• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.142-148
• /
• 1997

제한통성 메탄올 자호세균인 Methylovorus sp. strain SS1은 최적 성장 조건하에서는 소량의 세포외 다당류(EPS)를 생산하였지만, 질소원이 결핍된 성장 조건하에서는 성장속도는 느렸지만 다량의 EPS를 생산하였다. EPS는 배지내의 탄소대 질소 비율이 5.2일 때 가장 많이 생산되었다. EPS 생산을 위한 최적 온도는 30^{\circ}C.$이고 최적 pH는 6.5였다. EPS는 탄수화물과 단백질 및 약간의 피루브산으로 구성되어 있었고, 환원당으로는 다량의 포도당과 소량의 mannose가 존재하였다. 에탄올을 처리한 EPS(EPSae)에는 에탄올을 처리하지 않은 EPS(EPSbe)에 존재하던 피루브산이 존재하지 않았고, EPS보다 단백질의 양도 적고 점성도 낮았다. EPSbe의 점성은 NaCl에 의해 큰 영향을 받았는데, 0.5%(w/v) 농도의 NaCl 용액에서도 점성이 크게 떨어졌으며, 높은 온도에서는 점성이 비가역적으로 크게 증가하였다. Gel filtration 방법으로 조사한 EPSae의 분자량은 $2.5{\times}$10^6$ - $3.5{\times}$10^6$이었다. 냉동건조한 다당류를 전자현미경으로 관찰하였을 때, EPSbe는 섬유모양을 하였고, EPSae는 벌집모양의 망상구조를 하고 있었다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.63-85
• /
• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 중등 가정과 교사들이 어떤 소비자교육 패러다임을 가지는지를 조사하고, 교사들이 가지는 소비자교육패러다임에 영향을 미치는 요인의 상대적 영향력을 규명하고자 한다. 이를 위해 편의 표집한 설문지 205부를 분석 자료로 사용하였다. 분석을 위해 SPSS/win(v. 20.0)을 사용하여 평균, 표준편차, t-검증, 신뢰도 분석, 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면, 첫째, 가정과 교사가 지각한 소비자교육 패러다임에 대한 전체적인 경향을 조사한 결과, 인식측면에서는 비판적 관점의 소비자교육 패러다임이, 실행측면에서는 전통적 관점의 소비자교육패러다임이 우세하였다. 또한 소비자교육구성 요소에 대한 경향을 알아본 결과 소비자교육방법은 비판적 관점의 소비자교육 패러다임이 인식과 실행측면 모두에서 우세하였지만, 소비자교육목적, 소비자교육지식, 소비자, 소비사회는 두 관점이 혼재되어 있었다. 둘째, 소비자교육 패러다임 관련변수의 영향을 살펴본 결과, 가정교육전공과 가정과 교사들이 지각한 교육과정 관점이 의미 있는 변수였다. 이 변수는 소비자교육 패러다임 인식측면에는 의미 있고, 실행측면에는 의미 있지 않았다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.21-32
• /
• 2011

