• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.38.2-38.2
• /
• 2016

The mapping of dark matter clustering from real to redshift spaces introduces the anisotropic property to the measured density power spectrum in redshift space, known as the Redshift Space Distortion (hereafter RSD) effect. The mapping formula is intrinsically non-linear, which is complicated by the higher order polynomials due to the indefinite cross correlations between the density and velocity fields, and the Finger-of-God (hereafter FoG) effect due to the randomness of the peculiar velocity field. Furthermore, the rigorous test of this mapping formula is contaminated by the unknown non-linearity of the density and velocity fields, including their auto- and cross-correlations, for calculating which our theoretical calculation breaks down beyond some scales. Whilst the full higher order polynomials remains unknown, the other systematics can be controlled consistently within the same order truncation in the expansion of the mapping formula, as shown in this paper. The systematic due to the unknown non-linear density and velocity fields is removed by separately measuring all terms in the expansion using simulations. The uncertainty caused by the velocity randomness is controlled by splitting the FoG term into two pieces, 1) the non-local FoG term being independent of the separation vector between two different points, and 2) the local FoG term appearing as an indefinite polynomials which is expanded in the same order as all other perturbative polynomials. Using 100 realizations of simulations, we find that the best fitted non-local FoG function is Gaussian, with only one scale-independent free parameter, and that our new mapping formulation accurately reproduces the observed power spectrum in redshift space at the smallest scales by far, up to k ~ 0.3 h/Mpc, considering the resolution of future experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.186-197
• /
• 1997

Estrogens, which play an important role in sex hormone and potential inhibitor of cancer cell proliferation were profiled for normal female and male. The nineteen endogeneous estrogens were simultaneously analyzed by selected ion monitoring method of GC/MS. Urinary estrogens were extracted by using Serdolit AD-2 resin, hydrolyzed with $\beta-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase$ from Helix pomatia, liquid-liquid extraction and quantitatively derivatized by MSTFA/TMSCl mixture in order to be detected on the GC/MS. The good quality-control data were obtained through the precision and accuracy test and the recovery range of them was 80.97∼97.81%. The Korean reference values of urinary estrogens were established and differences were found in normal female compared with normal male.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.33 no.12
• /
• pp.4145-4149
• /
• 2012

A novel and simple method of luminescence enhancement effect for the determination of trace amounts of bile acid was proposed. The procedure was based on the luminescence intensity of the balofloxacin-europium(III) complex that could be strongly enhanced by bile acid in the presence of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). Under the optimum conditions, the enhanced luminescence intensity of the system exhibited a good linear relationship with the bile acid concentration in the range $5.0{\times}10^{-9}-7.0{\times}10^{-7}\;mol\;L^{-1}$ with a detection limit of $1.3{\times}10^{-9}\;mol\;L^{-1}$ ($3{\sigma}$). The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.7% (n = 11) for $5.0{\times}10^{-8}\;mol\;L^{-1}$ bile acid. The applicability of the method to the determination of bile acid was demonstrated by investigating the effect of potential interferences and by analyzing human serum and urine samples. The possible enhancement mechanism of luminescence intensity in balofloxacin-europium(III)-bile acid-SDBS system was also discussed briefly.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.626-632
• /
• 2011

Phoxim, which is one of veterinary drugs, is a well-known antiparasitic agent in wide use. In this paper, phoxim was extracted from cattle and pig tissue using solid-phase extraction (SPE) employing a silica cartridge with acetonitrile. Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) for the analysis of phoxim from animal tissue was presented. Phoxim was detected on a $C_{18}$ column ($2.1{\times}100\;mm$, $3.5\;{\mu}m$) using a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. A linear correlation observed in the calibration curves for cattle (0.0048~2.0 mg/kg) and pig (0.0055~2.0 mg/kg) showed above $r^2$=0.995. Accuracy measured at concentrations ranging from 0.0048 to 0.2 mg/kg was the range of 68.2~106.9%. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were the range of 0.0014~0.0017 mg/kg and 0.0048~0.0055 mg/kg, respectively. The precision (RSD%) was below 11.2%.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2009

Headspace micro solid phase extraction using mulberry paper bag (HS-MPB-$\mu$-SPE) has been developed and validated for the analysis of volatile flavor compounds from five spice by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). HS-MPB-$\mu$-SPE was performed with adsorbent particles enclosed inside a mulberry paper bag. Four different kinds of adsorbents such as Tenax TA, Porapack Q, dimethylpolysiloxane and polyethylene glycol were tested. The extraction solvents compared were petroleum ether, methylene chloride, and chloroform. Better results were obtained when Tenax TA and petroleum ether were used. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were in the range of 1.3 ng/mL and 4.3 ng/mL, respectively, for o-cymene as a model compound of monoterpene. Proposed method showed good reproducibility (3.3%, RSD) and good recoveries (94.0%). The HS-MPB- μ-SPE is very simple to use, inexpensive, rapid, requires small sample amounts and solvent consumption. Because the solvent for extraction is reduced to only a very small volume (0.6 mL), there is minimal waste or exposure to toxic organic solvent and no further concentration step. This method allows successful characterization of the headspace in contact with the five spice sample. Strong trans-anethole from star anise or fennel is a characteristic flavor of five spice powders. HS-MPB-$\mu$-SPE combined with GC/MS can be a promising technique for the broad spectrum measurement of volatile aroma compounds from solid spices.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.26 no.10
• /
• pp.1529-1532
• /
• 2005

