• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2001

The ion chromatography for the separation of plutonium species which are suggested to be $Pu^{3+}$, $Pu^{4+}$, $PuO_2{^+}$ and $PuO_2{^{2+}}$ in natural water was studied. Two separation methods were performed; 1) two-column method containing each of $SiO^-$ and SiO-$SO_3{^-}$ cation exchanger, 2) IC with AG11 column and the eluent of oxalate/nitric acid. Separation conditions for $Eu^{3+}$, $Th^{4+}$, $NpO_2{^+}$, $UO_2{^{2+}}$ in place of plutonium species were acquired from preliminary tests. When these conditions were applied to separate the plutonium species, two-column method was separated them successfully. However, the IC method with oxalate eluent was difficult in the separation of plutonium species due to the change of $Pu^{3+}$ and $PuO_2{^{2+}}$ to $Pu^{4+}$ and $PuO_2{^+}$ respectively.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.812-825
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• 2019

Two dolomite samples mined from the different mines were calcined using a batch-type microwave kiln ($950/60min^{\circ}C$) to produce $CaO{\cdot}MgO$. The hydration of the $CaO{\cdot}MgO$ samples shows different reactivity. MgO was separated by reacting with a strong acid cation exchange resin using the reactivity of the hydration properties of light dolomite ($CaO{\cdot}MgO$). Calcium ($Ca-(R-SO_3)_2$) was separated from the prepared $CaO{\cdot}MgO$ by the cation exchange resin ($CaO{\cdot}MgO:R-SO_3H=1:12mass%$). High purity MgO (higher than 94 mass %) with unburned $CaCO_3$ (1~2 mass %) was obtained by the separation process. The separated MgO was heated at $950^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes to afford high purity MgO with MgO content higher than 96%. And High-grade $CaCO_3$ was prepared from the reaction with calcium adsorbed resin ($Ca-(R-SO_3)_2$) and NaOH, $CO_2$ gas.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.848-852
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• 2005

The two important problems to solve before the industrialization of the iodine-sulfur (IS) process are (i) methods to separate $H_2SO_4$ and HI and (ii) to maintain constant components. However undesired reaction was occurred and $H_2S$ and S were formed during the Bunsen reaction. It is necessary to forbid the undesired reaction between $H_2SO_4$ and HI by separating the two acids into two different layers. The experimental conditions for the present study was chosen in such a way that to achieve the separation between the two acids and minimize the side reaction. $H_2S$ formation was reduced and the separations of the two liquids were occurred at $H_2O$ molar fraction from 0.86 to 0.909. But the separations between the two liquids were not occurred at $H_2O$ molar fraction more than 0.92.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2011

$SO_2$ has been absorbed and separated selectively by an ionic liquid from $SO_2/O_2$ mixture decomposed from sulfuric acid during the thermochemical SI cycle for the water splitting. In order to design and operate high pressure $SO_2/O_2$ separation system, the solubility of $SO_2$ in [EMIm]$EtSO_4$ (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate) has been measured by Magnetic Suspension Balance at high pressure and temperature. Based on the measured solubility, a pressurized separation system was set up and operated. 194 L/h of $SO_2$($SO_2:O_2$=0.65:1) has been separated with 99.85% of $O_2$ at the vent of absorption tower, which is 22.7% of the theoretically ideal capacity of the system. This discrepancy results from the reduced contact between the gaseous $SO_2$ and the ionic liquid. Increased $SO_2$ supply, scale-up of the absorption column, and a faster ionic liquid circulation speed were suggested to improve the separation capacity.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 1995

Bacillus subtilis SH-1 have been isolated and identified from coastal sea, in Pusan, The optimal cultural characterization of Bacillus subtilis SH-1 for 속 production of bacteriolytic enzyme was determained. Bacillus subtilis SH-1 produced the bacteriolytic enzyme well in the medium consist of 1.0% glucose, 1.0% yeast extract, 1.0% NaCI, 0.02% $K_2HPO_4,\;0.002%\;MgSo_4{\cdot}7H_2O,\;0.001%\;MnSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O,\;0.0001%\;FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$. The optimal medium pH, incubation temperature, and shaking tome for the highest production of the enzyme were 8.0, $30^{\circ}C$ and 28 hours respectively.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2008

The feasibility of ionic liquid as a novel absorbent of $SO_2$ for the separation of $SO_2$ from $SO_2/O_2$ mixture in the thermochemical IS(Iodine-Sulfur) cycle was investigated. 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methylsulfate ([DMIm]$MeSO_4$) had shown twenty five times higher solubility of $SO_2$ than that of $O_2$. The dependence of $SO_2$ solubility by [DMIm]$MeSO_4$ on temperature and $SO_2$ partial pressure was examined, which confirmed the possibility of temperature and pressure swing for the separation process. Through cyclic absorption and desorption with temperature swing the stability of [DMIm]$MeSO_4$ in the separation process was also demonstrated. As a result of the experiments carried out, $SO_2$ separation from $SO_2/O_2$ mixture with ionic liquid([DMIm]$MeSO_4$) can be applied to the thermochemical IS cycle.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.395-402
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• 2006

