• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제5C권3호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2005

Piezoelectric transformers(PT) are expected to be small, thin and highly efficient, and which are attractive as a transformer with high power density for step down voltage. For these reasons, we have attempted to develop a step-down PT for the miniaturized adaptor. We propose a PT, operating in thickness extensional vibration mode for step-down voltage. This PT consists of a multi-layered construction in the thickness direction. In order to develop the step-down PT of 10 W class and turn ratio of 0.1 with high efficiency and miniaturization, the piezoelectric ceramics and PT designs are estimated with a variety of characteristics. The basic composition of piezoelectric ceramics consists of ternary yPb(Zr$_{x}$Ti$_{1-x}$)O$_{3}$-(1-y)Pb(Mn$_{1/3}$Nb1$_{1/3}$Sb$_{1/3}$)O$_{3}$. In the piezoelectric characteristics evaluations, at y=0.95 and x=0.505, the electromechanical coupling factor(K$_{p}$) is 58$\%$, piezoelectric strain constant(d$_{33}$) is 270 pC/N, mechanical quality factor(Qr$_{m}$) is 1520, permittivity($\varepsilon$/ 0) is 1500, and Curie temperature is 350 $^{\circ}C$. At y = 0.90 and x = 0.500, kp is 56$\%$, d33 is 250 pC/N, Q$_{m}$ is 1820, $\varepsilon$$_{33}$$^{T}$/$\varepsilon$$_{0}$ is 1120, and Curie temperature is 290 $^{\circ}C$. It shows the excellent properties at morphotropic phase boundary regions. PZT-PMNS ceramic may be available for high power piezoelectric devices such as PTs. The design of step-down PTs for adaptor proposes a multi-layer structure to overcome some structural defects of conventional PTs. In order to design PTs and analyze their performances, the finite element analysis and equivalent circuit analysis method are applied. The maximum peak of gain G as a first mode for thickness extensional vibration occurs near 0.85 MHz at load resistance of 10 .The peak of second mode at 1.7 MHz is 0.12 and the efficiency is 92$\%$.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.251-264
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• 2024

The present study pertains to the effects of variations in the location and size of drilled web openings on the behavior of fixed-fixed reinforced concrete (RC) beams. For this purpose, a reference bending beam with a transverse opening in each half span was tested to failure. Later, the same beam was modeled and analyzed with the help of finite element software using ABAQUS. Upon achieving close agreement between the experimental and numerical results, the location and size of the web opening were altered to uncover the effects of these factors on the shear strength and load-deflection behavior of RC beams. The experimental failure mode of the tested beam and the numerical results were also verified by theoretical calculations. In numerical analysis, when compared to the reference (D0) specimen, if the distance of the opening center from the support is 0 or h or 2h, reduction in load-bearing capacity of 1.5%-22.8% or 2.0%-11.3% or is 4.1%-40.7%. In other words, both the numerical analyses and theoretical calculations indicated that the beam behavior shifted from shear-controlled to flexure-controlled as the openings approached the supports. Furthermore, the deformation capacities, energy absorption values, and the ductilities of the beams with different opening diameters also increased with the decreasing distance of the opening from supports. Web compression failure was shown to be the predominant mode of failure of beams with large diameters due to the lack of sufficient material in the diagonal compression strut of the beam. The present study indicated that transverse openings with diameters, not exceeding about 1/3 of the entire beam depth, do not cause the premature shear failure of RC beams. Finally, shear damage should be prevented by placing special reinforcements in the areas where such gaps are opened.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.2930-2936
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• 2012

A three-dimensional pharmacophore hypothesis was developed for atypical antipsychotics in order to map common structural features of highly active compounds by using HipHop in CATALYST program. The pharmacophore hypotheses were generated using 12 compounds as training set and validated using 11 compounds as test set. The most predictive hypothesis (Hypo1) comprises five features viz. two hydrophobic regions, two hydrogen bond acceptor lipid and one aromatic ring. In the absence of information like crystallized structure of 5-$HT_{2A}$ receptor and binding mode of antipsychotics with 5-$HT_{2A}$ receptor, this hypothesis will serve as a potentially valuable tool in the design of novel atypical antipsychotics acting primarily at 5-$HT_{2A}$ and $D_2$ receptors.

• 센서학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2024

Floating inverter amplifiers (FIAs) have recently garnered considerable attention owing to their high energy efficiency and inherent resilience to input common-mode voltages and process-voltage-temperature variations. Since the voltage gain of a simple FIA is low, it is typically cascaded or cascoded to achieve a higher voltage gain. However, cascading poses stability concerns in closed-loop applications, while cascoding limits the output swing. This study introduces a gain-enhanced FIA that features cross-coupled body biasing. Through simulations, it is demonstrated that the proposed FIA designed using a 28-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology with a 1-V power supply can achieve a high voltage gain (> 90 dB) suitable for dynamic open-loop applications. The proposed FIA can also be used as a closed-loop amplifier by adjusting the amount of positive feedback due to the cross-coupled body biasing. The capability of achieving a high gain with minimum-length devices makes the proposed FIA a promising candidate for low-power, high-speed sensor interface systems.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 수중 음향 트랜스듀서의 주파수 광대역화를 위해서 중공형 전면추를 가진 Tonpilz 트랜스듀서를 제안하였다. 트랜스듀서의 특성에 미치는 설계변수들의 영향을 분석하고, 그 결과에 따라 Tonpilz 트랜스듀서의 최적구조를 설계하였다. 나아가 시편의 제작 및 특성 측정을 통하여 설계 결과의 타당성을 검증하였다. 설계된 트랜스듀서는 단일모드 트랜스듀서에 비해 월등히 넓은 131 %의 -6 dB 비대역폭을 나타내었으며, 해석 결과와 측정 결과가 잘 일치하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.918-924
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• 2009

