• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.607-618
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• 2017

Harmful air pollutants are exhausted from the various industrial facilities including the coal-fired thermal power plants and these substances affects on the human health as well as the nature environment. In particular, nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$) and sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) are known to be causative substances to form fine particles ($PM_{2.5}$), which are also deleterious to human health. The integrated system composed of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) have been widely applied in order to control $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ emissions, resulting in high investment and operational costs, maintenance problems, and technical limitations. Recently, new technologies for the simultaneous removal of $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ from the flue gas, such as absorption, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), non-thermal plasma (NTP), and electron beam (EB), are investigated in order to replace current integrated systems. The proposed technologies are based on the oxidation of $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ to $HNO_3$ and $H_2SO_4$ by using strong aqueous oxidants or oxidative radicals, the absorption of $HNO_3$ and $H_2SO_4$ into water at the gas-liquid interface, and the neutralization with additive reagents. In this paper, we summarize the technical improvements of each simultaneous abatement processes and the future prospect of technologies for demonstrating large-scaled applications.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 1992

For removing $NO_x$ and $SO_x$ from the flue gases emitted from stationary sources, $V_2O_5-MoO_3/TiO_2$ catalysts were prepared by the conventional impregnation method (aqueous solution) and a sort of surface fixation method(nonaqueous solution) as reported excellent reproducibility catalysts. And these catalysts observed their catalytic activities as well as their surface properties. V-Mo-O oxide, prepared from nonaqueous solution of $VOCl_3$ and $Mo(CO)_6$ and aqeous solution method, was supported as amorphous state by XRD and SEM measurements. The infrared spectra of fresh and used catalysts showed that in used catalysts, V=O bands decreased and new bands of vanadium oxysulfate bands were very sensitive. So the catalysts prepared from nonaqueous solution may bring about the high activity. Results from catalytic activity measurements at 350$^\circ$C, in the presence of $SO_2, NO$ conversion was more increased than in absence of $SO_2$. As the $MoO_3$ was added to $V_2O_5/TiO_2 system, SO_2$ conversion increased. It found that from the results, $V_2O-5-MoO_3/TiO_2$ catalysts prepared from an nonaqueous solution may bring about the high activity for both the reaction of NO and $SO_2$ removal.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.26-33
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• 1991

To remove SO$_2$ from flus gas, cupric oxide, manganese oxide and iron oxide were studied with varying loading value. The experiment was carried out in a flow reactor and the reactants were prepared by impregnation method using alumina. The reaction temperature was varied from 30$0^{\circ}C$ to 45$0^{\circ}C$. Experimental results showed that all of these metal oxides were effective on SO$_2$ removal reaction and cupric oxide was the best reactant. The sample with 10wt％ loading value was better reactant than with 20wt％ because in case of 20wt％ loading, metal dispersion on the alumina surface was not uniform. And the SO$_2$ removal efficiency was increased with the reaction temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.481-482
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.406-409
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• 1999

Experimental Investigations were carried out to remove NOx, SOx simultaneously from simulated flue gas[NO(0.02%)-SO$_2$(0.08%)-$CO_2$-Air-$N_2$] by using a plasma chemical reaction. Ammonia gas(14.81%) balanced by argon was diluted by all and was Introduced to mall simulated flue gas duct through NH$_3$ Injection system which is in downstream of reactor. The NH$_3$ molecular ratio(MR) was determined based on (NH3) to [NO+S0$_2$]. MR is 1, 1.5, 2.5. The NOx removal rate significantly increased with increasing NaOH bubble quantity. The SO$_2$ removal rate was not significantly effected by applied voltage, however it fairly Increased with increasing NH$_3$ molecule ratio. By-product aerosol particle was observed by XRD(X-ray diffraction) after sampling, The NOx, SOx removal rates, when H2O vapour bubbled by dry all was injected to plasma reactor, were better than those of other cases. When aqueous NaOH solution(20%) bubbled by 2.5( ι /min) of $N_2$ and 0.5 ( ι /min) NH$_3$(MR=1.5) were injected to simulated flue gas, The NOx. SOx removal rate was 95 ~ 100[%]

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2011

NO oxidation is an important prerequisite step to assist the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) at low temperatures ($<200^{\circ}C$). Therefore, we conducted the lab- and bench-scales experiments appling the sodium chlorite powder ($NaClO_2(s)$) for the oxidation of NO to $NO_2$ and the carbon-based catalyst for the reduction of $NO_x$ and $SO_2$; the lab- and bench-scales experiments were conducted in laboratory and iron-ore sintering plant, respectively. In the lab-scale experiment, known concentrations of $NO_x$ (200 ppm), $SO_2$ (75 ppm), $H_2O$ (10%) and $NH_3$ (400 ppm) in 2.6 L/min were introduced into a packed-bed reactor containing $NaClO_2(s)$, then gases produced by the reaction with $NaClO_2(s)$ were fed into the carbon-based catalyst (space velocity = $2,000hr^{-1}$) at $130^{\circ}C$. In the bench-scale experiment, flue gases of $50Nm^3/hr$ containing 120 ppm NO and 150 ppm $SO_2$ were taken out from the duct of iron-ore sintering plant, then introduced into the flow reactor; $NaClO_2(s)$ were injected into the flow reactor using a screw feeder. Gases produced by the reaction with $NaClO_2(s)$ were introduced into the carbon-based catalyst (space velocity = $1,000hr^{-1}$). Results have shown that, in both lab- and bench-scales experiments, NO was oxidized to $NO_2$ by $NaClO_2(s)$. In addition, above 90% of $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ removal were obtained at the carbon-based catalyst. These results lead us to suggest that the combination of $NaClO_2(s)$ with the carbon-based catalyst has the potential to achieve the simultaneous removal of $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ at low temperature ($<200^{\circ}C$).

