• 제목/요약/키워드: $SO_2$ inflow

검색결과 143건 처리시간 0.027초

동북아 지역에서의 SO$_2$ 건성 침적에 관한 정량분석 (A Study on the Quantitative Analysis of SO$_2$ Dry Deposition in the Northeastern Asia)

  • 홍민선;김순태;이동섭
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.231-241
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    • 1997
  • A tracer model was applied in the Far East Asia to investigate the dry deposition rates of air pollutants on Korean Peninsula originated from different countries including China and Japan. Wind direction was chosen to predict the maximum deposition rates and SO$_2$ was chosen as a tracer to estimate the source strength. Model simulation shows that inflow, deposition and airborne ratios of China-originated SO$_2$ were 50%, 8% and 30%, respectively, at most. Also it was found that deposition, outbounded and airborne ratios of Korea-originated SO$_2$ were 15~77%, 8~75%, and 3~30%, respectively Model simulation also shows that inflow, deposition and airborne ratios of Kyushu-originated SO$_2$ were, 30~45%, 8~14% and 20~25%, respectively. This study shows that tracer model can be applied on the estimation of air pollutants partitioning in regional scale and that more sophisticated modules and schemes can be developed and applied to better predict the transboundary amounts of air pollutants in this region.

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Effects of inflow turbulence and slope on turbulent boundary layer over two-dimensional hills

  • Wang, Tong;Cao, Shuyang;Ge, Yaojun
    • Wind and Structures
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.219-232
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    • 2014
  • The characteristics of turbulent boundary layers over hilly terrain depend strongly on the hill slope and upstream condition, especially inflow turbulence. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the neutrally stratified turbulent boundary layer over two-dimensional hills. Two kinds of hill shape, a steep one with stable separation and a low one without stable separation, two kinds of inflow condition, laminar turbulent, are considered. An auxiliary simulation, based on the local differential quadrature method and recycling technique, is performed to simulate the inflow turbulence be imposed at inlet boundary of the turbulent inflow, which preserves very well in the computational domain. A large separation bubble is established on the leeside of the steep hill with laminar inflow, while reattachment point moves upstream under turbulent inflow condition. There is stable separation on the side of low hill with laminar inflow, whilw not turbulent inflow. Besides increase of turbulence intensity, inflow can efficiently enhance the speedup around hills. So in practice, it is unreasonable to study wind flow over hilly terrain without considering inflow turbulence.

OMI 이산화황자료와 HYSPLIT 역궤적 계산을 이용한 동북아지역의 장거리 수송되는 이산화황 유입량 산출 (Long-Range Transported SO2 Inflow fromAsian Continent to Korea Peninsula Using OMI SO2 Data and HYSPLIT Backward Trajectory Calculations)

  • 박준성;홍현기;최원이;이한림
    • 대한원격탐사학회지
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    • 제30권6호
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    • pp.743-754
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서는 2005년부터 2008년 사이 한반도에서 고농도 $SO_2$가 관측된 날에 대하여 Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) 이산화황자료 및 역궤적 계산을 통해서 중국으로부터 한반도로 장거리 수송되는 이산화황 flux의 계산 방법을 처음으로 소개하였다. 지표공기에서 측정된 이산화황 농도값과 OMI 센서에서 측정된 이산화황 층적분농도값을 이용하여 장거리 수송된 지표공기에서의 이산화황 flux와 지표부터 특정고도 사이 공기층 내에서의 평균 이산화황 flux를 각각 계산하였다. 위성관측을 이용하여 산출된 평균 flux값은 0.81 이고 최대 $2.11g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ 까지 산출되었고, 지점관측을 통한 지표공기로 유입되는 이산화황의 flux값은 평균 0.50 이고 최대 $1.18g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ 까지 산출 되었다. OMI센서와 지점관측 자료를 바탕으로 산출된 각각의 flux를 상호 비교하였으며 대부분의 경우 수용지역의 지표공기로 유입되는 이산화황 flux 값들이 지표부터 최대 1.5 km 사이의 장거리 수송되어 유입된 공기층 내의 평균 이산화황 flux 값들보다 높은 것으로 계산되었다. 발생원 지역에서 강한 저기압이 발견되는 경우를 포함하여 중국 발생원 지역으로부터 장거기 수송된 공기덩어리가 수용지역의 1.0에서 1.5 km 고도로 빠르게 유입되는 경우 지표부터 최대 1.5 km 사이 공기층 내의 평균 이산화황 flux 는 지표공기에서 산출된 flux 보다 높게 산출되는 경향을 보였다. 추가적으로 산출된 $SO_2$ flux값의 오차를 계산하고 오차값에 영향을 주는 인자들에 대해서 논의 하였다.

