• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2008

Purpose : Many results have reported a correlation between the spot urine protein/creatinine ratio(P/C ratio) and 24-hour urinary protein(24UP) amount. This study was designed to evaluated correlation between 24UP amounts and P/C ratio in children and to find the factors that affect this correlation. Methods : 210 patients who visited the Department of Pediatrics in Busan Paik Hospital from september 2003 to december 2007 were included in this study. All the patients were divided into I, II, III/A, B, C group[I:24UP(mg/$m^2$/day)]<100, II: 100$\leq$24UP<1,000, III: 24UP$\geq$1,000, A: Cr excretion(mg/kg)<15, B: 15$\leq$Cr excretion<25, C: Cr excretion$\geq$25)]. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between 24UP and P/C ratio to evaluate the relationship. We defined fractional difference between 24UP and P/C ratio, and then performed multiple regression analysis. Results : There was a strong positive linear correlation between 24UP and P/C ratio in all patients, and the correlation was also good in each group. The factors affecting accurate quantitation of proteinuria using spot urine P/C ratio was creatinine excretion. Conclusion : Spot urine P/C ratio is a useful test to predict proteinuria roughly. Therefore, we expect that urine P/C ratio can be used as parameter instead of 24UP, if we set cutoff value of P/C ratio considered to creatinine excretion according to age and sex in large pediatric population.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of various addition and exclusion time of glucose (Control: no addition, A: 24～72 h, B: 24～48 h, C: 48～72 h, D: 0～72 h, E: 0～48 h, F: 0～24 h and 48～72 h, G: 0～24 h) on embryonic developmental capacity of 2-cell embryos in mice. Developed blastocysts were assessed for mean cell number by differential staining. The zona-intact blastocyst (ZiB) rates were higher (p<0.05) in group B than control. However, the zona-escape blastocyst (ZeB) rates were not significantly different in all groups. At 72 h, total blastocyst (ZiB + ZeB) formation rates were not significantly different in all groups. The mean cell number was not significantly different among all groups. The inner cell mass (ICM) cell number was higher (p<0.05) in group F than control, group A, B and G. The trophectoderm (TE) cell number was higher (p<0.05) in control than group A and D. The %ICM was higher (p<0.05) in group C, D and F than control. The ICM : TE ratio was not significantly different in all groups. Between control and glucose group, no significant difference was observed in the total blastocysts (ZiB + ZeB) formation rates. Also, no significant difference was observed in the mean cell number, ICM cell number and ICM : TE ratio. However the TE cell number was higher (p<0.05) in control than glucose group and %ICM was higher (p<0.05) in glucose group than control. In conclusion, glucose added in culture medium was not inhibitory on blastocyst formation but glucose added for 48 ～72 h in culture medium increases %ICM of blastocysts in mice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.304-308
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• 2003

In this paper, two-stage low noise amplifier(LNA) for 24GHz is designed and fabricated using NE450284C HJ-FET of NEC CO. In order to get noise figure and input VSWR to be wanted, it is considered input VSWR and noise figure simultaneously in matching-circuit designing. The fabricated two-stage low noise amplifier has the gain of 16.6dB, input VSWR of 1.6, and output VSWR under 1.5.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.829-831
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• 2012

본 논문은 차량 추돌 예방 레이더용 고 이득 저전력 저잡음 특성을 가진 24GHz 저잡음 증폭기(LNA)를 제안한다. 이러한 회로는 TSMC $0.13{\mu}m$ 혼성신호/고주파 CMOS 공정($f_T/f_{MAX}=120/140GHz$)으로 설계되어 있다. 증폭기의 전압 이득을 향상시키기 위해 2단 캐스코드 구조로 구성되어 있다. 제안한 저잡음 증폭기는 최근 발표된 연구결과에 비해 41dB의 가장 높은 전압이득과 3.7dB의 가장 낮은 잡음지수 및 2.8dBm의 가장 우수한 IIP3 특성을 각각 보였다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2006

This study was conducted to isolate antilisterial strains of the Bifidobacterium isolates from the infant feces. The bifidobacteria were isolated anaerobically on BL agar and screened for their inhibitory activity on the MRS-cysteine medium against three foodborne pathogens: Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Among the 52 bifidobacterial isolates, 5 strains(A24, Bl, B6, B10, and Bl2) were finally selected based on their stronger antilisterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes than other isolates tested. Morphologically, all the isolates were typically shown Y-and V-shaped under electron microscopic examination. Each isolate was primarily subjected to identification by a polymerase chain reaction(PCR) using a genus-specific primer designed for targeting the 16S rRNA gene sequence, and confirmed the primary identification data using an API-kit(Biomeriuex, France), commercially available product for identification based on biochemical and physiological traits. Of the isolates with antilisterial activity, strain A24 was finally confirmed as the Bifidobacterium longum A24.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39A no.9
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• pp.560-562
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• 2014

Broadband power divider operating over the frequency band assigned for all domestic mobile communications is designed and implemented. The implemented power divider with 20Watts power rating has the maximum insertion loss of 3.49dB, input reflection coefficient of below -18.48dB and output reflection coefficient of below -20.2dB, above 24.7dB isolation and -141.2dBc of 3rd PIMD over the operating frequency of 810 ~ 2620MHz.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1979