A simple and cost effective method for separation and preconcentration of Ag(I) at the $10^{-7}\;mol\;L^{-1}$ level in the environmental and mineral samples is present. The method is based on the flotation of Ag(I)-iodide complex as an ion-associate with ferroin in pH of 4 from a large volume of an aqueous solution (500 mL) using nheptane. The floated layer was then dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for the subsequent spectrophotometric determination. Beer's law was obeyed over a range of 2.0 ${\times}$ $10^{-7}$-4.0 ${\times}$ $10^{-6}$ mol $L^{-1}$ with the apparent molar absorptivity of 2.67 ${\times}$ $10^5$ L $mol^{-1}\;cm^{-1}$. The detection limit (n = 5) was 4 ${\times}$ $10^{-8}$ mol $L^{-1}$, and RSD (n = 5) obtained for 2.0 ${\times}$ $10^{-6}$ mol $L^{-1}$ of Ag(I) was 2.2%. The interference effects of a number of elements was studied and found that only $Hg^{2+}$ at low concentration, and $Pb^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, and $Fe^{3+}$ ions at moderately high concentrations were interfered. To overcome on these interference effects, the solution was treated with EDTA at a buffering pH of 4 and passed through a column containing Amberlite IR-120 ionexchanger resin, just before the flotation process. The proposed method was applied to determine of Ag(I) in a synthetic waste water, a photographic washing sample and a geological sample and the results was compared with those obtained from the flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results were satisfactorily comparable with together, so that the applicability of the proposed method was confirmed in encountering with the real samples.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.44-55
• /
• 2015

Objectives: Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans (S. subspinipes mutilans) is known as a traditional medicine and includes various amino acids, peptides and proteins. The amino acids in the pharmacopuncture extracted from S. subspinipes mutilans by using derivatization methods were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) over a 12 month period to confirm its stability. Methods: Amino acids of pharmacopuncture extracted from S. subspinipes mutilans were derived by using O-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) & 9-fluorenyl methoxy carbonyl chloride (FMOC) reagent and were analyzed using HPLC. The amino acids were detected by using a diode array detector (DAD) and a fluorescence detector (FLD) to compare a mixed amino acid standard (STD) to the pharmacopuncture from centipedes. The stability tests on the pharmacopuncture from centipedes were done using HPLC for three conditions: a room temperature test chamber, an acceleration test chamber, and a cold test chamber. Results: The pharmacopuncture from centipedes was prepared by using the method of the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute (KPI) and through quantitative analyses was shown to contain 9 amino acids of the 16 amino acids in the mixed amino acid STD. The amounts of the amino acids in the pharmacopuncture from centipedes were 34.37 ppm of aspartate, 123.72 ppm of arginine, 170.63 ppm of alanine, 59.55 ppm of leucine and 57 ppm of lysine. The relative standard deviation (RSD %) results for the pharmacopuncture from centipedes had a maximum value of 14.95% and minimum value of 1.795% on the room temperature test chamber, the acceleration test chamber and the cold test chamber stability tests. Conclusion: Stability tests on and quantitative and qualitative analyses of the amino acids in the pharmacopuncture extracted from centipedes by using derivatization methods were performed by using HPLC. Through research, we hope to determine the relationship between time and the concentrations of the amino acids in the pharmacopuncture extracted from centipedes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.64-69
• /
• 2009

Musty and earth odors caused by geosmin and 2-MIB are the major complaints from the drinking water consumers. Therefore, early detection of geosmin and 2-MIB is the key to prevent off-flavor occurrence. In this study, a rapid method using stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) in combination with the GC/MS was investigated to analyze geosmin and 2-MIB in water. The SBSE method, a solventless extraction technique, was optimized and then applied to the analysis of geosmin and 2-MIB in water. The SBSE technique was found to be a simple and fast procedure that allows many samples to be extracted simultaneously using very small volume (10~20 mL). In addition, the SBSE method offered high recovery and good linear regression coefficient for the geosmin and 2-MIB. The good repeatability of this method can be deduced from the low RSD (7.2~7.6%) at 10 ng/L for geosmin and 2-MIB. The limit of detection was determined 1~2 ng/L and the limit of quantitation was 3~6 ng/L. Above all, the SBSE method proved to be a very practical technique for the analysis of geosmin and 2-MIB in water.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 2000

Simultaneous separation and analysis of Ni(II), Pd(II), Co(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) in peperidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) chelates were investigated by reversed phase liquid chromatography. The optimum conditions for the separation of PDTC metal chelates were examined with respect to the pH, extraction solvent, and mobile phase strength on Novapak $C_{18}$ column using methanol/water mixture as mobile phase. All metal PDTC chelates were eluted in an acceptable range of capacity factor value ($0{\leq}log\;k^{\prime}{\leq}1$). The linear calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range of $0{\sim}1.2{\mu}g/mL$ for five metal ions, and also good precision in the range of 1.96~3.41% RSD was obseved. Under the optimum conditions, trace metat ions in the composite water sample were successfully separated and determined with relative error of ${\pm}2.0%$.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.158-165
• /
• 2012

A UPLC method for the simultaneous determination of seven compounds was established for the quality control in H. cordata. The UPLC was performed on a $C_{18}$ HSS T3 $2.1{\times}100$ mm, 1.8 ${\mu}m$ column during a 13 minute gradient elution of 0.2% aqueous acetic acid and acetonitrile with the flow rate of 0.2 mL/min at $30^{\circ}C$. The UPLC method was validated according to the ICH guideline of analytical procedures with respect to precision, accuracy, and linearity. The limit of determination and quantitation for the seven compounds were 0.01-0.09 and 0.03-0.28 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The calibration curves of all seven compounds showed good linearity ($r^2$ > 0.999). The intra-day and inter-day the RSD values used to evaluate the precision of analysis were less than 0.9%. The recoveries of quantified compounds ranged from 98.63 to 103.85%. The developed UPLC method was found to be effective, convenient and sensitivity for quantitative analysis of seven compounds in H. cordata. This work could be provided a baseline source for quality control of H. cordata.