• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2002

Antioxidants(N-acetyl-1-cysteine, ebselen and glutathione) and growth factors(EGF, PDGF) were studied as a mean of increasing the development of porcine embryos produced by in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization(IVF). Porcine embryos developed to the 2~8 cell stage after IVF were cultured fer 6 to 7 days at 38.5$^{\circ}C$ in NCSU 23 medium containing antioxidants plus growth factors. Cell numbers of blastocysts were counted by fluorescence staining method. The developmental rate beyond morula stages in NCSU 23 containing NAC(1nm) or NAC(1nm) plus EGF(100ng/$m\ell$) or PDGF(5ng/$m\ell$) were 28.1, 32.3 and 35.3%, respectively. NAC plus PDGF group was slightly higher than control group(P>0.05). The developmental capacity in NCSU 23 containing ebselen(10 $\mu$M) or ebselen(10 $\mu$M) plus EGF(100ng/$m\ell$) or PDGF(5ng/$m\ell$) were 17.8, 36.9 and 40.3%, respectively Ebselen plus growth factor groups were significantly higher than control group(P<0.05). The developmental capacity in NCSU 23 containing glutathione(100 $\mu$M) or glutathione(100 $\mu$M) plus EGF (100ng/$m\ell$) or PDGF(5ng/$m\ell$) were 24.1, 30.5 and 27.7%, respectively. There were not difference in all experimental groups(P>0.05). In all experimental groups, there was no significantly differences on the cell number of blastocysts, but ebselen plus growth factor groups were significantly higher than control group. These studies indicate that antioxidants plus growth factors can increase the proportion of embryos that developed beyond morulae stage.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1295-1306
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• 1998

Recent research indicates that the n-3 fatty acid , docosahexaenoic acid(22 : 6n 3, DHA) plays an essential role in infant brain development . DHA is highly concentrated in brain and retinal tissues and accumulates during late fetal and early neonatal life. Diets deficient in DHA are associated with reduced levels of DHA in brain and retinal tissues. The purpose of this study is to investigate the long term effects of DHA supplementation on the growth and mental development of full-term infants. THirty four healty infants were recruited from those who were delivered at Kyung Hee Medical Center. The experimental groups were the breast milk+DHA(-) group who were fed human milk for 20 weeks after birth and thereafter were fed placebo formula for 28 weeks, the breast milk+DHA(+) group who were fed human milk for 20 weeks after birth and thereafter were fed DHA supplemented formula for 28 weeks, DHA(-) group who were fed placebo formula for 48 weeks, and DHA(+) group who were fed DHA supplemented formula for 48 weeks. The daily average intake of DHA for the breast milk+DHA(-) , breast milk+DHA(+), DHA(-) and DHA(+) groups were 39.1mg, 89.9mg, 17.7mg, and 160.224mg, respectively. The results showed that measurements of infant weight, length, head, and chest circumferncewere all in normal range and they were not influenced by the DHA supplements in their diets. There was a significant correlation between dietary DHA intake and erythrocyte DHA level. The results of flash visual evoke potential (VEP) test were not correlated with eerythrocyte DHA and dietary DHA levels at 48 weeks of age. No differences were found in Bayley mental and Psychomotor Development lndex scores among the four experimental groups at 48 weeks of age. Unlike the short-term effects there was no long-term effect of relatively small amounts of dietary DHA supplements on the scores for flash VEP and Bayley test, even thour호 there was an elevated DHA supplements on the scores for flash VEP and Bayley test, even through there was an elevated DHA content in the infants erythrocytes.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2005