Objective: This study was conducted to describe physical therapists' attitudes and beliefs towards Korean Government's National Long Term Care Insurance Program implemented last July 2008. Design: A survey research. Methodology: Participants were 143 physical therapists working in General Hospitals or University Hospitals in Busan, Korea. Each of the participants completed a questionnaire which was comprised of 22 questions. Among the 22 questions, 7 of these were independent variables such as gender, age, career, etc. while 15 of these questions were dependent variables such as the subject's expectations and reactions on the said program, opinions of the participants on the impact of the program to old people's families and relatives, participant's sentiments on social effects of this program to the society, etc. Data collection was conducted from the $20^{th}$ of July to the $5^{th}$ of August, 2008. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, frequency and cross tabs using SPSS/PC program. Results: Based on the survey conducted, it showed that 50.3% were female respondents, 53.8% were on their twenties, 31.5% of the total respondents were married and that a percentage of 82.4% had working experiences below 10 years. About 80.4% of respondents were satisfied of their jobs and 32.4%of the respondents graduated from three - year college degree, 49.3% of the respondents graduated from four-year college degree. 95.1% of the total respondents knew the existence of the national long term care insurance program of the government and almost 78% got the information of the said program via internet, news paper or T.V. About 86% of the respondents believe that there will be future improvements in the quality of life in Korea through the said program and 82% said that there will be an increase sense of responsibility among family members to take care of their old relatives. 67.2 % of respondents believe that problems regarding old people will be solved through the government's national long term care insurance program. In aspect of Physical Therapy, 50% of the respondents expected generation of more jobs especially to physical therapists and 95% of the respondents want to work in any position in the said program especially those are more experienced ones. Conclusion: Physical Therapists in Korea are aware of the existence of the National Long Term Care Insurance Program of the Korean Government. Based on the gathered results from the survey, many experienced physical therapists of the country wanted to acquire positions in the said program especially that their expertise are needed in the said field. Through this study, it is evident that many physical therapists of the country have positive vibes on the said program and are optimistic on the outcomes of the said insurance program.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.418-425
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations between bone mineral density (BMD) and dietary and non-dietary factors in female college students. The BMD of the subjects (n = 38) was measured using DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) at lumbar spine and three femoral sites including femoral neck, ward's triangle, and femoral trochanter. Three-day 24-hour dietary recall data were collected from each subject to assess consumption levels of nutrients and food groups. The mean (${\pm}SD$) values of age, age of menarche, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fat mass, and % body fat of the subjects were 21.34 (${\pm}1.73$) years, 13.1 (${\pm}1.2$) years, 161.3 (${\pm}5.0$) cm, 53.7 (${\pm}7.2$) kg, 20.6 (${\pm}2.6$) $kg/m^2$, 0.80 (${\pm}0.04$), 15.4 (${\pm}4.4$) kg, and 28.2 (${\pm}4.7$), respectively. The BMD values of lumbar spine, femoral neck, ward's triangle, and femoral trochanter as T-value were $1.150{\pm}0.13\;g/cm^2$, $0.932{\pm}0.11\;g/cm^2$, $0.850{\pm}0.13\;g/cm^2$, and $0.721{\pm}0.10\;g/cm^2$, respectively. The daily mean energy intake of the subjects was 1660.6 kcal. The intake levels of carbohydrate, calcium, iron, vitamin C, and folic acid were lower than the KDRIs, while those of fat, phosphorus, sodium, vitamin A, and vitamin $B_6$ were higher than the KDRIs. Significantly negative correlation were detected between consumption of fat and oils and the BMD of all sites measured (p < 0.05). Potato and starch intake was negatively correlated to the BMD of femoral neck and word's triangle (p < 0.05). The intake of cereals was found to be negatively correlated to the BMD of ward's triangle (p v 0.05). There was also negative correlation of intake of soybeans and products with the BMD of lumbar spine (p < 0.05). Weight and muscle mass were positively correlated to the BMD of both lumbar spine and femurs (p < 0.01). Significantly positive correlations between BMI, and fat mass and the BMD of lumbar spine were observed (p < 0.001). Additionally fat mass was positively correlated to the BMD of femoral neck. WHR and % body fat were positively correlated to the BMD of lumbar spine (p < 0.05). Negative correlation was found between a serum calcium level and the BMD of femoral neck (p < 0.05). In summary non-dietary factors generally showed significant correlations with the BMD of lumbar spine, while several dietary factors showed significant correlations with the BMD of femurs.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.249-264
• /
• 1998

The Creataceous volcanic rocks distributed in the southeastern part (Kyeongsang basin) of Korea peninsula are composed of basalt, basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite and rhyolite. The variation of major elements show that contents of MgO, CaO, $FeO^T$, $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$ and $P_2O_5$ decrease with increasing of $SiO_2$, but $K_2O$ contents are increased slightly, $Na_2O$ widely dispersed. We can show slightly inflection point and low frequency of dacites in range between 63-65 wt.% $SiO_2$, while continuous trend exit in variation diagram. Variation trends in Harker diagrams for the major, minor, trace and REEs suggest that the BAV (basaltic to andesitic volcanics) and DRV (dacitic to rhyolitic volcanics) are not related to a simple crystal fractionation process. In the regime of under 65 wt. % in silica content, fractionation of olivine and clinopyroxene is predominant, while that of plagioclase happens strongly higher than 65 wt.% (e.g., $SiO_2$, vs. Eu and Sr, MgO vs. $Al_2O_3$ and CaO). The latter means low-pressure fractional crystallization for DRV. On the discriminant diagram, DRV are located in more mature environment than BAV. The $(Ce/Sm)_N$ vs. CeN digram shows that these two classes cannot be related to crystal fractionation. If they had been produced by fractionation, although they plotted in a slightly elongate cluster along the same horizontal trend, DRV should lie to the right of these primitive compositions. These diagrams clearly rule out a simple fractionation throughout from BAV to DRV. BAV had been influenced greatly subductiong slab as shown by K/Yb vs. Ta/Yb. We suggest that BAV primitive magma generated higher degree of partial melting than DRV primitive magma. LILE (K, Ba, $Rb{\pm}Th$) enriched characteristics as shown in BAV are inherited from subducting slab fluids and/or higher degree of partial melting of mantle material. However, lower degree of partial melting of mantle relative to BA V and contamination at high-level magma reservoir caused LILE enrichment to DRV.

