• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.185-212
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• 2011

The faith in St. Mary of Guadalupe is supposed to be concerned not as reminiscence of historical events or legends, but organic product of having nowness. It's an organism that can not be stay in a fixed type. From the perspectives of syncretism the coexistence of heterogeneous elements (Symbiosis) between Catholicism and Aztec's religion has been changed constantly depending on the necessity and function of the subjects who have dreamed the social integration. It's fundamentally clear that the faith in St. Mary of Guadalupe is still valid phenomenon in the modern Mexican society and that the faith is an aspect of popular catholicism which includes the remaining elements of the religion of the Aztecs. This is to understand the meanings of the perception of the contemporary mexicans on the phenomenon for the faith in St. Mary of Guadalupe. Through in-depth interviews, it is revealed that a high rate of sharing of the information does not mean the proportional acceptance of the history. It's a interesting point to see that the mexicans consider the faith in St. Mary of Guadalupe catholic belief, having a feeling of strong tie between themselves and the Aztec's religion. In spite of the historical conflicts over the veracity of St. Mary of Gaudalupe, the majority of the contemporary mexicans consider the faith positive element to consolidate the nationality and socio-cultural identity of $M{\acute{e}}xico$ against the socio-political and ethnic conflicts in the Mexican Society.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.214-223
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• 2021

This study compared the quality, cooking, textural, and palatability characteristics between sous-vide (SV) cooked pork loin patties with different searing treatments (ST). Before SV cooking, STs were conducted on each side of the pork loin patties for 0 (control) to 120 s (ST120), and all patties were then cooked using an SV cooker at 75℃ for 120 min. Noticeable differences were observed in quality properties between the groups. The seared SV loin patties exhibited lower lightness and higher browning index values compared to the unseared SV loin patties (p<0.001). Cooking loss gradually increased with increasing ST times, and the control group had a lower percentage compared to the ST60 group (19.5 vs. 25.7%, p<0.001). Changes in cooking properties were associated with the extent of ST, and the ST groups exhibited a higher hardness value compared to the control group (p<0.001). Regarding palatability, loin patties from the control group scored lower in appearance acceptability compared to patties from the ST groups (p<0.05) due to extent of browning on the surface. Moreover, the ST groups did exhibit a higher flavor intensity compared to the control group, but no differences were observed in tenderness and juiciness scores between the control and ST60 groups. Due to these results, the ST60 group exhibited a greater score in overall acceptability compared to the other groups except for the ST90 group. Therefore, an additional ST before SV cooking can achieve a more appealing appearance and palatability as well as to enhance the availability of pork loin.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2015

The biological characteristics of Bacillus sp.CPB-St as a probiotic strain to control fish streptococcosis was determined. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, Bacillus sp.CPB-St was identified as Bacillus pumilus and named B. pumilus CPB-St (Abbreviated as CPB-St). Growth inhibitory activity of CPB-St against Streptococcus spp. was examined at three different incubation temperatures ($20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, and $30^{\circ}C$) and three culture media (NA, TSA, and BHIA) based on the diameter of inhibition zone. Its activity (inhibition zone of 11~29 mm) at $20^{\circ}C$ was higher than that (12~21 mm) at $30^{\circ}C$. Its activity (29 mm) in NA media was the same as that (29 mm) in TSA media. However, it was higher than that (22 mm) in BHIA media. The inhibitory activity of CPB-St against Streptococcus spp. was high at pH7. However, its activity was the same at salinity of 0.5% to 3%. CPB-St showed maximum growth after incubation at $25^{\circ}C$ for 48 h. To use CPB-St as probiotics, settlement studies in fish intestine and its efficacy through feeding are needed. CPB-St was highly resistant to gastric juice at pH4 and flounder's bile salt as well as deoxycholic acid at $300{\mu}g/ml$. CPB-St showed optimal viability in 1% NaCl. It showed similar growth in 0% to 7% NaCl. CPB-St could tolerate $-20^{\circ}C$ and $-70^{\circ}C$ for 45 min. There was no difference in the growth of the strain between room temperature and $4^{\circ}C$. Fish diet supplemented with CPB-St could be stored at low temperature without cell loss. Therefore, CPB-St might be used as probiotics to control streptococcosis of fish.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2010

Background: Smoking reduces pulmonary function and induces various lung diseases. Recently, the rate of emphysema detection has increased due to lung cancer screening with low-dose chest computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in lung function associated with emphysema in healthy smokers. Methods: One hundred and ninety one healthy smokers, who had undergone a low-dose chest CT (LDCT) scan as part of lung cancer screening and had revisited the health center after a median 23.9 months' time, were recruited into this study. The severity of emphysema was calculated by the direct observation of a radiologist and a pulmonologist indipendently. Longitudinal changes in lung function according to emphysema based on LDCT and type of smoker was analyzed. Results: Of the participants in this study, 25% of healthy smokers had emphysema, which was mild in severity, in older patients (p=0.003) and in heavy smokers (p<0.001). $FEV_1/FVC$ and FEF25-75% were decreased in current smokers with emphysema (p=0.001 and p=0.009, respectively) and without emphysema (p=0.001 and p=0.042). Although lung function was not decreased in ex-smokers without emphysema, $FEV_1/FVC$ and FEF25-75% were decreased in ex-smoker with emphysema (p=0.020 and p=0.010). Conclusion: Upon examination with LDCT, the prevalence of emphysema was higher in healthy smokers was than in non-smokers. Lung function was diminished in smokers with emphysema, in spite of former smoker.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.608-612
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• 2007

