• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.295-303
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• 2012

본 연구는 DEPHANOX 공정내 분리조에 Al(III) ($Al_2(SO_4)_3{\cdot}17H_2O$)를 주입하여 유출수의 T-P 농도를 0.2 mg/L 이하로 유지하기 위한 주입량을 도출하고 Al(III) 첨가에 따른 질소 및 인 제거 효율을 평가하였다. 반응조 내에 Al(III)을 5, 10, 15 mg/L주입하여도 pH와 알칼리도 저감에 대한 영향은 나타나지 않았으며 반응조 내의 pH는 7~8 사이로 유지하였다. 응집제의 주입량이 증가할수록 유기물과 T-N 제거효율은 감소하였으나, T-P 제거효율은 주입량이 5, 10, 15 mg/L로 증가할수록 76.28, 84.02, 94.66% 증가하였다. Al(III)주입량 15 mg/L에서 유출수의 T-P 농도는 0.17 mg/L로 관찰되어 유출수의 T-P 농도를 0.2 mg/L 이하로 유지하기 위한 Al(III)의 주입량은 최소 15 mg/L 이상임을 확인하였다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2010

Background: We tested the hypothesis that dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is associated with a $T_H1$-skewed immune response as opposed to dengue fever (DF). Methods: We estimated intracellular (in T-cells) and serum levels of designate $T_H1/T_H2$ cytokines [interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$] and macrophage inflammatory protein-$1{\alpha}$ (MIP-$1{\alpha}$) at admission, 48h, and day 5 in 20 adults with dengue (DF=10, DHF=10) and 10 dengue-naive healthy controls. Results: At admission, intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$/IL-4 ratio in CD4+ T-cells and proportion of MIP-$1{\alpha}$-positive CD8+ T-cells were significantly higher in patients with DHF [7.21 (5.36~10.81) vs. 3.04 (1.75~4.02); p=0.011 and 6.2% (3.2~8.2%) vs. 2.4% (2.0~3.6%); p=0.023]. The latter showed a significant positive correlation with IFN-${\gamma}$/IL-4 ratio in CD4+ T-cells (Spearman's rho=0.64; p=0.003), percentage-change in haematocrit (rho=0.47; p=0.048), and serum alanine amino-transferase level (rho=0.61; p=0.009). Conclusion: We conclude that DHF is associated with a $T_H1$-skewed immune response. Further, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ in CD8+ T-cells is an important immunologic correlate of disease severity in dengue.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.777-789
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• 2016

In this paper, we establish some new oscillation criteria for the second-order forced nonlinear functional dynamic equations with damping term $$(r(t)x^{\Delta}(t))^{\Delta}+q({\sigma}(t))x^{\Delta}(t)+p(t)f(x({\tau}(t)))=e(t)$$, and $$(r(t)x^{\Delta}(t))^{\Delta}+q(t)x^{\Delta}(t)+p(t)f(x({\sigma}(t)))=e(t)$$, on a time scale ${\mathbb{T}}$, where r(t), p(t) and q(t) are real-valued right-dense continuous (rd-continuous) functions [1] defined on ${\mathbb{T}}$ with p(t) < 0 and ${\tau}:{\mathbb{T}}{\rightarrow}{\mathbb{T}}$ is a strictly increasing differentiable function and ${\lim}_{t{\rightarrow}{\infty}}{\tau}(t)={\infty}$. No restriction is imposed on the forcing term e(t) to satisfy Kartsatos condition. Our results generalize and extend some pervious results [5, 8, 10, 11, 12] and can be applied to some oscillation problems that not discussed before. Finally, we give some examples to illustrate our main results.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2017

This effect of Monascus and Laccaic acid on the chemical composition, physical, texture and sensory properties of sausage were investigated during storage. Eight treatments (T) of sausage such as T1 (12 ppm sodium nitrite), while T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T7 were formulated with different ratios of Monascus/Laccaic acid: 63/7.0, 108/12, 135/15, 59.5/10.5, 102/18 and 127.5/22.5 ppm, respectively. The batch formulated without nitrite or Monascus and laccaic acid was served as control (C). The control sausages had higher pH values compared to the treated ones at 3, 10 and 28 d storage (p<0.05). After 10 d storage, the pH values decreased in treated sausage samples (p<0.05). The T1 and T4 presented the lowest yellowness and lightness values, respectively over the storage period. The redness values were increased as increasing Monascus and Laccaic acid amounts (T2-T4, T5-T7). The addition of Monascus and Laccaic acid had significantly higher hardness and springiness values (p<0.05) compared with the control in 3, 19 or 28 d storage. The results indicated that the addition of Monascus and Laccaic acid could improve the redness of the products.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.457-462
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• 2002