연무 에어로졸의 조성 및 기류 유입경로별 변화: 2012-2013년 제주도 고산지역 측정 (Compositions of haze aerosols and their variation by inflow pathway of air mass at Gosan site in Jeju Island during 2012-2013)

  • 현동림;송정민;김기주;김원형;강창희;고희정
    • 분석과학
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.213-222
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    • 2014
  • 국내 배경지역인 제주도 고산측정소에서 2012~2013년에 대기 미세먼지를 채취하여 분석한 결과로부터 연무와 비현상일의 조성특성을 조사하였다. 연무 시 $nss-SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$, $NH_4{^+}$ 농도는 비현상일에 비해 조대입자에서 2.1~3.7배, 미세입자에서 3.1~6.5배로 미세입자에서 더 높게 증가하였고, 특히 $NO_3{^-}$ 농도가 미세입자에서 6.5배 상승하였다. 원소성분들 중에는 S, Zn, Pb, K 등이 비현상일보다 조대입자에서 3.0~5.6배, 미세입자에서 3.2~7.7배 증가하나 Al, Fe, Ca 등은 대부분 조대입자에서 농도가 크게 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 역궤적 분석 결과 연무 시 $nss-SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$ 농도는 중국으로부터 유입되었을 때 더 높은 농도를 나타내었고, 특히 기류가 중국남부를 통과했을 때 $NO_3{^-}$ 농도가 더 크게 상승하는 경향을 보였다. 또 $NO_3{^-}/nss-SO_4{^{2-}}$ 농도비는 중국에서 기류가 이동했을 때 조대입자에서 상대적으로 높은 비율을 보이나 미세입자에서는 오히려 한반도를 통과했을 때 더 높은 성분비를 나타내었다.

영산호의 부영양화 평가를 위한 인부하모델의 검토 (A Study on Phosphorus Loading model for Eutrophication Response in the Yongsan Lake)

  • 류일광;이치영
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.97-104
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this is made an examination of phosphorus loading model for eutrophication response in the Yongsan lake. For the model, we measured the total amount of nutrients derived from the Yongsan river watershed, inflow rate to the Yongsan lake, water quality, and water budget from January to December in 1999. The total amount of precipitation in the Yongsan river watershed was 4,951.7$\times$10$^{6}$ ㎥/y and inflow amount was 2,569.7$\times$10$^{6}$ ㎥/y, therefore the outflow rate of the Yongsan river watershed was 51.9%. The develop loading of total nitrogen was 86,928.1kg/d and that of total phosphorus was 22,007.6kg/d at the Yongsan river watershed, But, as the inflow loading of total nitrogen was 33,962kg/d and the inflow loading of total phosphorus was 2,218kg/d to the Yongsan lake. so each infolw rate was 39.0% and 10.1%. The hydraulic residence time was 34days, total phosphorus loading [L(P)] on the surface area was 23.398g/㎥/y, the hydraulic load( $Q_{s}$) of inflow water was 74.269m/y, the reserve rate of phosphorus in the lake was 0.359, and the settinh velocity of phosphorus was 0.114m/d at the Yongsan lake. Mathematical model of phosphorus loading to estimate the responses of eutrophication at the Yongsan lake is [ $P_{j}$] = 0.838 [L(P)/Q.(1+√ $T_{w}$)$^{-1}$ ] . ] . .

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부산지역 일본인 주거지내의 일식주택과 양풍건축의 유입경로에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Course of the Inflow of Japanese-style houses and Western-Style Architecture)

  • 허만형
    • 한국주거학회논문집
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.51-60
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    • 2001
  • This study has tried to explain the background of the inflow of western-style architecture, the influx of foreign architectural technicians, the import of building materials, the inflow of Japanese-style houses, and the course of the inflow of western-style architecture in the Busan area since 1910 so as to make the basic data of the forming course of modern architecture and the study of the modern history of architecture in Korea. The results are as follows. 1) Japanese-style houses and western-style architecture in Korea were brought in by foreigners, not by Koreans, Also, in Busan all sorts of building materials were imported by Japanese. Japanese-style house and western-style architecture were built by Japanese. 2) Japan has planned the network of roads through the expectation of increasing Japanese in the concession. And constructed houses on the rule of construction since 1877. 3) Western-style architecture in Busan was mostly constructed by Japanese carpenters, and they imitated western-style architecture.