A 4-year-old castrated male Cocker spaniel was referred with chief complaint of pelvic limbs paralysis and trembling. This dog was diagnosed as a case of myelomalacia complicated with intervertebral disc disease(IVDD) by radiography and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). This patient was treated by injection-AP with apitoxin, herbal medicine and moxibustion. The acupoints such as GV02-1, GV04, GV11, GV12, GV13, GV14, BL11, BL18, BL23, BL25, BL28, GB21, HT07, KI03, LI04, LU07, SI03, SI06, ST36, ST38, ST39, ST40, ST41, GB30, GB31, GB34, Liv03, SP06 and trigger points($T1{\sim}T4\;and\;T9{\sim}L1$) were used for treatment. At the session 1, the dog could not stand and move the limbs. However, gradual improvement of clinical signs was observed after 7, 14 and 21 session of treatment. Although the clinical signs related to pelvic paralysis were not completely abolished with TVM methods, this case showed the marked improvement of clinical signs after 21 sessions of treatment. In conclusion, the present patient was a case with canine myelomalacia complicated with IVDD which showed not so complete but somewhat improvement by TVM method.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.78-84
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• 2018

Purpose: To investigate the hemodynamic risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), we analyzed the characteristics of descending aorta (DA) blood flow in preterm neonates, who later developed NEC. Methods: This was an observational case-control study on 53 preterm neonates at a tertiary referral center. Clinical and echocardiographic data were collected from 23 preterm neonates with NEC (NEC group), and compared with those of 30 preterm neonates without NEC (control group). Echocardiography was done at a median (interquartile range) of 5 (3-9) days after birth and 2 (1-2.5) days before the diagnosis of NEC. Results: Basic clinical characteristics including gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, breast feeding status, use of umbilical catheters, and mode of invasive ventilator care were similar between the groups. Compared with the control group, the lowest diastolic velocity of DA was significantly decreased, whereas the diastolic reverse flow and the ratio of diastolic reverse to systolic forward flows were significantly increased in the NEC group. In addition, the resistive index (RI) of DA was significantly increased in the NEC group and showed a positive association with the development of NEC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increasing RI of DA was an independent risk factor for the development of NEC (P=0.008). Conclusion: Significant changes in DA flow characteristics including decreased diastolic velocity and increased diastolic reverse flow along with increased peripheral vascular resistance were observed before the development of NEC in preterm neonates. These findings may help clinicians stratify in advance neonates at a risk of developing NEC and may help improve outcomes in these neonates.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the multimodality treatment with neoadjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for resectable clinical T1-3N0-1M0 malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Materials and Methods: A total of eleven patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy between March 2016 and June 2018 were reviewed. Patients received 25 Gy in 5 fractions to entire ipsilateral hemithorax with helical tomotherapy. Results: All of patients were men with a median age of 56 years. Epithelioid subtype was found in 10 patients. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with pemetrexed-cisplatin regimen. Ten patients (90.9%) completed 25 Gy/5 fractions and one (9.0%) completed 20 Gy/4 fractions of radiotherapy. IMRT was well tolerated with only one acute grade 3 radiation pneumonitis. Surgery was performed 1 week (median, 8 days; range, 1 to 15 days) after completing IMRT. Extrapleural pneumonectomy was performed in 4 patients (36.3%), extended pleurectomy/decortication in 2 (18.2%) and pleurectomy/decortications in 5 (63.6%). There was no grade 3+ surgical complication except two deaths after EPP in 1 month. Based on operative findings and pathologic staging, adjuvant chemotherapy was delivered in 7 patients (63.6%), and 2 (18.2%) were decided to add adjuvant radiotherapy. After a median follow-up of 14.6 months (range, 2.8 to 30 months), there were 3 local recurrence (33.3%) and 1 distant metastasis (11.1%). Conclusion: Neoadjuvant entire pleural IMRT can be delivered with a favorable radiation complication. An optimal strategy has to be made in resectable MPM patients who would benefit from neoadjuvant radiation and surgery. Further studies are needed to look at long-term outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.718-728
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• 2015