Iodine-sulfur(IS) hydrogenation production process consists of three sections, which are so called a Bunsen reaction section, a HI decomposition section and a $H_2SO_4$ decomposition section as a closed cycle. For highly efficient operation of a Bunsen reaction section, we investigated the phase separation characteristics of $H_2SO_4-HI-H_2O-I_2$ system into two liquid phases($H_2SO_4$-rich phase and $HI_x$-rich phase) in the high temperature ranges, mainly from 353 to 393 K, and in the $H_2SO_4/HI/H_2O/I_2$ molar ratio of $1/2/14{\sim}30/0.3{\sim}13.50$. The desired results for the minimization of impurities in each phase were obtained in conditions with the higher temperature and the higher $I_2$ molar composition. On the basis of the distribution of $H_2O$ to each phase, it is appeared that the affinity between $HI_x$ and $H_2O$ was more superior to that between $H_2SO_4$ and $H_2O$.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2011

During the maintenance, repair and replacement process of circuit breaker, $SF_6$ reacted with input air in arc discharge, which led to the production of by-product gases (eg, $N_2$, $O_2$, $CF_4$, $SO_2$, $H_2O$, HF, $SOF_2$, $CuF_2$, $WO_3$). Among these various by-product gases, $N_2$, $O_2$, $CF_4$ is major component. Therefore, the effective separation process is necessary to recycle the $SF_6$ gas from the mixture gas containing $N_2$, $O_2$, $CF_4$. In this study, the membrane separation process was applied to recycle the $SF_6$ gas from the mixture gas containing $N_2$, $O_2$, $CF_4$. The concentration of $SF_6$ gas in gas produced from the electric power industry is over than 90 vol%. Therefore, we made the simulated gas containing $N_2$, $O_2$, $CF_4$, $SF_6$ which the concentration of $SF_6$ gas is minimum 90 vol%. From the results of membrane separation process of $SF_6$ gas from $N_2$, $O_2$, $CF_4$ $SF_6$ mixture gases, PSF membrane shown the highest recovery efficiency 92.7%, in $25^{\circ}C$ and 150 cc/min of retentate flow rate. On the other hand, PC membrane shown the highest recovery efficiency 74.8%, in $45^{\circ}C$ and 150 cc/min of retentate flow rate. Also, the highest rejection rate of $N_2$, $O_2$, $CF_4$ is 80, 74 and 58.9% seperately in the same operation condition of highest recovery efficiency. From the results, we supposed the membrane separation process as the effective $SF_6$ separation and recycle process from the mixture gas containing $N_2$, $O_2$, $CF_4$, $SF_6$.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.410-416
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• 2006

For highly efficient operation of a Bunsen process section in an iodine-sulfur thermochemical hydrogen production cycle using nuclear heat, the process characteristics of $H_2SO_4-HI-H_2-O-I_2$ mixture system for separating into two liquid phases ($H_2SO_4$-rich phase and $HI_x$-rich phase) and the distribution of $H_2O$ to each phase were investigated.The experiments for process variables were carried out in the temperature range, from 298 to 353 K, and in the $H_2SO_4/HI/H_2O/I_2$ molar ratio of 1/2/14~20/0.5~8.0. As the results, for the $SO_2-I_2-H_2O$ Bunsen reaction system, the ranges between the starting point and the saturation point for two liquid phases separation were determined by calculation. The best result for the minimization of impurities (HI and $I_2$ in $H_2SO_4$ phase and $H_2SO_4$ in $HI_x$ phase) in each phase was obtained in an optimum condition with the highest temperature of 353 K and the highest $I_2$ molar composition. In this condition, the $HI/H_2SO_4$ molar ratio in the $H_2SO_4$-rich phase and the $H_2SO_4/HI_x$ molar ratio in the $HI_x$-rich phase were 0.024 and 0.028, respectively. For the distribution of $H_2O$ to each phase, it is appeared that the affinity between $HI_x$ and $H_2O$ was more superior to that between $H_2SO_4$ and $H_2O$. The affinity between $HI_x$ and $H_2O$ was decreased with increasing temperature but increased with increasing $I_2$ molar composition.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.438-442
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• 2020

Studies on the recovery conditions and optimization process for valuable metal recovery through chemical treatment from detoxified asbestos-containing waste composed of calcium silicate, larnite, merwinite, and akermanite were conducted. The main components, Si, Ca, and Mg, of detoxified asbestos-containing waste (DACW) were separated and recovered in the form of SiO₂, CaSO₄, and Mg(OH)₂ compounds, respectively. Each separated component was confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (ICP) analysis. The recovery conditions for each component were first treating them with an acid to separate SiO₂ and subsequently with H₂SO₄ to recover Ca in the form of sulfate, CaSO₄. The remaining Mg was recovered by precipitation with Mg(OH)₂ under strong basic conditions. This study suggested that it is possible to convert existing treatment process of asbestos waste by landfill through recovering the components into a resource-recycling green technology.