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드로잉 공정에서 소재 유입에 영향을 미치는 인자에 관한 연구 (A study on the factors affecting to material inflow in the drawing process)

  • 이성민;신진희;김경아;이춘규
    • Design & Manufacturing
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.39-45
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    • 2022
  • Sheet Metal Forming by Press Forming Process takes a lot of time and cost from mold design to manufacturing. Therefore, all of die-makers are continuously conducting research to reduce the number of mold processes or the size of blanks to reduce costs. In the case of Forming complex shapes such as automobile component, wrinkles and cracks occur, so draw beads are used. Draw beads play an important role in suppressing the inflow of materials and minimizing the size of blanks. Factors that affect material flow include draw bead, blank holding pressure, lubricant, and surface roughness of punch and die. Most of the factors affect friction. In this study, after classifying circular beads and rectangular beads in cylindrical drawing molds using the AutoForm analysis program, the factors affecting the material inflow were considered.

저수지 수위 정밀 측정에 의한 댐 유입량 자료 개선 (Improvement of Inflow Estimation Data by Precise Measurement of Water Level in Reservoir)

  • 박지창;김남;류경식
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.309-314
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    • 2009
  • A accurate reservoir inflow is very important as providing information for decision making about the water balance and the flood control, as well as for dam safety. The methods to calculate the inflow were divided by the directed method to measure streamflow from upstream reservoirs and the indirected method to estimate using the correlation of reservoir water level and release. Currently, the inflow of multi-purpose dam is being calculated by the indirect method and the reservoir water level to calculate the storage capacity is being used by centimeters(cm) units. Corresponding to the storage volume of 1cm according to scale and water level of multi-purpose dam comes up to from several 10 thousand tons to several million tons. If it converts to inflow during 1 hour, and it comes to several hundred $m^3/sec$(CMS). Therefore, the inflow calculated on the hourly is largely deviated along the water level changes and is occurred minus value as the case. In this research, the water level gage has been developed so that it can measure a accurate water level for the improvement for the error and derivation of inflow, even though there might be various hydrology and meteorologic considerations to analyse the water balance of reservoir. Also, it is confirmed that the error and the standard derivation of data observed by the new gage is decreased by 89,6% and 1/3 & 87% and 2/3 compared to that observed by the existing gage of Daecheong and Juam multi-purpose dam.

Variation in chemical composition of Asian dusts on Jeju Island related to their inflow pathways during 2010-2015

  • Song, Jung-Min;Bu, Jun-Oh;Ko, Hee-Jung;Kim, Won-Hyung;Kang, Chang-Hee
    • 분석과학
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.182-193
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    • 2017
  • In order to examine the variation characteristics of chemical compositions in relation to the inflow pathways of Asian dust, $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ aerosols were collected at Gosan site of Jeju Island during the Asian dust days between 2010 and 2015, and their chemical compositions were analyzed. The mean mass concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ during Asian dust days were $130.0{\pm}90.2$ and $38.2{\pm}24.7{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. The composition ratios of major secondary pollutants ($nss-SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NH_4{^+}$, $NO_3{^-}$) were high as 53.7 % for $PM_{10-2.5}$ and 90.6 % for $PM_{2.5}$. When the Asian dusts had been transported to the Korean Peninsula via Loess Plateau of central China, the concentrations of $nss-Ca^{2+}$, $NH_4{^+}$, $nss-SO_4{^{2-}}$, and $NO_3{^-}$ increased more noticeably. Whereas in case when the inflow pathways of Asian dust had been through the Bohai bay, the concentrations of the crustal species such as Al, Fe, and Ca were relatively high in coarse particles. The atmospheric aerosols were acidified largely by sulfuric and nitric acids. They were neutralized mainly by calcium carbonate in coarse particle mode passed through Manchuria area, but by ammonia in fine particle mode passed through Loess plateau and Bohai bay. Ammonium salts are assumed to exist as ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate in coarse particles, but mostly as ammonium sulfate in fine particles.

대청호 유입유량 변동과 수질 및 조류증식의 관계 (Relationship among Inflow Volume, Water Quality and Algal Growth in the Daecheong Lake)

  • 천세억;이재안;이재정;유영복;방규철;이열재
    • 한국물환경학회지
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.342-348
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    • 2006
  • Changes in water quality and algal growth according to the differences in the inflow volume were investigated in the Daecheong Lake from 1998 to 2001. Until year 2000, inflow volume considerably depended on the rainfall throughout the basin. However, the correlation was low since 2001 when water storage in the upstream Yongdam Lake was started. According to inflow volume-TP relationship analyses, significant correlation was found at up- and middle-stream sites, excluding down-stream site of the Daechong Lake. For chlorophyll-a, correlation was found with flow volume at all sites except for Choo-So. In a dry year, although nutrients loads were relatively lower than those in rainy years, there were higher concentrations of chlorophyll-a and massive bloom of Microcystis. Limiting factors for algal growth seems to be not the volume of nutrients load but retention time and physical disturbance of the water body influenced by inflow volume. Thus, in the Daecheong lake, it would be more important to focus on the management of eutrophication in dry years than in rainy ones.