• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.91-104
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• 2019

In this study, hourly measurements of $PM_{2.5}$ and its major chemical constituents such as organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), and ionic species were made between January 15 and February 10, 2018 at the air pollution intensive monitering station in Gwangju. In addition, 24-hr integrated $PM_{2.5}$ samples were collected at the same site and analyzed for OC, EC, water-soluble OC (WSOC), humic-like substance (HULIS), and ionic species. Over the whole study period, the organic aerosols (=$1.6{\times}OC$) and $NO_3{^-}$ concentrations contributed 26.6% and 21.0% to $PM_{2.5}$, respectively. OC and EC concentrations were mainly attributed to traffic emissions with some contribution from biomass burning emissions. Moreover, strong correlations of OC with WSOC, HULIS, and $NO_3{^-}$ suggest that some of the organic aerosols were likely formed through atmospheric oxidation processes of hydrocarbon compounds from traffic emissions. For the period between January 18 and 22 when $PM_{2.5}$ pollution episode occurred, concentrations of three secondary ionic species ($=SO{_4}^{2-}+NO_3{^-}+NH_4{^+}$) and organic matter contributed on average 50.8 and 20.1% of $PM_{2.5}$, respectively, with the highest contribution from $NO_3{^-}$. Synoptic charts, air mass backward trajectories, and local meteorological conditions supported that high $PM_{2.5}$ pollution was resulted from long-range transport of haze particles lingering over northeastern China, accumulation of local emissions, and local production of secondary aerosols. During the $PM_{2.5}$ pollution episode, enhanced $SO{_4}^{2-}$ was more due to the long-range transport of aerosol particles from China rather than local secondary production from $SO_2$. Increasing rate in $NO_3{^-}$ was substantially greater than $NO_2$ and $SO{_4}^{2-}$ increasing rates, suggesting that the increased concentration of $NO_3{^-}$ during the pollution episode was attributed to enhanced formation of local $NO_3{^-}$ through heterogenous reactions of $NO_2$, rather than impact by long-range transportation from China.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.141-152
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• 1992

Simple correlation analysis, factor analysis, and multi-verite analysis have been performed to analyze the relationship between air pollution and meteorological factors for air pollution and meteorological data measured at Kwanghwamun in Seoul during the period of one year (January 1990" December 1990). As a result of simple correlation and factor analysis, $SO_2$, TSP and CO concentrations have shown high negative correlation with temperature and among these indicating that these are related with pollutants emission trend based upon heating fuel usage. Ozone has a good correlation with solar radiation and relative humidity to have a closed relation with $0_3$ generation reaction mechanism. The result of multi-variate correlation analysis shows that the concentration of $SO_2$ and CO are adequate for correlation model with ambient temperature and wind speed and 0$_{3}$ concentrations are adequate for that with solar radiation and wind speed. $SO_2$ and CO levels are considered to be affected first of all by heating fuel usage as a emission source and wind speed as a dispersion effect. The $SO_2$ concentration in the condition that the temperature fall below zero is explained by multiplicative model with wind speed, only one variable.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.413-426
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• 2019

Many factories indiscriminately located in the vicinity of residential areas need to be adjusted to quasi-industrial parks or new planning management area. In the present work, the changes of atmospheric $SO_2$ concentration according to clustering of individual location factories throughout Gimpo city into a new area were evaluated using a commercial dispersion model, AERMOD. As a result of the evaluation, it was suggested the possibility of improving the pollution through the relocation of individual factories. The combination of relocation and discharge regulation on the stack height may reduce the overall pollution from Gimpo approximately up to 70%, and some areas achieve maximum 87% decrease. However, the area selected as a cluster zone may show a relatively large increase compared to the change in the total pollution level of Gimpo.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.32 no.4 s.91
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• pp.324-335
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• 2006

Five sampling sites were selected to investigate the distribution characteristics of air pollutants with pollution sources and weather conditions in Ulsan. $SO_2,\;NO_2,\;O_3,\;CO,\;PM_{10}$ concentrations and weather conditions with time were analyzed by using several statistical methods. Also, the distribution characteristics of ambient air quality were estimated by pollution-rose and multi-regression analysis. As a result of the analysis, $NO_2,\;CO\;and\;PM_{10}$ concentrations were high in winter season, whereas $SO_2\;and\;O_3$ concentrations were high in summer season. This concentration distribution was caused by the unfavorable geographical location, which the residential area was located at the downwind direction to industrial area. From the pollution-rose, we confirmed that each pollutant influenced the downwind residential areas because of seasonal wind direction. $SO_2$ concentration has shown positive correlation of $0.2{\simm}0.3$ for $NO_2,\;PM_{10}$ and temperature, while $O_3$ concentration has shown negative correlation. Also, $NO_2$ and CO concentrations, pollutants generated by combustion, have shown positive correlation, while $O_3$ concentration and temperature have shown negative correlation. Therefore, it could be suggested that a seasonal air quality policy and a new guideline of air quality was necessary in each season with wind directions to reduce the air pollution level in Ulsan.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 1989

