• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.100-104
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• 1998

The antimutagenic activity of a methanol extract of roasted Cassia tora seed against aflatoxin $B_1(AFB_1)$ was demonstrated with the Salmonella typhimurium assay. The numbers of revertants per plate decreased significantly when this extract was added to the assay system using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and or TA98. The MeOH extract was then sequentially partitioned with $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$. The $CH_2Cl_2$ and n-BuOH fractions possessed antimutagenic activity, but the EtOAc and $H_2O$ fractions were inactive. Both the MeOH extract and its fractions were capable of inhibiting the indirect-acting mutagen $AFB_1$, suggesting that these fractions may prevent the metabolic activation of $AFB_1$, or scavenge the electrophilic intermediate capable of inducing mutations. Column chromatography using silica gel yielded pure alaternin from the $CH_2Cl_2$ a fraction, and adenosine and isorubrofusarin gentiobioside from the n-BuOH fraction. Alaternin and isorubrofusarin gentiobioside demonstrated significant antimutagenic activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 1993

The methanol extracts of perilla leaves reduced the mutagenicities mediated by of aflatoxin B$_1$(AFB$_1$), 3-amino-l-methyl-5H-pyrido (4,3-b) indole (Trp-P-2) and Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)p) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The methanol extracts were more fractionated, and the fractions of hexane and butanol revealed the antimutagenic activities against AFB$_1$ and B(a)p. The production of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased when the methanol extracts of perilla leaves were added to the system. The significantly higher antioxidative activity was observed in the butanol fraction. 2-Propyl furan, ethanedioic acid, dibutyl ester, benzaldehyde, 2-methyl-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-propanoic acid and octahydro-3a-methyl-2H-inden-2-one were identified tentatively as major compounds from the butanol fraction.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2008

A study was conducted to determine the effect of alcohol-fermented feedstuff formulated with byproducts on the fermentation characteristics and dry matter disappearance in the rumen. Dietary treatments were either a soybean curd-based alcohol-fermented feedstuff(AFS) and brewery grain-based alcohol-fermented feedstuff(AFB). The AFS and AFB are composed of 50% commercial beef cattle feed, 50% soybean curd dreg, 5% molasses and 0.5% yeast, and 25% commercial beef cattle feed, 25% brewery grain, 25% soybean curd dreg, 25% corn grit, 5% molasses and 0.5% yeast, respectively. The ruminally cannualted Korean cattle were utilized to investigate the change of ammonia, pH alcohol, volatile fatty acids, and DM digestibility at 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 hr after feeding. The rumen ammonia concentrations were significantly lower in AFS and AFB with incubation time, especially at 6 hr incubation(AFS, 0.7 mg/dl; AFB, 1.5 mg/dl; control 2.5 mg/dl). Lower rumen pH was observed in AFS and AFB during the early stage of incubation, but no significant difference was found at late stage of incubation. The total VFA concentrations were not affected by diet treatments at 2 hr incubation time, but the concentration significantly decreased after that. The dry matter disappearance was significantly lower in AFS and AFB during the early stage of incubation. However, the dry matter disappearance of AFS and AFB was similar to that of control during the late stage of incubation. It is concluded that the industrial byproducts such as soybean curd dreg and brewery grain were effective materials to make an alcohol fermented feedstuffs and resulted in better fermentation characteristics in the rumen when both were applied to Hanwoo.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 1990

A total of 48 cases of tuberculous lesion in the lymph nodes (43 cases), lung (3 cases) and soft tissue (2 cases), was subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 77 year-old (average 33.6 years in age) and the male to female ratio was 1 : 4. Thirty-four cases (70.8%) demonstrated distinct granulomatous reaction with or without caseation necrosis, nine cases (18.8%) showed no granulomas, but large amount of necrotic debris with numerous polymorphonuclear cells and histiocytes, and five cases (10.4%) revealed acellular material only. The overall AFB positivity in smears was 62.5%. In areas associated with granulomatous reaction and necrosis, AFB positivity was 55.8%, while it was 80.0% in cases with acellular necrotic material. There were 2 cases of parasitic infestation which could not be easily differentiated from tuberculosis based on aspiration smears only.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1368-1373
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• 2007

Inhibitory effects of several solvent fractions from soybean on mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 in Ames test and growth of human cancer cells (AGS gastric adenocarcinoma, Hep 3B hepatocellular cancinoma and HT-29 colon cancer cells) were studied. The treatment of dichloromethane and ethylacetate fractions (2.5 mg/assay) extracted from soybean to Ames test system inhibited aflatoxin $B_1\;(AFB_1)$ induced mutagenicity by 83%, respectively, and showed a higher antimutagenic effect than other solvent fractions. In case of N-methyl-N#-nitro-N-nitrosoguamidine (MNNG) induced mutagenicity, the ethylacetate fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect (by 67%) among solvent extracts, although the inhibitory effect was not stronger compared with $AFB_1$ induced mutagenicity. In sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, the treatment of ethylacetate fraction (2 mg/assay) significantly inhibited the growth of AGS, Hep 3B and HT-29 cancer cells by 66%, 73% and 77%, respectively, followed with the intermediate and dichloromethane fractions. These results indicated that soybean fraction extracted with ethylacetate had higher inhibitory effects on $AFB_1$ and MNNG in Ames test and growth inhibition activity to human cancer cells was appeared, suggesting that soybean fraction extracted with ethylacetate may contain the biologically active compounds.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2016

