• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.129-138
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• 2006

Helicopter-borne aeromagnetic surveys at two different times separated by three years were conducted to better understand the shallow subsurface structure of the Vulcano and Lipari volcanic complex, Aeolian Islands, southern Italy, and also to monitor the volcanic activity of the area. As there was no meaningful difference between the two magnetic datasets to imply an apparent change of the volcanic activity, the datasets were merged to produce an aeromagnetic map with wider coverage than was given by a single dataset. Apparent magnetisation intensity mapping was applied to terrain-corrected magnetic anomalies, and showed local magnetisation highs in and around Fossa Cone, suggesting heterogeneity of the cone. Magnetic modelling was conducted for three of those magnetisation highs. Each model implied the presence of concealed volcanic products overlain by pyroclastic rocks from the Fossa crater. The model for the Fossa crater area suggests a buried trachytic lava flow on the southern edge of the present crater. The magnetic model at Forgia Vecchia suggests that phreatic cones can be interpreted as resulting from a concealed eruptive centre, with thick latitic lavas that fill up Fossa Caldera. However, the distribution of lavas seems to be limited to a smaller area than was expected from drilling results. This can be explained partly by alteration of the lavas by intense hydrothermal activity, as seen at geothermal areas close to Porto Levante. The magnetic model at the north-eastern Fossa Cone implies that thick lavas accumulated as another eruption centre in the early stage of the activity of Fossa. Recent geoelectric surveys showed high-resistivity zones in the areas of the last two magnetic models.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.98-109
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• 2007

Over the last twenty years, farmers in Western Australia have begun to change land management practices to minimise the effects of salinity to agricultural land. A farm plan is often used as a guide to implement changes. Most plans are based on minimal data and an understanding of only surface water flow. Thus farm plans do not effectively address the processes that lead to land salinisation. A project at Broomehill in the south-west of Western Australia applied an approach using a large suite of geospatial data that measured surface and subsurface characteristics of the regolith. In addition, other data were acquired, such as information about the climate and the agricultural history. Fundamental to the approach was the collection of airborne geophysical data over the study area. This included radiometric data reflecting soils, magnetic data reflecting bedrock geology, and SALTMAP electromagnetic data reflecting regolith thickness and conductivity. When interpreted, these datasets added paddock-scale information of geology and hydrogeology to the other datasets, in order to make on-farm and in-paddock decisions relating directly to the mechanisms driving the salinising process. The location and design of surface-water management structures such as grade banks and seepage interceptor banks was significantly influenced by the information derived from the airborne geophysical data. To evaluate the effectiveness ofthis planning., one whole-farm plan has been monitored by the Department of Agriculture and the farmer since 1996. The implemented plan shows a positive cost-benefit ratio, and the farm is now in the top 5% of farms in its regional productivity benchmarking group. The main influence of the airborne geophysical data on the farm plan was on the location of earthworks and revegetation proposals. There had to be a hydrological or hydrogeological justification, based on the site-specific data, for any infrastructure proposal. This approach reduced the spatial density of proposed works compared to other farm plans not guided by site-specific hydrogeological information.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.556-560
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• 1999

