information environment” in the 21st century will pursue two sides; one is to shift from external expression of the human body in the cyber space to internal expression, and the other is to internalize the image world and make it connected worldwide. Further research is necessary in these fields.ary in these fields.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.509-519
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• 2018

This is a correlational study to investigate the degree of expectation regarding aging, depression and health promotion lifestyle and to identify the factors influencing health promotion lifestyle among health checkup examinee. The subjects of the study were 143 health checkup examinee who visited the M medical center located in G Metropolitan city. Data were collected from July 5 to 21, 2016 using the structured questionnaire of self-report form. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical regression. As a result, health promoting lifestyle were correlated with expectation regarding aging positively, and with depression negatively. The factors influencing the health promotion lifestyle were education level, perceived health status, time to move to health care facilities, expectation regarding aging, and depression. With controlled general characteristics, the level of health promotion lifestyle was better explained by the addition of the independent variables of expectation regarding aging, and depression, and the explanatory power of the final model was calculated as 27.0%. Therefore, in order to improve health-promoting lifestyle, it is necessary to consider cognitive factors (knowledge, expectation regarding aging) and psychological factor (depression) besides physical approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.407-414
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• 2015

Interest points are generally located at the pixels where height changes occur. So, interest points can be the significant pixels for DSM generation, and these have the important role to generate accurate and reliable matching results. Manual operation is widely used to extract the interest points and to match stereo satellite images using these for generating height information, but it causes economic and time consuming problems. Thus, a tie point extraction method using Harris-affine technique and SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform) descriptors was suggested to analyze height information of buildings in this study. Interest points on buildings were extracted by Harris-affine technique, and tie points were collected efficiently by SIFT descriptors, which is invariant for scale. Searching window for each interest points was used, and direction of tie points pairs were considered for more efficient tie point extraction method. Tie point pairs estimated by proposed method was used to analyze height information of buildings. The result had RMSE values less than 2m comparing to the height information estimated by manual method.