In order to assess the level of atmospheric pollution and to contribute the health improve ment of residents in Pusan, the authors measured the $CO, SO_2, NO_2, TSP, Noise, Pb, Cd, Cr and V$ level at 3 place by time from Jan. 1988 to Feb. 1988. THe places were Kukje, Daehyeon, Pujeon underground commercial floor. The results were as follows; 1. The range of concentration of air pollutants (1) CO : 0.5 - 3.0 ppm (2) $SO_2$ : 0.012 - 0.360 ppm (3) $NO_2$ : 0.018 - 0.089 ppm (4) TSP : 30 - 330 $\mug/m^3$ (5) Pb : 0.219 - 3.116 $\mug/m^3$ (6) Cd : 0.000 - 0.070 $\mug/m^3$ (7) Cr : 0.378 - 4.098 $\mug/m^3$ (8) V : 0.000 - 1.010 $\mug/m^3$ (9) Noise : 47 - 77 dB(A) 2. The level of all air pollutants were higher in the afternoon or night than in the morning. 3. The mean concentration of $SO_2$ in all places exceede the ambient air quality standard of $SO_2$,.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.213-220
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• 1992

Simple correlation analysis, factor analysis, and multi-variate analysis have been performed to analyze the relationship between air pollution and meteorological factors for air pollution and meteorological data measured at Kwanghwamun in Seoul during the period of one year(January 1990 $\sim$ December 1990). As a result of simple correlation and factor analysis, $SO_2$, TSP and CO concentrations have shown high negative correlation with temperature and among these indicating that these are related with pollutant emission trend based upon heating fuel usage. Ozone has a good corrleation with solar radiation and relative humidity to have a closed relation with $O_3$ generation reaction mechanism. The result of multi-variate correlation analysis shows that the concentration of $SO_2$ and CO are adequate for correlation model with ambient temperature and wind speed and $O_3$ concentrations are adequate for that with solar radiation and wind speed. $SO_2$ and CO levels are considered to be affected first of all by heating fuel usage as a emssion source and wind speed as a dispersion effect. The $SO_2$ concentration in the condition that the temperature fall below zero is explained by multilicative model with wind speed, only one variable.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.109-123
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• 2012

Our study investigated the effects of Solanum macrocarpon (African eggplant) on haematological and biochemical parameters of male albino rats exposed to urban air pollution ($O_3$, $PM_{10}$, CO, $SO_2$, $NO_2$ and VOC). Male albino Wistar rats were exposed for 63 days either to urban air pollution without treatment (A); oral supplementation with Solanum macrocarpon given at 36 and 75 mg/kg body weight (BW), representing C and D respectively and exposed to air pollution; oral supplementation with Solanum macrocarpon given at 75 mg/kg BW after exposure to air pollution (B); or kept in animal house without exposure to air pollution (E). Animals exposed to air pollution showed significant alterations in haematological and biochemical parameters signaling that the blood and organs were badly injured. There were significant elevations in white blood cells (WBC) and its indices, reduction in red blood cells (RBC) and significant depletions of non-enzymic antioxidants, total protein and increase in lipid peroxidation values. Solanum macrocarpon supplementation in the feed of animals halted significantly the deleterious effects of air pollution, with co-administration during exposure given better results.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.09a
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• pp.91-91
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• 1996

• Clean Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.30-41
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• 1996

Air pollution problems are serious and present significant challenges to the engineering research community. EPA's engineering research programs have shifted from a primary focus on $SO_2$ and NOx pollution control to more complex and more difficult problems such as indoor air quality, air toxics, and global climate change. EPA research engineers are working closely with other research organizations in both the private sector and other federal research organizations to identify, evaluate, and develop cost-effective engineering solutions. The APPCE works closely with the EPA regulatory and regional offices to ensure that the best engineering information is utilized to formulate and implement the Agency's environmental protection program.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.451-452
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• 2004