Background: The cause of spontaneous pneumothorax is not yet but it is certain that intrathoracic air comes from ruptured bulla. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) or open thoracotomy is recommended for thoracic incision in recurrent pneumothorax. However, recurrent rate after bullectomy with the VATS is very high compared to mini-thoracotomy, 3% to 20% and below 2%, respectively. Material and Method: This retrospective analysis was performed on 16 re-operated cases among 446 surgically treated pneumothorax of the 737 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax diagnosed at Yongdong Severance Hospital from Nov. 1992 to June 1997. Result: Among the 446 surgically-treated patients in 737 case of spontaneous pneumothorax, 16 patients underwent re-operation, showing a 3.5% re-operation rate. Male-to-female ratio was 15 to 1 and mean age at initial attack was 20.2 years(ranging from 15 to 50). Mean hospital stay was 6.34 days(ranging from 2 to 20 days) and mean chest tube indwelling period was 4.2 days(ranging from 1-10 days). Median follow-up was 46 months(range 10-66 months). Three different surgical methods were applied : video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VAST) in 281 cases, of whom 2 underwent local anesthesia; subaxillary mini-thoracotomy in 159 cases and limited lateral thoracotomy in the remaining 6 cases. Three different re-operative surgical methods were applied ; video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VAST) in 6 cases, subaxillary mini-thoracotomy in 9 cases, and limited lateral thoracotomy in the remaining 1 case. The underlying etiological factors of the recurrent pneumothorax after bullectomy were o erlooking type(9) and new growing type(7). Mean recurrent period from previous operation was 1 month for overlooking type and 18 months for new growing type. Conclusion: The underlying etiological factors of recurrent pneumothorax lead to re-operation were new-growing and over-looking type. We need additional treatments besides resecting blebs of prevent the recurrence rate and more gentle handling with forceps due to less damage to the pleura.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.579-583
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• 1999

Background: Thoracic sympathicotomy has been used safely and successfully to manage palmar hyperhidrosis. The preoperative and postoperative recording of Sympathetic Skin Responses(SSR) was performed for objective evaluation and follow-up of thoracic sympathicotomy in hyperhidrosis patients, and also for ascertaining the clinical usefullness of SSR. Material and Method: The recording of SSR was performed on 15 patients suffering from palmar hyperhidrosis with Medelec Sapphire Plus electromyogragh before and after thoracic sympathicotomy. Eletrical stimuli on the right median nerve was made in patients in supine position and results were recorded on right and left palms with soles at the same time by 4 channels. Skin temperatures were also monitored simultaneously. T2,3 sympathicotomy was performed with VATS in every patients. SSR was done in 2 patients one month later. Result: Clinically, all patients had symptomatic improvement with satisfaction. Postoperative complication was small amount of residual pneumothorax in 5 patients but it was absorbed sponteneously. There was no recurrence during follow-up period and ten patients(66%) complained compensatory hyperhidrosis. After operation, SSR change was shown in every 15 patients. Abolition of SSR on both palms was achieved in 12 patients(80%) and on both soles in 6 patients. In the other 3 patients, the latencies were significantly delayed and the amplitudes were significantly reduced at both palms and soles. In two patients who were examined at one month later after operation, similar results with postoperative SSRs were shown. The skin temperature on preoperative both palm and sole were lower than normal temperature, and those on postoperative both palm and sole were increased. Those had statistical significance(p<0.05), and the temperature on the palm was increased higher that than on the sole. Conclusion: After thoracic sympathicotomy was performed on palmar hyperhidrosis patients, an increment of skin temperatures and SSR changes were achieved at both palms and soles of all patients. Palmar SSRs were completely abolished in 12 patients(80%), and similar results of postoperative SSRs were achieved. The recording of SSR may be useful to easily and objectively assess the completeness of sympathicotomy and the follow-up of recurrence in hyperhidrosis patients.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.643-664
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• 2004