• 대한한의진단학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.94-109
• /
• 2005

Objectives: This paper investigated the effects of 8 Constitution Acupuncture on Heart Rate Variability(HRV) and is intended to find out 8 Constitutional difference on Autonomous Function after 8 Constitution Acupuncture stimulation. Methods: The subjects were comprised of 42 volunteers(11 men and 31 women). The volunteers had acupunctured by 8 Constitution Acupuncture Therapy. HRV and Mean Heart Rate(MHR) were measured by TAS9v2.0(IEMBIO & Saerom, Korea) on two times: before and immediately after acupuncture stimulation. The SPSS 13.0 for windows was used for statistical analysis: Mann-Whitney U-test, Paired Samples T -test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to verify the results. Results: 1. There was no statistically significant difference on HRV and MHR between Sympathicotonia and Vagotonia before acupuncture. 2. In the whole subject, immediately after acupuncture stimulation, MHR showed a significant decrease(p<0.01) and Ln(TP), Ln(LF) and Ln(HF) showed a significant increase(p<0.05). But there was no significant difference in LHR. 3. Immediately after acupuncture stimulation, MHR showed a significant decrease and Ln(TP), Ln(HF), showed a significant increase in Pulmotonia(p<0.05), Ln(TP) showed a significant increase in Pancretonia(p<0.05),MHR showed a significant decrease and Ln(TP) showed a significant increase in Hepatonia(p<0.05), and MHR showed a significant decrease and Ln(TP), Ln(HF), showed a significant increase in cholecystonia(p<0.05). But there were no significant difference on HRV and MHR in Colonotonia and vesicotonia. Conclusion: The results suggest that 8 Constitution Acupuncture is associated with changed activity in sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Further study is needed for investigating the effects of 8 Constitution Acupuncture on HRV and autonomic nervous system.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.430-430
• /
• 2007

In general, polyimides (PIs) are used in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) as alignment layer of liquid crystals (LCs). Up to date, the rubbing alignment technique has been widely used to align liquid crystals on the PI surface, which is suitable for mass-production of LCDs because of its simple process and high productivity. However, this method has some disadvantages. Rubbed PI surfaces include the debris left by the cloth and the generation of electrostatic charges during rubbing process. Therefore, rubbing-free techniques for LC alignment are strongly required in LCD technology. In this experiment, PI was uniformly coated on indium-tin-oxide electrode substrates to form LC alignment layers using a spin-coating method and the PI layers were subsequently imidized at 433 K for 1 h. The thickness of the PI layer was set at 50 nm. The LC alignment layer surfaces were exposed to an $Ar^+$ ion-beam under various ion-beam energies. The antiparallel cells and twisted-nematic (TN) cells for the measurement of pretile angle and electro-optical characteristics were fabricated with the cell gap of 60 and $5\;{\mu}m$, respectively. The LC cells were filled with nematic LC (NLC, MJ001929, Merck) and were assembled. The NLC alignment capability on ion-beam-treated PI was observed using photomicroscope and the pretilt angle of the NLC was measured by the crystal-rotation method at room temperature. Voltage-transmittance (V-T) and response time characteristics of the ion-beam irradiated TN cell were measured by a LCD evaluation system.