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.374-381
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• 2008

In this study, the factors affecting biological N and P removal using SND (simultaneous nitrification and denitrification) process were investigated and evaluated to examine the possibility of treating N and P through SND with NADH by surveying N and P traces in an aeration tank. Variations of $NH_4^+$-N+$NO_3^-$-N concentration were used to estimate the degree of SND in each point (P2, P3, P4, P5) of the aeration tank and these variations showed that denitrification efficiency in P2 (front zone), nitrification and denitrification efficiencies in P4 (middle zone) were 67%, 86% and 39%, respectively. When $PO_4^{-3}$-P concentration was analyzed in each point of the aeration tank, it was shown that $PO_4^{-3}$-P concentration coming into P2 was 1.25 mg/L, which increased to 2.22 mg/L by P release in P2 zone and then decreased to 0.74 mg/L by P uptake in P4. Consequently, we were able to estimate which high P removal efficiency observed in this study was caused by biological phosphorus removal. To determine the operating factors affecting effluent T-N, we analyzed the correlation among FN/M ratio, C/N ratio, Temp., SRT etc and these results showed that the correlation among FN/M ratio, C/N ratio and Temp was not high. However, the relationship of SRT and other parameters (effluent $NH_4^+$-N and effluent BOD) and the short SRT could have an affect on effluent $NH_4^+$-N and so effluent BOD could be increased. Thus, SRT operation should be controlled over 10 days. The results for analyzing the correlation between SRT and influent $NO_3^-$-N in order to investigate the operating factors affecting effluent T-P showed that T-P or $PO_4^{-3}$-P was not highly correlation with SRT, whereas $PO_4^{-3}$-P concentration increased along with increasing $NO_3^-$-N concentration into P2. Based on these results, we concluded, using regression analysis (R2=0.97), that effluent $PO_4^{-3}$-P concentration depends on $NO_3^-$-N concentration into P2.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.284-287
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• 1999

CuO catalyst-coated alumino-silicate fiber filters were prepared for the simultaneous removal of particulate matter and gaseous contaminants such as NOx and SOx. Hot gas cleaning experiments similar to Shell UOP process other than the catalyst supporting materials were carried out between 300 and $500^{\circ}C$ for the evaluation of the gas removal efficiency of the catalytic filter. Experimental results showed that removel efficiency for $SO_2$ was greater than 99% in the temperature range 450~$500^{\circ}C$ and more than 90% of NO was collected between 350 and $370^{\circ}C$. It was found that the higher the CuO content, the higher the removal efficiency for $SO_2$. Removal efficiency for NO was more affected by the gas cleaning temperature than by the CuO content in the catalyst-filter.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.153-164
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• 2023

The objective of this study is to examine the removal rate of air pollutants, specifically sulfur oxides (SO_x) and nitrogen oxides(NO_x), using concrete permeable blocks containing zeolite beads coated with materials capable of eliminating these pollutants. Titanium dioxide(TiO₂) powder and coconut shell powder were utilized for the removal of SO_x and NO_x and were applied as coatings on the zeolite beads. Concrete permeable block specimens embedded with the coated zeolite beads were produced using an actual factory production line. Test results demonstrated that the concrete permeable block containing zeolite beads coated with coconut shell powder in the surface layer achieved SO_x and NO_x removal rates of 12.5% and 99%, respectively, exhibiting superior performance compared to other blocks. Additionally, the flexural strength and slip resistance were 5.3MPa and 65BPN or higher, respectively, satisfying the requirements specified in KS F 4419 and KS F 4561. Conversely, the permeability coefficient exhibited low permeability, with grades 2 and 3 before and after contaminant pollution, according to the standard for 'design, construction, and maintenance of pavement using permeable block'. In conclusion, incorporating zeolite beads coated with coconut shell powder in the surface layer enables simultaneous removal of SO_x and NO_x, irrespective of ultraviolet rays, while maintaining adequate flexural strength and slip resistance. However, the permeability is significantly reduced, necessitating further improvements.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.671-678
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• 2000

Reaction characteristics of simultaneous removal of SOx and NOx have been investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer and tubular fixed bed reactor using the $CuO/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ sorbent/catalyst. Sulfur removal capacity of $CuO/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ sorbent/catalyst is largely enhanced above both the temperature of $450^{\circ}C$ and the loading of 6wt% due to the participation of alumina support in a sulfation reaction. The NO reduction efficiency of 8wt% $CuO/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ sorbent/catalyst shows the maximum value at $370^{\circ}C$ and then decreases with the increase of reaction temperature due to the oxidation of $NH_3$ gas. The presence of sulfate on the surface of sorbent/catalyst enhances the optimum reaction temperature showing the maximum deNOx efficiency. In the simultaneous removal of SOx and NOx at $250^{\circ}C$. deNOx activity of $CuO/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ sorbent/catalyst is rapidly decreased due to the formation of ammonium salts such as $NH_4HSO_4$. In the simultaneous removal reaction of SOx and NOx, the optimum temperature showing the maximum deNOx efficiency increases to $400^{\circ}C$ due to the presence of $SO_2$ gas.