The consumption of catchup is increasing due to the raising of income level and food industry and westernization of dietary life followed by economic growth. In this paper I picked up three kinds of food produced by two foreign food companies and three kinds of food by two domestic companies. The average results by experimentation on the nutritive ingredients and the standard quality was as follows; A. Nutritve ingredients; 1) Water content a) Domestic 68.3% b) Foreign 69.1% 2) Protein content a) Domestic 2.2 g b) Foreign 2.1 g 3) Fat content a) Domestic 0.1 g b) Foreign 0.1 g 4) Carbohydrate content a) Domestic 25.1 g b) Foreign 24.6 g 5) Mineral content (Ash) a) Domestic 4.4 g b) Foreign 3.9 g 6) Calcium content a) Domestic 33.5 mg b) Foreign 24.2 mg 7) Phosphorus content a) Domestic 16.1 mg b) Foreign 24.2 mg 8) Vitamin C content a) Domestic 14.6mg b) Foreign 16.0 mg B. Standard quality 1) Remains after evaporation a) Domestic 41.7% b) Foreign 38.4% 2) Free mineral acid content a) Domestic none b) Foreign none 3) Tar chromatophore a) Domestic $trace(Acid)^+$ b) Foreign none 4) Heavy metalic $elements^*$ 5) Sodium chloride content a) Domestic 3.3% b) Foreign 3.3% 6) pH level a) Domestic 3.83 b) Foreign 3.76 + The tar chromatophore elements could not be accurately measured by chromatography. * The heavy metalic elements were both under safety levels in the domestic and foreign products.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.199-209
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• 2021

The present study was performed to improve the technique used for fermenting the mushroom growth medium. Taxonomic analysis of 16S rDNA sequence from the predominant Bacillus strain CY-24 isolated during the fermentation phase of the rice straw medium identified it as Bacillus licheniformis. In addition, the growth environment of B. licheniformis was also examined in this study, which revealed the optimal growth temperature and pH to be 30 ℃ and 6.0, respectively. This study also revealed that carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and polygalacturonase (PGase) enzymes isolated from B. licheniformis achieved their maximal activities at 50 ℃ and 60 ℃ respectively. Furthermore, the study confirmed that the two enzymes, i.e., CMCase and PGase in B. licheniformis are stable at temperatures above 60 ℃. The present study thus demonstrates that B. licheniformis CY-24 possesses excellent enzymatic properties. It also reveals that the action of enzymes during the production of growth mediums used for the cultivation of mushrooms is closely associated with the promotion of fermentation and softening of the rice straw. Overall, this study provides elementary information regarding the role of B. licheniformis enzymes during growth medium fermentation for Agaricus bisporus cultivation.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.104-114
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• 1998

Purpose : Enteroviruses are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis. The epidemics of aseptic meningitis in 1993 and 1996 were mostly caused by echovirus type 9. Identification of the causative virus of aseptic meningitis in epidemics, is very important not only for diagnosis but also for epidemiologic purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify the causative virus and investigate the relationship between aseptic meningitis, prevailed in Masan and surrounding areas in Kyoungsangnamdo in 1997, and its clinical manifestations. Methods : One hundred twenty eight cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) and 239 stool specimens were obtained from 239 patients(213 children and 26 adult patients) with aseptic meningitis were admitted to Masan Fatima Hospitals from March to October 1997. Viral isolation and serotype identification was performed by cell culture and immunofluorescent test. Enteroviruses not typed by immunofluorescent test was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results : 1) The peak incidence was noted in June. 2) The age of 239 patients(pediatrics-213 cases, internal medicine-26 cases) that were diagnosed ranged from neonate to 35 years, the age of the patients of pediatrics ranged from neonate to 15years(mean 4.9 years), the age of the patients of internal medicine (above 16 years) ranged from 16 years to 35 years(mean 24.2 years). 3) Fifty-three(41.4%) of 128 CSF specimens were positive for enteroviruses, and 163(68.2%) of 239 stool specimens were positive for enteroviruses respectively. 4) Serotypes of 53 enteroviruses isolated from CSF were 16(30.2%) of echovirus type 30, 6(11.3%) of echovirus type 6, 1 of echovirus type 4, 4 of untyped echovirus, 1 of coxsackievirus type B5, and 24 isolates of untyped enteroviruses. Of 163 enterovirus isolated from stool were 72(44.2%) of echovirus type 30, 21(12.9%) of echovirus type 6, 1 of echovirus type 4, 17(10.4%) of undetermined subtyped echovirus, 1 of coxsackievirus type B5, 2 of A24, 3 of undetermined subtyped coxsackievirus type B, and 46 isolates of untyped enterovirus. Conclusion : There were epidemics of aseptic meningitis in the central areas of Kyoungsangnamdo from March to October 1997. The main causative organism was thought to be the echovirus type 30, and echovirus type 4, 6, coxsackievirus B5 and A24 were also thought to contribute to the epidemics.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.321-326
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• 2017

Purpose To identify the correspondence between the central sensitivity of several visual field (VF) tests and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness in early glaucoma patients with parafoveal scotoma. Methods Fifty-seven eyes from 57 patients with glaucomatous optic neuropathy and parafoveal scotoma were analyzed using the standard automated perimetry (SAP) C10-2 test, the SAP C24-2 test, and the frequency doubling technology perimetry (FDT) C24-2 test. The correlation between the VF central sensitivity and the GC-IPL thickness from macular scans via optical coherence tomography was analyzed. Results The central sensitivity was $27.51{\pm}5.43dB$, $27.39{\pm}5.05dB$, and $22.09{\pm}5.08dB$ for SAP C24-2, SAP C10-2, and FDT C24-2, respectively. Mean GC-IPL thickness was $70.2{\pm}8.5{\mu}m$. Using regression analysis, the value of log $R^2$ between the logarithmic central sensitivity and GC-IPL thickness was 0.498, and the linear $R^2$ between the antilogarithmic central sensitivity and GC-IPL thickness in SAP C10-2 was 0.486, and both were statistically significant (p < 0.05). This relationship was stronger in early glaucoma patients compared to late glaucoma patients using SAP C10-2. Conclusions The structure-function relationship between GC-IPL thickness and central sensitivity was better with SAP C10-2, especially in early glaucoma patients, compared to other VF modalities.