• 한국인구학
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.118-138
• /
• 1985

This paper is aimed to analyse the recent changes in family planning as a step in an evaluation of the results of the population control policy which has been strenuously pursued by the government since December 1981. The data used in this analysis comes from the 1985 national fertility and family planning survey conducted by the Korea Institute for Population and Health (KIPH) in May 1985. According to the 1985 survey data, there have been great changes in both the contraceptive practice and fertility rates since the strengthening of the government's population control policy in 1 981. The contraceptive practice rate for married women aged 15-44 has increased from 57.7% in 1982 to 70.3% in 1985, an increase of 12.6% points in the short span of only 3 years. During the same period, the total fertility rate has declined from 2.7 in 1982 to the population replacement level which was planned to achieve by 1 988. More than 80% of women aged over 30 or with two children or more are practicing contraception, while the practice rates of women with 0-1 children are 14.0% and 45.1% respectively. The survey has revealed that the increase of contraceptive practice rate during 1982-1985 has mainly attributed to the high acceptance of sterilization procedures which practice rate of the married women has increased from 28.1% to 40.3% for the period. Also, the survey data shows that 24.7% of those women with only one child is practicing contraception for thepurpose of fertility termination. The government, taking into account of rapid changes in contraceptive practice and fertility rates, is formulating a population plan during the sixth fiveyear economic and social development plan (1987-1991) to achieve 1% ofpopulation growth rate by 1993, which was planned to realize by 2000. In order to meet this demographic goal, the existing population control policy measures should be improved to be suited to the recent contraceptive use and fertility changes. From this standpoint, the following considerations should be put forth; 1) improvement of the current program management systems including target allocation and evaluation schems for recruiting new acceptors in the young 20s groups to use contraceptives for birth spacing and to increase high continuation rates through the strengthening of follow-up services for the acceptors, 2) increase of self-supporting contraceptive users by promoting commercial advertisements on contraceptives through mass media including T.V. and radio, 3) development of social support policies including incentive schems, and strengthening of IE & C activities for increasing the proportion of the one-child family, 4) strengthening of population and family planning education in and out school youth, and 5) strengthening of management capabilities at the provincial and local program managers.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.470-478
• /
• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (Crassulaceae) has been used in traditional herbal medicines in Korea and other Asian countries to treat various diseases, including liver disorders. In the present study, the anti-fibrotic effects of O. japonicus extract (OJE) in cellular and experimental hepatofibrotic rat models were investigated. MATERIALS/METHODS: An in vitro hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) system was used to estimate cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis by MTT assay, flow cytometry, and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining techniques, respectively. In addition, thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis was established in Sprague Dawley rats. Briefly, animals were divided into five groups (n = 8): Control, TAA, OJE 10 (TAA with OJE 10 mg/kg), OJE 100 (TAA with OJE 100 mg/kg) and silymarin (TAA with Silymarin 50 mg/kg). Fibrosis was induced by treatment with TAA (200 mg/kg, i.p.) twice per week for 13 weeks, while OJE and silymarin were administered orally two times per week from week 7 to 13. The fibrotic related gene expression serum biomarkers glutathione and hydroxyproline were estimated by RT-PCR and spectrophotometry, respectively, using commercial kits. RESULTS: OJE (0.5 and 0.1 mg/ mL) and silymarin (0.05 mg/mL) treatment significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) induced apoptosis (16.95% and 27.48% for OJE and 25.87% for silymarin, respectively) in HSC-T6 cells when compared with the control group (9.09%). Further, rat primary HSCs showed changes in morphology in response to OJE 0.1 mg/mL treatment. In in vivo studies, OJE (10 and 100 mg/kg) treatment significantly ameliorated TAA-induced alterations in levels of serum biomarkers, fibrotic related gene expression, glutathione, and hydroxyproline (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) and rescued the histopathological changes. CONCLUSIONS: OJE can be developed as a potential agent for the treatment of hepatofibrosis.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2012

신호교차로의 효과척도는 신호교차로의 신호시간을 최적화 하고 단속류의 교통류를 관리하는데 기준이 되는 척도이다. 일반적으로 교차로나 네트워크를 주행하는 차량의 평균 지체시간을 줄이기 위하여 지체시간을 효과척도로 사용하고, 일부 교통축을 개선하거나 버스의 우선 통행을 위하여 연동효율을 효과척도로 사용하기도 한다. 교통류를 관리하고자 하는 현장 상황이나 목적에 따라 두 개의 효과척도 중 하나를 선택하여 각 척도의 목적에 맞게 신호시간을 관리하고 운영하고 있다. 그러나 실제 운전자가 도로를 주행할 때는 척도와 상관없이 대기시간이 짧을 수록, 교차로에서의 불필요한 정지가 적을수록 운전자의 만족도는 커진다. 본 연구는 지체시간과 연동성 구분없이 두 개를 동시에 고려하여 반영할 수 있는 시뮬레이션 모형을 개발하고자 한다. 기존의 연동폭 최대화 모형에서 반영하지 못한 교통량 수준과 정지선에 미리 대기하고 있던 잔여차량의 영향을 고려하기 위하여 밀도-교통량 곡선을 이용한 충격파 모형을 적용하였다. Daganzo의 Cell Transmission Model을 차용하여 지체시간과 연동지표를 개발하고 시뮬레이션 모형을 구축하였다. 본 모형의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 기존 지체시간 모형인 Transyt-7F와 연동폭 최대화 모형은 PASSERⅤ를 기준으로 지체시간과 연동효율을 산출하여 비교분석하였다.