Tuberculosis (TB) remains an unsolved community health problem since identification of its causing microorganism called Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by Robert Koch in 1882. Annually, eight million TB cases are newly reported and 2~3 million patients die from TB. Pulmonary TB is highly infectious and untreated pulmonary TB patients are believed to infect >10 people in a year. The conventional methods for diagnosis of TB are chest X-ray and isolation of the causing microorganisms from patient specimens. Screening of TB is conducted with smeared sputum in slides, and TB is confirmed by identification of MTB in cultured specimens. One of the fatal pitfalls of screening detection for smeared sputum is that it is impossible to distinguish MTB and other acid-fast bacilli (AFB) because they are stained equally with Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain. Culture of MTB is the most reliable method for diagnosis of TB but it takes 4~8 weeks. In this report, we suggest a fast and highly-reliable MTB detection method that distinguishes AFB in sputum samples. Purified DNA from the AFB stained slide samples offered by The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis were used to detect infected MTB in patients. PCR, real-time PCR and reverse blot hybridization assay (REBA) methods were applied to purified DNA. Conclusively, the real-time PCR method was confirmed to produce high sensitivity and we were able to further detect drug-resistant MTB with REBA.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 2008

ZnO nanotips, grown on c-$Al_2O_3$ and quartz, were implanted variously with 200 keV Fe or Mn ions to a dose level of $5{\times}10^{16}cm^{-2}$. The magnetic properties of these samples were measured using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. Fe-implanted ZnO nanotips grown on c-$Al_2O_3$ showed a coercive field width of 209 Oe and a remanent field of 12% of the saturation magnetization ($2.3{\times}10^{-5}emu$) at 300K for a sample annealed at $700^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes. The field-cooled and the zero-field-cooled magnetization measurements also showed evidence of ferromagnetism in this sample with an estimated Curie temperature of around 350 K. The Mn-implanted ZnO nanotips grown on c-$Al_2O_3$ showed superparamagnetism resulting from the dominance of a spin-glass phase. The ZnO nanotips grown on quartz and implanted with Fe or Mn showed signs of ferromagnetism, but neither was consistent.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.203-207
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• 1996

Methanol extract of dried persimmon leaves was refractionated using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, n-butanol aqueous fractions. Among these chloroform fraction showed the highest inhibition rate on the mutagenicities of aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁) and 3,2' -dimethyl-4-amino-bipheny1(DMAB) in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. Chloroform fraction was further fractionated into eight fractions by silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography(TLC). The fraction 5 on TLC exhibited the highest antimutagenic activities in AFB₁and DMAB. 2,4-Decadienal, dihydro-4-methyl-2(3H)-furanone, hexanoic acid 1,4-bis(1-methy1 ethy1)benzene, heptanoic acid, phenol, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid and benzoic acid were tentatively identified from this antimutagenic fraction by GC-MS.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.80-83
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• 1997

The methanol extract of aerial part of Angelica keiskei Koidzumi exhibited a strong antimutagenic activity against aflatoxin $B_1\;(AFB_1)$. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA100. Cynaroside, isolated front ethylacetate fraction of the methanol extract Over silica gel, inhibited the mutagenicity of $AFB_1$ with an inhibition value of 96% at 1.0 mg/plate concentration and 87% at 0.5 mg/plate concentration. Other compounds, hyperoside, sucrose and luteolin-7-rutinoside, isolated from ethylactate or n-butanol fraction, also showed antimutagenic effect.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.645-652
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• 2006

Objective: Patients with lung cancer have a relative high risk of developing secondary primary lung cancers. This study examined the additional value of autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) for diagnosing synchronous lung cancers and premalignant lesions. Methods: Patients diagnosed with lung cancer from January 2005 to December 2005 were enrolled in this study. The patients underwent a lung cancer evaluation, which included white light bronchoscopy (WLB), followed by AFB. In addition to the primary lesions, any abnormal or suspicious lesions detected during WLB and AFB were biopsied. Results: Seventy-six patients had non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 23 had small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In addition to the primary lesions, 84 endobronchial biopsies were performed in 46 patients. Five definite synchronous cancerous lesions were detected in three patients with initial unresectable NSCLC and in one with SCLC. The secondary malignant lesions found in two patients were considered metastatic because of the presence of mediastinal nodes or systemic involvement. One patient with an unresectable NSCLC, two with a resectable NSCLC, and one with SCLC had severe dysplasia. The detection rate for cancerous lesions by the clinician was 6.0% (6/99) including AFB compared with 3.0% (3/99) with WLB alone. The prevalence of definite synchronized cancer was 4.0% (4/99) after using AFB compared with 2.0% (2/99) before, and the staging-up effect was 1.0% (1/99) after AFB. Since the majority of patients were diagnosed with advanced disease, the subjects with newly detected cancerous lesions did not have their treatment plans altered, except for one patient with a stage-up IV NSCLC who did not undergo radiotherapy. Conclusions: Additional AFB is effective in detecting early secondary cancerous lesions and is a more precise tool in the staging workup of patients with primary lung cancer than with WLB alone.