This study is a part of research that development of effective genetic resources preservation system using the in vitro spermatogenesis, in vitro insemination and culture system. We aimed for establishment of in vitro culture system with in vitro activated porcine oocytes. The porcine oocytes were matured for 48 hours in $TCM199+10\%$ FCS and activated with $7\%$ ethanol. The activated oocytes were cultured for 7 days in $TCM199+10\%$ FCS or $NCSU23+0.4\%$ BSA medium. The activated oocytes were not developed to the blastocyst stage in $TCM199+10\%$ FCS medium. However in $NCSU23+0.4\%$ medium, those were developed to blastocyst with $3\%$ of treated oocytes. We extended maturation duration of porcine follicular oocytes fur 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 68, and 72 hours and activated with $7\%$ ethanol and cultured using $NCSU23+0.4\%$ BSA medium. The six percents of activated oocytes were developed to blastocyst in 48 hours and $10\%$ in 52 hours with comparatively low rates suggested to be not fully activated by regenerated MPF. Maturation durations from 56 hours to 68 hours supported to develop upto $11.9\~18.3\%$ of blastocysts. However the developmental rate was declined to $7.2\%$ at 72 hours of maturation duration because of cytoplasmic deterioration. The assumed time window for activation will be $56\~68$ hours of maturation duration. When the matured oocytes were activated with electric pulse of 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0kV/cm for $80{\mu}s$, although appling the electric current once was not enough for activation, appling twice with 1.6kV/cm for $80{\mu}s$ was shown the highest developmental rate with $11.3\%$. When those were compared with activating methods, $15.7%$ of blastocyst rate was obtained in the $7\%$ ethanol. That was higher than those in electric pulse with $9.5\%$ and calcium ionophore method with $5.8\%$. In this experimental condition, the $7\%$ ethanol treatment was the most effective method for activating porcine oocytes.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.10
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• pp.107-112
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• 1968

In order to study the effect of potash on the growth and yields of Soybean at different level of soil fertility and application of fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphate and calcium), $2^3$factorical experiment was carried out by pat culture with variety 'Chang-dan-baec-muc' which is most spreaded variety in Korea. The experiment consisted of five replications in a randomized block experiment with three factors (soil, fertilization and potash). Treatment were at two levels; infertile and fertile soil, none and some of fertilization and potash. Thus, the experiment comprised eight treatment combinations which consisted of all combinations. The results of this experiment are as follows: 1. No effect of each of three factors on flowering date was found. 2. Leaf-yellowing and maturing date was quickened on the fertile soil but no effect of fertilization and potash was found. 3. More premature leaf-yellowing was found on the fertile soil. 4. Deeper leaf colour cuss showed on the fertile soil and in the case of fertilization but no effect of potash was found. 5. Increasing tendency of following character: length and width of leaf, height and dia of stem, number of branches and pods; was most remarkable on the fertile soil. Application of fertilizer showed also remarkable tendency of increasing, while increasing tendency of potash was the least. 6. Same tendency was found with following charactors; weight of total plant. stem and shell, and commercial grains, weight of 100 grain and number of commercial grains. 7. As the results of analysis of variance for weight of commercial grain it, was found the teach of the three factors increased soybean yields significantly (weight of commercial grain) but the effect of potash was less than the other two factors. No significant interaction was found among three factors. 8. Greater effect of potash on increasing soybean yields was found on the fertile soil, and in the case of fertilization.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 1997

Three strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from fish and shrimp pickles. Two strains were identified as Lactobacillus casei, and one strain as L. Pentosus, respectively. All three strains were used as starters in producing yogurts. The physico-chemical characteristics of yogurts were examined. The original pH, titratable acidity, visicosity and viable cell counts of the yogurts were $4.03{\sim}4.26,\;1.049{\sim}l.217%,\;1,772{\sim}2,232\;cps\;and\;1.4{\times}10^9{\sim}1.6{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, respectively. In evaluating buffer capacity, $12.50{\sim}14.06\;ml$ 1.0N HCl was consumed to titrate 100 ml of yogurt to pH value 2 units below the original pH value and $9.46{\sim}13.06\;ml$ of 1.0N NaOH was consumed to pH value 4 units above the original pH value. The ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity reached maximum at 48 hrs, and reduced gradually during fermantation. After 2 hr incubation of yogurts at $37^{\circ}C$ under different pH conditions, ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activities of three strains were reduced to 50% at pH 3.5, but there were no remaining activities neither at pH 2.5 nor at pH 1.5. Under the same pH conditions the number of viable cells decreased to $1.9{\times}10^6{\sim}1.8{\times}10^8\;cfu/ml$ at pH 2.5 and $1.0{\times}10^3{\sim}2.4{\times}10^5$ at pH 1.5, respectively. However, no significant difference was found at pH 3.5.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 1993