This paper deals with the experimental assessment of the vibration suppression of the smart structures. First, we have presented the paper about the new high-speed active control system that we have developed using the DSP320C6713 microprocessor and a peripheral system composed of a data acquisition system, A/D and D/A converters, piezoelectric (PZT) actuator/sensors, and drivers using PA95. Since fast data processing is very important in the active vibration control of the structures, we utilized the fast processing DSP320C6713 microprocessor as a main processor to the controller and fast peripheral devices for fast control loop. To realize a fast active vibration control, we have analyzed and tested the processing time of the peripheral devices and provided the corresponding test results. Especially, we have focused on achieving the fast signal amplification of the PA95 device since it takes most of loop times of the control system. Finally, we performed numerous experiments of active vibration control of the aluminum plate to validate the superior performance of the developed control system based on previous mode tests of the plate.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제46권10호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 항공시스템의 데이터 및 음성 통신을 위한 VHF (Very High Frequency) digital link mode-2 (VDL Mode-2) 시스템에 적합한 수신 알고리듬을 제안한다. VDL Mode-2 시스템은 패킷 방식으로 동작하며 이에 따라 최적화된 패킷 검출 알고리듬을 설계하여야 한다. 또한 VDL Mode-2 시스템에서는 송수신 여파기로 각각 제곱근 상승 코사인 여파기를 사용하는 일반적인 디지털 통신 시스템과 달리 점유 주파수 대역 요구사항에 따라 송신 여파기로 상승 코사인 여파기를 사용한다. 따라서 수신기에서는 ISI (inter-symbol interference)와 잡음 특성을 고려하여 최적화된 저역 통과 여파기를 설계하여야 한다. 이와 함께 VDL Mode-2 시스템의 안정적인 동작을 위해서는 송수신기의 반송파 주파수 차이와 도플러 주파수 천이에 의한 주파수 오프셋을 추정하고 보상하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 VDL Mode-2 시스템을 위한 패킷 검출, 수신 여파기 및 주파수 오프셋 추정 및 보상 알고리듬들을 제안하고 제안한 기법들을 적용한 VDL Mode-2 시스템의 성능을 분석하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권8C호
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• pp.591-597
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• 2008

H.264/AVC는 기존 영상 압축 표준과 달리 Intra 부호화에서도 가변 크기 블록과 예측 부호화를 사용하여 압축 효율을 높이고 있다. 한 매크로 블록을 부호화 하는 경우 $I16{\times}16$ 모드에서 4가지, $I4{\times}4$ 모드에서 9가지 예측 모드 중 가장 좋은 성능을 보이는 모드를 선택하여 부호화를 행한다. 현재 H.264 참조 소프트웨어인 JM에서는 모드 결정 방법으로 RDO (Rate Distortion Optimization)를 채택하여 사용하고 있으며 이는 RD 관점에서 가장 좋은 성능을 보이는 모드를 선택하여 부호화를 행하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 H.264/AVC Intra 부호화의 부호화 효율을 향상 시킬 수 있는 모드 결정 방법을 제안한다. RDO는 영상 부호화기에 적용되는 과정에서 복잡도를 줄이기 위하여 부호화 되는 단위 블록들의 부호화 결과는 독립이라는 가정을 하였다. 하지만 실제 H.264/AVC 인트라 부호화 구조는 인접 블록의 이미 부호화 된 픽셀 값을 사용함으로써 인접 블록의 부호화 결과에 영향을 받도록 되어있다. 때문에 제안하는 방법은 이 블록 간 부호화 결과가 종속이라는 점을 고려하여, 기존 RDO 내 $I4{\times}4$ 예측 모드 결정 과정 중 다음 블록의 예측을 위해 사용되는 현재 블록 내 화소 값의 왜곡에 중점을 두어 모드 결정을 하는 과정을 추가함으로써 압축 성능 향상을 꾀한다. 제안하는 모드 결정 방법은 다양한 시퀀스와 QP에서 같은 화질대비 $0.64{\sim}l.65%$의 비트율 감소나 같은 비트율 대비 $0.049{\sim}0.101dB$의 PSNR 향상을 보인다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

A spurious suppressed bandpass filter is proposed and discussed using the stepped impedance resonator(SIR) on a substrate-integrated waveguide(SIW) structure with a double-layer substrate. The second resonance of the fundamental $TE_{10}$ mode can be controlled by adjusting the electrical length and impedance ratio of each SIR. The spurious suppressed SIW bandpass filter shows the measurement results of the insertion loss of 3.98 dB and return loss of less than 11.58 dB at the center frequency of 12 GHz. Also, the second spurious frequency is improved to about $1.5f_0$ compared with $1.33f_0$.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2012

The kinetics of ruthenium(III) chloride catalyzed oxidation of butanone and uncatalyzed oxidation of cyclohexanone by cerium(IV) in sulphuric acid medium have been studied. The kinetic rate law(I) in case of butanone conforms to the proposed mechanism. $$-\frac{1}{2}\frac{d[Ce^{IV}]}{dt}=\frac{kK[Ru^{III}][butanone]}{1+K[butanone]}$$ (1). However, oxidation of cyclohexanone in absence of catalyst accounts for the rate eqn. (2). $$-\frac{1}{2}\frac{[Ce^{IV}]}{dt}=\frac{(k_1+k_1K^'[H^+])[Ce^{IV}][Cyclohexanone]}{1+K_3[HSO_4^-]}$$ (2) Kinetics and activation parameters have been evaluated conventionally. Kinetically preferred mode of reaction is via ketonic and not the enolic forms.