• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1996년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
• /
• pp.1660-1662
• /
• 1996

Superconducting current lead is one of the promising applications of the oxide high-Tc superconductors, because they have the advantage of decreasing heat conduction to low temperature region, comparing with a conventional cooper alloy lead. High critical current density is a key factor for the applications such as current lead. $(Bi,Pb)_{2}Sr_{2}Ca_{2}Cu_{3}O_{x}$ high Tc superconductor hase been investigated in terms of critical current density. Bi-2223 superconducting current lead made by CIP and solid state sintering process. Bi-2223 current lead that heat treated at $836\;^{\circ}C$ for 240 h in 1/13 $PO_2$ had over $500\;A/cm^2$ of critical current density at 77K. We knew that the superconducting properties of tube type current leads were better than rods type of them. And we investigated the relation of Bi-2223 formation and heat treatment condition by XRD and SEM analysis.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국산학기술학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표논문집
• /
• pp.336-338
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 EU에서 발효되는 6대 규제유해물질(Pb, Hg, Cd, $C^{6+}$, PBB/PBDE)과 환경부 규제유해물질에 의해 도료의 유해조성물질을 제한하게 됨에 따라 VOC(휘발성유기화합물) 배출이 적고, 브롬계/할로겐계를 탈피하여 인체안전성 확보 및 환경오염을 최소화하며, 방염제 형식승인 및 검정기술기준 (KOFEIS 0201)에 부합하는 수용성 유 무기계 난연도료를 개발하였다. 친환경적인 난연도료 제조에 대한 최적조건으로 Mg(OH)$_2$, $Sb_2O_3$, 붕산아연을 1:2:2로 혼합한 난연제 그리고 바인더(마이셸 2%)와 물의 비율을 1:1로 제조한 후, 난연제:(바인더+물)을 1:1로 제조한 난연도료 3의 성능이 가장 우수하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.427-427
• /
• 2016

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite have attracted significant attention as a new revolutionary light absorber for photovoltaic device due to its remarkable characteristics such as long charge diffusion lengths (100-1000nm), low recombination rate, and high extinction coefficient. Recently, power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cell is above 20% that is approached to crystalline silicon solar cells. Planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells have simple device structure and can be fabricated low temperature process due to absence of mesoporous scaffold that should be annealed over 500 oC. However, in the planar structure, controlling perovskite film qualities such as crystallinity and coverage is important for high performances. Those controlling methods in one-step deposition have been reported such as adding additive, solvent-engineering, using anti-solvent, for pin-hole free perovskite layer to reduce shunting paths connecting between electron transport layer and hole transport layer. Here, we studied the effect of alkali metal halide to control the fabrication process of perovskite film. During the morphology determination step, alkali metal halides can affect film morphologies by intercalating with PbI2 layer and reducing $CH3NH3PbI3{\cdot}DMF$ intermediate phase resulting in needle shape morphology. As types of alkali metal ions, the diverse grain sizes of film were observed due to different crystallization rate depending on the size of alkali metal ions. The pin-hole free perovskite film was obtained with this method, and the resulting perovskite solar cells showed higher performance as > 10% of power conversion efficiency in large size perovskite solar cell as $5{\times}5cm$. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) are analyzed to prove the mechanism of perovskite film formation with alkali metal halides.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.930-940
• /
• 2013

We evaluated contamination with organic matter and trace metals by analyzing grain size, ignition loss (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and trace metals (Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mn, Hg, and As) in surface sediments at 28 stations around the Geum River estuary in July 2008. The surface sediments in the estuary were mainly composed of coarse sediment (sand and muddy sand), with mean grain size (Mz) ranging between $2-4{\O}$. The high concentrations of IL, COD, and trace metals were mainly found at stations in front of the Gusan outer port and industrial complex, and near the Seocheon coast with relatively fine sediments. In addition, the concentrations of IL and all trace metals, except Pb and As, showed good positive correlations with Mz, indicating that the concentrations of organic matter and trace metals were mainly dependent on sediment grain size. The concentrations of COD, AVS, and trace metals in most sediments did not exceed the sediment quality guideline (SQGs). Although the sediments in the study region are not polluted with organic matter and trace metals, there are many point sources of pollutants, such as Gusan port and industrial complex, Janghang refinery, and a thermoelectric power plant around the Geum River estuary. Thus, the management of coastal environments through periodic monitoring of organic matter and trace metals is required in the future.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.35-46
• /
• 2006