One of the important initial events required for periodontal regeneration is the attachment and subsequent spreading of periodontal ligament cells on the root surface. The purposes of this study is to investigate the attachment and spreading pattern of human periodontal ligament cell on the surface of glass slides. After establishment of a cell line of the primary cell culture from the periodontal ligament of 1st premolar teeth which were extracted for the purpose of orthodontic treatment, author dispersed the cells at $5{\times}10^3\;cells/ml$ into the each 35mm culture petri-dish containing 2 glass slides. To observe the morphological changes of the cells which attached to the surfaces of glasses at every designed time schedule, author used the inverted phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope. During the whole experiment culture condition was at $37^{\circ}C$, 100% Humidity, 5% $CO_2$ gas incubator. The following results were obtained. Periodontal ligament cells showed spherical outline and started to attach to glass surface by basal sytoplasmic extension after 10min in culture. After 30min in culture, periodontal ligament cells were attached to glass surface by well - developed filopodia which protruded from the lamellipodia. The cell surface is covered with bubble-like structures and occasional microvillus can be seen with diffculty among these structures. After 1.5hr in culture, peridontal ligament cells shhowed radially well-spread cytoplasm and the nucleus was centered on its cytoplasm. Unspread central region of the cell was covered with numerous microvilli. The change of cell attachment and spreading pattern was manifest at 6hr in culture. At this time, periodontal ligament cell showed elongated outline and an oval-shaped nucleus. After 12hr in culture, periodontal ligament cells showed more stretched fibroblast-like appearance with polarity. Two long lamellipodia can be seen around the both terminal ends of cells. After 24hr in culture, periodontal ligament cells showed spindle shapes and an oval-shaped nucleus was slanted toward one side of the cell.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the optimum density for the intensive mass production of cyclopoid copepod, Paracyclopina nana in terms of nauplii and adults production. Effect of three development stages on the fecundity of adult female for nauplii production, survival rate of P. nana nauplii with different initial nauplii culture densities for adults production and cannibalistic feeding behavior of P. nana was examined, respectively. The fecundity of adult female by different female, copepodite ana nauplii density in 2 ml water volume decreased with the density of adult female, but was not affected by the density of either copepodite or nauplii. The average daily nauplii production for a adult female in 8 L water volume was $2.3{\times}10^5$ individuals with the incubation density of 7 adult females/ml, and this average value was significantly higher than those values of 0.6 to $1.7\times10^5$ individuals with the incubation density of 1,3,5, 10 adult females/ml (P<0.05). Survival rate of P. nana nauplil with different initial nauplii culture densities in 5 L vessels for 15 days were 32.7, 30.7, 28.9 and $23.0\%$ with the culture density of 50, 100, 150 and 200 inds./ml, respectively, but these were significantly higher than those of values 19.7 and $18.4\%$ with the culture density of 250 and 300 inds./ml (P<0.05). Cannibalistic behavior of P. nana adults on their offspring was observed, but the behavior decreased when phytoplankton was supplemented though there was no statistical difference (P>0.05). These results may indicate that P. nana is adaptable to the hatchery conditions and this species is cultured at the high densities. Optimum culture density for nauplii and adults production of P. nana were 7 adult females/ml and 200 nauplii/ml, respectively.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.225-230
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of extruded pellets and raw fish-based pellet on olive flounder Paralichthys. olivaceus. Six diets were prepared for this study: two formulated extruded pellets (FEP1 & FEP2), three commercially available extruded pellets (CEP1, CEP2 & CEP3) and moist pellet (MP). Weight gain offish fed FEP1 and CEP3 were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of fish fed FEP2, CEP1, CEP2 and MP, while that of fish fed MP was not significantly different (f<0.05) from those of fish fed the FEP2, CEP1 and CEP2. Feed efficiency of fish fed CEP2 was significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of fish fed FEP1, FEP2, CEP1, CEP3 and MP. There was no significant difference in protein efficiency ratio and hepatosomatic index between fish fed FEP1 and CEP3, and among fish fed FEP2, CEP1 and CEP2. There was no significant difference in condition factor among fish fed the FEP1 and CEP3, and between fish fed FEP2, CTP1 and MP. However, fish fed MP had a lower survival rate than fish fed the other five EP These results suggest that diet FEPl could be developed to replace MP for the owing stage of flounder without adverse effects on growth performance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 1981