The fish community and inhabiting status of introduced fish were surveyed at nine stations of Gangeungnamdae stream from September 2013 to May 2014. A total of 36 species of fourteen families were collected from the survey stations and among them, Pungitius sinensis was identified as endangered species. There were nine Korean endemic species (25%) including Coreoleuciscus splendidus. Dominant species were Rhynchocypris steindachneri (St. 1), Zacco koreanus (St. 2, 4, 5, 6), Ladislabia taczanowskii (St. 3)), Zacco platypus (St. 7, 8) and Tribolodon hakonensis (St. 9). Of the 11 introduced species fishes in Gangeungnamdae stream, L. taczanowskii, Pungtungia herzi, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Squalidus gracilis majimae, Pseudogobio esocinus, Rhynchocypris kumgangensis, Z. platypus, Z. koreanus, Koreocobitis rotundicaudata, Liobagrus andersoni and Coreoperca herzi were released from Han river water zone in Korean. Rapidly expanded population and distribution of introduces fishes were Z. platypus, Z. koreanus, P. herzi and S. gracilis majimae, but L. taczanowskii, C. splendidus, R. kumgangensis were not rapidly expanded population. Settlement but very small population fishes were C. herzi and L. andersoni. When reduced 3% fishes of relative abundance with previous data (1973), R. steindachneri, Orthrias toni, Iksookimia pacifica, Plecoglossus altivelis, P. sinensis and Gymnogobius urotaenia, and R. steindachneri was most reduced from 56.1% to 12.9%.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.23 no.1 s.29
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• pp.57-64
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• 1990

Since the reservoir of leptospires organism is consisted of a broad spectrum of animals, the best method of prevention is vaccination. The clinical trial of leptospires vaccine conducted on human volunteer for its immunogenicity and safety. Summarized results are as following : 1. The Oral temperature among vaccinated group ranged from $36.7{\pm}0.46^{\circ}C\;to\;37.0{\pm}0.34^{\circ}C$, while in placebo injected group it ranged from $36.4{\pm}0.46^{\circ}C\;to\;36.7{\pm}0.53^{\circ}C$. There was no association between vaccination and fever (p>0.05) 2. Mild local reactions revealed in vaccinees were swelling (50-75% ), Redness($75{\sim}90%$), and induration ($25{\sim}40%$). Placebo injected group revealed only redness in 12.5% in 1st injection and 37.5% in second injection. The duration local reactions on injection site for th vaccinees and place groups disappeared within 48 hours. 3. Generalized Symptoms complained by the vaccinees were myalgia (25%), back pain(15%), headache (15%), pruritus(15%), and abdominal pain(10%), whereas placebo group complained of headache (25%), myalgia(12.5%), back pain(12.5%), pain in eyes(12.5%), abdominal pain(12.5%) pruritus (12.5%) and nausea(12.5%). 4. The serological test(MAT) of vaccinees showed geometric mean antibody titer as follows : a. L. icterohemorrhagiae lai 1 week after 1st vaccination : 22.45 1 week after 2nd vaccination : 111.23 3 week after 2nd vaccination : 266.64 b. L. canicola canicola 1 week after 1st vaccination : 24.62 1 week after 2nd vaccination : 123.92 3 week after 2nd vaccination : 276.55 c. L. icterohemorrhagiae copenhageni 1 week after 1st vaccination : 28.28 1 week after 2nd vaccination : 128.55 3 week after 2nd vaccination : 247.88 Whereas all of the place injected group showed below 1:20 titers. The sero-conversion rate of vaccinees were 100 percent.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was radiographic analysis of the morphology of maxillary sinus in adolescents and adults. In order to analize the morphology of maxillary sinus in view point of anteroposterior width of medial wall, vertical distance between antral floor and nasal floor level, anterior extension, distance between antral floor and maxillary 1st molar apex, and types of lower border of maxillary sinus, specialized maxillary projection and periapical view with paralleling technique was taken. The author examined orthopantomograms and intraoral standard views taken from 400 adolescents and adults ranged 15-65 year-old. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The antero-posterior width of medial wall of maxillary sinus was 32.80mm in 15-19 year-old group, 33.86㎜ in 20-24 year-old group, 34.09㎜ in 25-29 year-old group, and 33.67㎜ in 30-65 year-old group, and the left maxillary sinus was somewhat smaller than the right. 2. The vertical distance between antral floor and nasal floor level was 8.49㎜ in 15-19 year-old group, 9.05㎜ in 20-24 year-old group, 8.95㎜ in 25-29 year-old group, and 8.32㎜ in 30-65 year-old group. 3. The order of anterior extension of maxillary sinus were distal half of canine, mesial half of canine, mesial half of 1st premolar, and distal half of 1st premolar. 4. The distance between antral floor and maxillary 1st molar were 4.36㎜ in 15-19 year-old group, 4.77㎜ in 20-24 year-old group, 3.58㎜ in 25-29 year-old group, and 2.33㎜ in 30-65 year-old group. 5. The order of the types of lower border of maxillary sinus were entire downward type, close type, partially downward type, waving type, separating type, and indistinct. In the types of antral floor, there was a tendency to increase the seperating type with age.