• CHINESE LITERATURE
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• v.98
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• pp.127-148
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• 2019

明初說教劇 《五倫全備記》的評價, 一直有毀譽參半, 否定意見更多. 1994年本人報告韓國奎章 閣圖書館本而引起討論, 但之後沒有更多材料進一步說明問題而討論也停止下來了. 但最近又發現 新材料, 可以澄清久擱著的丘濬 《五倫全備記》一案了. 根據新發現的兩個版本包括一篇序和凡例 三條半及一篇跋, 可以說明 《五倫全備記》是在景泰元年庚午年(1450)丘濬三十歲時南京寓言軒為 '世教'採用南戲形式而創作的. 第一次印行早在丘濬在世時, 後來經青錢父者亦在庚午(1510)改編付 與演出和印行, 再後的庚午(1570)張情不但說出該劇演出的信息, 還假錄此改編本并寫序肯定 '化民 成俗之意'. 傳播到朝鮮的就是后兩個本子, 都是改編本系統. 早期接受的方式是傳抄及改寫成小 說, 嘉靖初被選為譯官們的漢語教科書, 屢次被刻印, 因此留存幾種版本, 還被翻譯出版 《五倫全備 諺解》. 本文通過對 《五倫全備記》的創作、改編到傳播接受問題的澄清, 確認了 《五倫全備記》的 作者爲丘濬, 又說明了這文人的南戲劇本為適應觀眾而經過改編, 得到舞台生命的經過, 及傳播到 朝鮮之後的接受情況. 希望本文對久在缺如的中國戲劇史中明初部分增加認識有所幫助.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 1994

Nitric oxide(NO) has recently been shown to play an important role on central nervous system(CNS) function in mammals. It is synthesized from L-arginine by the enzyme NO synthase. In this study, we examined this enzyme's existence in CNS of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) and described the forms of microglia. astrocytes. and oligodendrocytes. Two forms of microglia are distributed in CNS. one resembling their mammalian counterpart(large microglia : LM). and the other comprising small microglia(SM) with very little cytoplasm. CNS contained astrocytes of a distinct type which form reticular network, but lack connections to capillaries. The oligodendrocyte was generally a much denser cell than the astrocyte. We have detected NOS($1.04{\pm}0.12\;pg/min/mg$) from rainbow trout CNS. It could be inhibited reversibly or irreversibly by $N^{G}MMA$ and EGTA. These result suggest that the formation of NO from L-arginine in CNS is calcium-dependent and a pathway of early evolutionary orgin.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.23
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• pp.281-312
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to examine various life conditions of actors of Joseon periods in unofficial historical stories. Yadam Literature(Korean unofficial historical stories) had been collected Sadaebu(the past Korean nobility and Confucian intelligentsia) among the people that stories had been handed down orally. and they had been wrote them. So Yadam Literature was heterozygous between the folk culture and the ruling class. And it was mixed and adapted legends and folktales, adding literary imagination. had a decisive role to cultivating novel that owed much to prosaic inspiration during A. D. 18~19. Besides, set a high value on excellent novel itself. Yadam Literature had a verisimilitude because it described a contemporary reality as it was founded on freely prosaic inspiration. In those days, so called Suchok and Seunggwangdae had performed Uhee(a comic theatrical performance) in Joseon periods. Suchok was the lowest class of people and Seunggwangdae was performing Buddhist monk in that time. Uhee had performed three kinds of comedies. One satirized and insinuated kings. Other satirized corrupt officials, too. Another had mimic everything. It is famous at that time as a king knew repertoire. Confucian scholars very were fond of Uhee in those ages. Because they favored a criticism of Uhee's satire. They thought that it gave people good lesson or instruction. Heri Bergson said that comic and Humor included lesson. At that time, those thought were universal in the world whether east or west. At any rate, I classify six kinds of types Uhee in Yadam Literature. First, satirizing and accusing corrupt officials. Second, an actor who use a satire in order to appeal secure a government position of his lord to a king. Third, shamans and actors who use a satire in order to appeal sufferings themselves to a king. Forth, actors and performing Buddhist monks that skillfully mimic anything. Fifth, describing actor's extremely miserable life. Sixth, wit and humor of actors. The contents of Uhee were various. Korean traditional actors adeptly dealt with aspects comic of wit, satire, humor, etc. Sometimes they used changeable transition them. By doing that, a great number of people enjoyed fully the sense of freedom. Korean traditional actors were the lowest class of people. They had lived extremely miserable life. But they had been exist as actions, interactions, and relationship in society those days. they were not only open to people, but also might foster community to peoples.