This study aims to review what geographers have contributed to GIS industries and national needs. To-be-geographers and geographers are expected to meet the gap between what we have teamed in school and what we have to do after graduation. The characteristics of GIS industry in the 1990 are summarized with approximate evaluation of the contribution of geographers in each stage. Author introduced the requirement for the licenses of geomatics and geospatial engineering experts and the other licenses, which are important to get a job in GIS industry from 2003 to 2004. A set of questionnaire on the user's requirements was given to GIS people in private companies and public GIS research centers and analyzed. Author found that they put an emphasis on hands-on experiences and programming skills. no advantages or geography such as capability or integration and inter-disciplinary collaboration were not appreciated. The prospects for the GIS tend to be positive but the reflectance of the prospect was not accompanied by at the same degree of preference for geography. Most government strategies for the next ten years' GIS focus on new-growth leading industries. SWOT(strength, weakness, opportunity, threat) analysis of geography for GIS industry will give some directions such as telematics, regional marketing strategies with web-based GIS technology, location based service. That means intra-disciplinary study in geography will evoke the potentiality of GIS, compared with interdisciplinary studies.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of glide path on canal centering ratio after instrumentation with different single file systems; WaveOne and Reciproc. Reciproc R25 (VDW), WaveOne Primary (Dentsply Maillefer) and PathFile #13, 16, 19 (Dentsply Maillefer) were used in this study. In no glide path groups, Reciproc files and WaveOne files used for canal preparation without glide path. In glide path groups, the PathFile were used before canal preparation. Methylene blue dye was introduced into the canal to obtain a clear pre-instrumentation image. Pre-instrumentation images and post-instrumentation images were scanned using Epson Perfection V700 Photo scanner (Epson, Nagano, Japan). Transparencies of post-instrumentation images were changed and superimposed on pre-instrumentation images using Adobe Photoshop CS 3 (Adobe Systems Incorporated, San Jose, CA, USA). The centering ratio was calculated for each instrumented canal using the following formula: CR=|X1-X2|/Y. It was statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA at 95% confidential level. The centering ratio in glide path groups were significant less than it in no glide path groups at 3, 4, 5 and 6 mm level. Except 1 and 6 mm level, WaveOne groups had significant less centering ration than Reciproc groups. At 6 mm level, there was no significant difference between WaveOne and Reciproc. In the limitation of this study, creation of a previous glide path before reciprocating motion instrumentation in curved canal appears to be appropriate and WaveOne system can be used for preparation of curved canal without severe aberrations.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 1995

Background: Endobronchial tuberculosis is classified into 7 subtypes as fibrostenotic type, edematous-hyperemic type, actively caseating type, tumorous type, ulcerative type, granular type and nonspecific bronchitic type by bronchoscopic features, and we make a prospective study to follow up how bronchoscopic findings change during treatment-course in each subtype of active endobronchial tuberculosis. Methods: We planned to do follow-up bronchoscopic examination every month until there was no significant change in endobronchial lesion, then every 3 months and at the end of the treatment in each patient with biopsy proven endobronchial tuberculosis from May, 1990 to August, 1993. Results: 1) This study included 66 cases, but bronchoscopic follow-up was completed as scheduled in 47 cases. 2) In actively caseating and edematous-hyperemic type, bronchostenosis occurred within 2 or 3 months of treatment in about 2/3 of total cases. 3) In fibrostenotic type, bronchostenosis did not improve in spite of the treatment. 4) In tumorous type, the changes in bronchoscopic findings were unpredictable because new lesions occured on other sites even 4 or 6 months after treatment in 2 cases and the size of initial mass increased 6 months after treatment in 1 case (among 7 cases). 5) Granular and nonspecific bronchitic type improved without significant sequelae within 2 or 3 months of treatment. Conclusion: It may be necessary to follow up the patient with bronchoscopy repeatedly 2 or 3 months after starting treatment in active endobronchial tuberculosis, and it is better to perform bronchoscopic examination at 6 months of treatment, especially in patients with tumorous type because there is possibility that new endobronchial lesion occurs. Aggressive therapeutic modalities such as stent-insertion, laser therapy or electrocautery should be considered to prevent bronchostenosis in cases with granulation tissue, fibrostenotic and tumorous types of endobronchial tuberculosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 1996