Low Electromagnetic Field (EMF) intensity in the range of $1{\mu}T\;to\;10{\mu}T$(Tesla) was found to enhance the growth of CHO cells and the production of tPA in batch and perfusion cultivations. At $1{\mu}T\;intensity,\;1.3{\times}10^7$ viable cells/ml of maximum cell density and 80 mg/l of maximum tPA production were obtained in batch cultivation, compared to $2.8{\times}10^6$ viable cells/ml and 59 mg tPA/1 in unexposed case (control). A similar trend was observed in the perfusion process, where it was possible to obtain $1.2{\times}10^7$ viable cells/ml of maximum cell density and 81 mg tPA/l of maximum tPA production by more than 80 days of cultivation. However, there was not much difference between $1{\mu}T\;and\;10{\mu}T$ in perfusion cultivation, possibly due to better environmental growth conditions being maintained by continuous feeding of fresh medium into the reactor. On the contrary, both cell growth and tPA production were severely inhibited at higher than 1 mT intensity, showing no growth at 10 mT exposure. Specific growth rate was linearly correlated to specific tPA production rate at $1{\mu}T$EMF intensity, which represents a partially growth-related relationship. It was also found that a large amount of $Ca^2+$ was released at low EMF intensity, even though the cell growth was not much affected. Low EMF intensity significantly improved both cell growth and tPA production, and tPA production seemed to be more affected than the cell growth, possibly due to the changes of cell membrane characteristics. It can be concluded that the elaboration of EMF intensity less than $10{\mu}T$ could improve cell growth and tPA production, but mainly tPA secretion through batch or perfusion process in a bioreactor.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.258-264
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate emulsion mapping between emulsion stability and cooking yields, apparent viscosity, and hardness of reduced-fat pork emulsion systems. The reduced-fat emulsion systems were supplemented with different lipid types and brown rice bran fiber (BRF) concentrations. Compared to the control with 30% back fat, lower emulsion stability and higher cooking yield of meat emulsion systems were observed in T1 (30% back fat+1% BRF), T2 (30% back fat+2% BRF), T3 (30% back fat+3% BRF), T4 (30% back fat+6% BRF), and T15 (10% back fat+10% canola oil+2% BRF). Lower emulsion stability and higher apparent viscosity were observed in T1, T2, T3, T4, and T8 (20% back fat+3% BRF) compared to the control. Lower emulsion stability and higher hardness was detected in all treatments compared with the control, except T5 (20% back fat), T10 (10% back fat+10% canola oil+2% BRF), T11 (10% back fat+10% olive oil+2% BRF), T12 (10% back fat+10% grape seed oil+2% BRF), and T13 (10% back fat+10% soybean oil+2% BRF). This approach has been found particularly useful for highlighting differences among the emulsified properties in emulsion meat products. Thus, the results obtained with emulsion mapping are useful in making emulsified meat products of desired quality characteristics, partially replacing pork back fat with a mix of 10% back fat, 10% canola oil and 2% BRF was most similar to the control with 30% pork back fat.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2008

This paper presents and discusses the experimental results on the F10T high strength bolts used in the T-flange joint structure. The experimental works were carried out for the parameters which are flange web thickness, the distance between bolts, prying ratio. The results show that the working stress imposed to bolts decreases as the flange web thickness increases on the other hand the imposed stress to the bolts increases as the distance between two bolts increases. In other words the strength of the T-flange joint increased as the web flange thickness increases and the distance between two bolts decreases. The prying ratio is increased as the distance between two bolts increases and as the flange web thickness decreases However, the degree of stress decrease in flange thickness variation is not that high as the distance variation between two bolts. Finally the equation for predicting the failure stress in T-flange joint structure using F10T high strength bolts was suggested.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2018