Populus glandulosa and Populus tomentiglandulosa, which were known to be natural hybrids, were examined for morphological, physiological and karyological traits to illucidate its hybridity and taxonomical importance. The results abtained were as follows; 1. Survival rate in rooting of cuttings and grafting was different between the hybrids and their rooting abilities showed incomplete dominance. 2. Their leaf openings showed incomplete dominance. The leaf longevities of P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa were stronger than the other hybrids. 3. There were differences in resistance to toxicity of $KClO_3$ between the hybrids. 4. Many external leaf characters of the hybrids also showed incomplete dominance. P. tomentiglandulosa was similar in those characters to P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa while P. glandulosa was similar to hybrids crossed, reciprocally crossed or back-crossed between P. davidiana and P. alba. 5. Their numbers of male flower showed incomplete dominance or hybrid vigor. The numbers of P. tomentiglandulosa were similar to thosa of P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa while those of P. glandulosa to those of P. alba ${\times}$ davidiana or P. davidiana ${\times}$ alba. 6. Morphology and band color of male catkin bract showed incomplete dominance. Those of P. glandulosa were similar to those of P. alba ${\times}$ davidiana while those of P. tomentiglandulosa to those of. P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa. 7. There were differences in vascular bundle number and arrangement of petiole between the hybrids. 8. Differences in the anatomical traits of stem did not exist between the hybrids but those in wood fiber size existed. 9. The chromosomes of artificial hybrids, P. glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa showed irregular behavior in metaphase I and II. 10. All hybrids including P. glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa showed small number of P.M.C. with 19 II but many univalent chromosomes were exhibited in metaphase I. 11. All hybrids including P. glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa showed a little abnormal nuclear plates as laggard chromosome and chromosome bridge in anaphase I and II. 12. The frequency of pollen tetrad and fertile pollen was low in most of the hybrids including P. glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.253-258
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• 2011

To increase utilization of Korean sweet persimmon, white breads containing sweet persimmon were prepared and those characterizations were evaluated. WB (white bread without persimmon), FPB (white bread containing 30% (w/w) persimmon flesh), and WPB (white bread containing 30% (w/w) whole persimmon) were prepared by straight dough method. Specific volumes of WB, FPB, and WPB were 3.51, 2.99 and 3.21 $cm^3$/g, respectively. Loss of bread of WB, FPB, and WPB were 9.81, 7.78, and 8.86%. With addition of sweet persimmon in bread, the lightness (L) was decreased, and the redness (a) and the yellowness (b) were increased. DPPH radical scavenging activity, one of antioxidant activity, of WB, FPB, WPB at concentration of 10 mg/mL was $12.39{\pm}0.135$, $14.57{\pm}0.01$, and $19.57{\pm}0.44%$, respectively. Total phenolic contents of WB, FPB and WPB were $177.05{\pm}5.52$, $185.26{\pm}0.79$, and $216.24{\pm}5.47$ mg GAE/g. Hardness of WB were 175.33 Dyne/$cm^3$, and the value was decreased in FPB and WPB. In sensory test, FPB acquired relatively high points in texture, flavor, taste, and overall acceptance.