Background: The extraction methods of DNA from clinical samples are the major obstacle to use the PCR(polymerase Chain Reaction) in routine labortary for early detection of M. tuberculosis. We tried to improve the extraction method of DNA from sputum for establishment of the PCR in routine labortary by reducing the possibility of cross contamination and performing it easily and safely. Methods: We used the $InstaGene^{TM}$ DNA extraction kit(BioRad Co.) using Chelex 100 ion exchange resin for preparation of DNA. We compared InstaGene method in 100 cases of sputum from proteinase K method which is known as the most commonly used method for DNA purification(Experiment 1). And we compared InstaGene method in 98 cases of sputum from Microwave method developed by a company in Korea(Experiment 2). In experiment 1,245bps of IS6110 were amplified and then 188bps were amplified by nested PCR. In experiment 2,536bps in primary PCR and 276bps in nested PCR were amplified and analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis and EtBr staining. Results: When we chose AFB smear, culture, or AFB smear and culture as a standard test, PCR had low specificity and positive predictive value in both experiments. The InstaGene method has higher value in sensitivity and negative predictive value significantly than proteinase K method. The InstaGene method and the Microwave methods were similar in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Conclusion: Even though both methods had lower possibility of cross contamination, shorter time requirement, simplicity, and economic advantages than Proteinase K method, the InstaGene method was a little simpler than the Microwave method. Therefore, in terms of usefulness in clinical application, the Instagene method seems to be the most useful method in DNA extraction for detection of M. tuberculosis using PCR. The reliability of this method will be clarified by further studies with enough clinical samples.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.668-675
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• 2001

Background : Non-smalll lung cancer(NSCLC) develops as a result of the accumulation of multiple genetic abnormalities. Loss of heterozygosity(LOH) is one of the most frequent genetic alterations that is found in NSCLC, and the chromosomal regions that display a high rate of LOH are thought to harbor tumor suppressor genes(TSGs). This study was done to determine the frequency of LOH in 21q with the aim of identifying potential TSG loci. Method : Thirty-nine surgically resected NSCLCs were analysed. Patients peripheral lymphocytes were used as the source of the normal DNA. Five microsatellite Inarkers of 21q were used to study LOH : 21q21.1(D21S1432, and D21S1994); 21q21.2-21.3(D21S1442) ; 21q22.1(21S1445) ; and 21q22.2-22.3(D21S266). The fractional allelic loss(FAL) in a tumor was calculated as the ratio of the number of markers showing LOH to the number of informative markers. Result : LOH for at least one locus was detected in 21 of 39 tumors(53.8%). Among the 21 tumors with LOH, 5(21.8%) showed LOH at almost all informative loci. Although statistically not significant, LOH was found more frequently in squamous cell carcinomas(15 of 23, 65.2%) than in adenocarcinomas(6 of 16, 37.5%). In the squamous cell carcinomas the frequency of LOH was higher in stage II-III (80.0%) than in stage I (53.8%). The FAL value in squamous cell carcinomas($0.431{\pm}0.375$) was significantly higher than that found in adenocarcinomas($0.l92{\pm}0.276$). Conclusion : These results suggest that LOH on 21q may be involved in the development of NSCLC, and that TSG(s) that contribute to the pathogenesis of NSCLC may exist on 21q.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1030-1036
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• 2008

In Korea, many types of traditional grape wine have existed starting from seven hundred years ago and horse-blossom-like-grape (mayu-podo) was mainly cultivated. Korean traditional wine (KTW) was manufactured by a unique method in which grape juice-added porridge made from glutinous rice was fermented by nuruk as a starter for brewing. Unfortunately, KTW making was discontinued in 20th century; thus, restoration of Korean wine culture is needed. KTWs were prepared by four traditional methods, and their qualities were compared to commercial wine made by sugaring grape juice. Ethyl alcohol contents, total acidity, pH and amino acid of the four KTWs were $9.2{\sim}11.2%$, $0.93{\sim}1.20\;mg$/100 mL, $3.02{\sim}3.48$ and $0.80{\sim}0.88\;mg$/100 mL respectively. The KTWs showed higher values in total acidity and amino acid than those of commercial grape wine. KTWs were rich in maltose, acetic acid and lactic acid. L, a and b value in Hunter's color value ranged $3.59{\sim}3.69$, $20.63{\sim}38.06$, and $1.20{\sim}1.56$, respectively. Sensory quality properties in color, flavor, taste and overall of KTWs were not different from commercial dry wine. Contents of total phenolic compounds and free radical scavenging activity using DPPH of KTWs were $599.6{\sim}652.2\;mg$/100 mL and $50.59{\sim}56.75%$, respectively.