IoT 장치는 클라우드 환경에서 다양한 역할과 기능을 수행할 수 있도록 여러 분야에서 사용되고 있다. 그러나, IoT 장치를 안정적으로 제어할 수 있는 접근제어에 대한 방안은 아직 구체적으로 제시되고 있지 않은 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 클라우드 환경에서 사용되고 있는 IoT 장치의 안정적인 접근을 수행할 수 있는 계층적 기반의 다단계 속성 접근제어 기법을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 IoT 장치의 원활한 접근을 돕기 위해서 IoT Hub을 두어 IoT 장치에 고유한 ID 키(보안 토큰)를 제공할 뿐만 아니라 수 있도록 하는 X.509 인증서 및 개인 키를 IoT Hub에서 인증하도록 하여 IoT 장치의 개인키를 IoT 장치 외부에서 알 수 없도록 하였다. 성능평가 결과, 제안방법은 기존 기법보다 인증 정확도가 평균 10.5% 향상되었으며 처리 시간도 14.3% 낮은 결과를 얻었다. IoT 속성 수에 따른 IoT Hub의 오버헤드는 기존 기법보다 9.1% 낮은 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.218-223
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• 1997

과냉각액체구역(${\Delta}T_{x}=T_{x}-T_{g}$)을 갖는 $Fe_{80}P_{10}C_{6}B_{4}$ 조성에 천이금속(Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt및 Cu)를 첨가하여 이들 원소가 유리화온도($T_{g}$), 결정화온도($T_{x}$) 및 과냉액체구역 (${\Delta}T_{x}$)에 미치는 영향에 \ulcorner여 조사하였다. $Fe_{80}P_{10}C_{6}B_{4}$ 합금의 ${\Delta}T_{x}$ 값은 27K였으나 이 합금에 Hf, Ta 및 Mo을 각각 4at%첨가하면 그 값이 40k 이상으로 증가하였다. 이같은 ${\Delta}T_{x}$ 값의 증가는 유리화온도($T_{g}$의 상승보다 결정화온도($T_{x}$)의 상승폭이 크기 때문이다. $T_{g}$ 및 $T_{x}$는 외각전자밀도(e/a)가 약 7.38에서 7.05로 감소할수록 상승하였다. e/a의 감소는 천이금속과 다른 구성원소(반금속)사이의 상호결합상태를 의미한다. 즉 $T_{g}$ 및 $T_{x}$의 상승은 강한 상호결합력에 기인하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2010

통보리 분쇄 사료를 급여 수준별로 5개 처리구(C:무처리구, T1: 10% 첨가, T2: 20%, T3: 30%, T4: 40% 첨가)를 두고, 비육후기 5개월 동안(각 처리 구별 6두, 총 30두 공시) 처리구별로 각각 급여한 후 48시간 육안 관찰 한 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 총 채식량(농후사료+조사료)은 T4 (9.96kg) > T1 (9.42kg) > C (9.22kg) > T3 (8.91kg) > T2 (8.51kg) 순으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 채식시간은 T4 > T3 > C > T1 > T2구 순이였으며 (P<0.01), 반추시간은 T4 > T1 > C > T3 > T2구 순으로 나타났다 (P<0.05). 그러나 휴식시간은 반추시간과 반대로 T2 > T1 > C > T3 > T4 순으로 나타났다(P<0.01). 채식시간과 반추시간을 합한 저작 시간은 T4 (392.5 min.) > T3 (331.4 min.) > C (329.4 min) > T1 (327.2 min) > T2 (276.3 min.) 순으로 나타났다(P<0.01). 식괴수, 총 저작수, 식괴당 저작수, 사료가치지수는 각각 190.9개, 9,129.4회, 47.8회, 39.4 (분/kg)으로 T4구가 가장 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). 식괴당 반추시간은 C구가 가장 높고 T3구가 가장 낮게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 분당 식괴수는 T3 가장 높고 C구가 가장 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 채식율과 저작효율은 T2구에서 가장 높았지만(P<0.01, 0.05), 반추효율에서는 T1구가 가장 높았다. 그리고 군 행동에서는 휴식(78.5%) > 반추(11.4%) > 채식(10.1%)순으로, 군 행동 중 서서 휴식은 T3 > C > T2 >T1 >T4 구 순으로 높게 나타났다.