Objective of this research was to determine the effect of application rate of a slow release fertilizer (SRF) in three root media, peatmoss+vermiculite (1:1, v/v; PV), peatmoss+composted rice hall (1:1, v/v; PR), and peatmoss+composted pine bark (1:1, v/v; PB), on growth and nutrient contents of potted chrysanthemum 'Lima Honey'. All media contained polyacrylic acid sodium salt at a rate of $4.5g L^{-1}$. The fresh and dry weights at 43 days after transplanting did not show statistical differences among treatments in each root media. Elevated application rate of SRF increased fresh and dry weights at 80 days after transplanting in PV and PB media, but not in PR medium. Elevated application rates of SRF resulted in the increase of tissue phosphorus content and decrease of tissue Ca, Na, and Zn contents at both 43 and 80 days after transplanting. Elevated application rates of SRF resulted in the decrease of pH and increase of EC and concentrations of ${NO_3}^-$ and ${P_2O_5}^{3-}$, K, Ca, and Mg in the soil solution of PV and PR media. The trends of those in PR media were also similar except ${NO_3}^-$. The differences among treatments in EC at 80 days after transplanting were less significant as compared to those at 43 days after transplanting in three media.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.21-34
• /
• 2006

This research was conducted to determine the plant growth and nutrient contents of potted chrysanthemum 'Lima Honey' as influenced by application rate of fused superphosphate (FSSP) in three root media, peatmoss+vermiculite (1:1, v/v; PV), peatmoss+composted rice hall (1:1, v/v; PR), and peatmoss+composted pine bark (1:1, v/v; PB). All root media contained polyacrylic acid sodium salt at a rate of $4.5g L^{-1}$. The treatment of $1.4g L^{-1}$ in PV and those of $0.7g L^{-1}$ in PR and PB had the greatest fresh and dry weights in each root medium at both 43 and 80 days after transplanting. Elevated application rates of FSPP increased tissue contents of N, P, and K at both 43 and 80 days after transplanting in PV medium. However, the differences in tissue contents of N, P and K in PR medium were less significant among treatments of FSPP. The pre-planting FSPP also less affected the tissue contents of nutrients at 80 days after transplanting as compared to those at 43 days after transplanting. Elevated application rates of FSPP in PV medium increased EC and the concentrations of $NO_3,\;P_2O_5$, K, Ca, and Mg in soil solution of root media at 43 days after transplanting. The EC in PV medium at 80 days after transplanting was higher than that at 43 days after transplanting. The EC in all root media at 80 days after transplanting was not different among treatments of FSPP.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.30-40
• /
• 2004

Purpose : The purpose of this study was aimed to compare the shear bond strength on dentin of three dentin bonding agents and two resin cements used in conjunction with self-cured composite resin core material. Material and method : Control group and six experimental groups were divided for this study. Control group was designated as specimens bonded with Tenure$ A&B^{(R)}$. Experimental groups were as follows : PB-BL group : specimens bonded with Prime&Bond $NT^{(R)}$, $BondLink^{(R)}$ SB-BL group : specimens bonded with $^{(R)}$, BondLink$SingleBond^{(R)}$ PB group : specimens bonded with Prime&Bond $NT^{(R)}$ SB group : specimens bonded with $SingleBond^{(R)}$ PF group : specimens bonded with $Panavia-F^{(R)}$ BI group specimens bonded with Bistite $II^{(R)}$ All specimens were stored in $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water for 24 hours, followed by the shear bond strength was tested by universal testing machine. The data was analysed statistically by Mann-Whitney test. Results : 1. For Prime&Bond $NT^{(R)}$ and $SingleBonde^{(R)}$, the shear bond strength was 0.24 MPa and 7.19 MPa each by each, while Tenure $A&B^{(R)}$ group control was measured at 13.93 MPa (p<0.05). Especially for Prime&Bond $NT^{(R)}$ it did not get conjunction with dentin. 2. For Prime&Bond $NT^{(R)}$ and $SingleBond^{(R)}$ using $BondLink^{(R)}$, there was no significant difference as a result of 11.73 MPa and 14.00 MPa each by each (p<0.05). 3. For $Panavia-F^{(R)}$ and Bistite $II^{(R)}$, they showed the highest shear bond strength as measured by 18.24 MPa and 16.09 MPa each (p<0.05).

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제16권11호
• /
• pp.1287-1293
• /
• 2007

To obtain the risk assessment of hazardous materials in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, the residual pesticides and heavy metals in samples on the Korea and China are surveyed. Group I ($BHC-{\delta}$, $BHC-{\beta}$, Fenitrothion, Penthoate, Endosulfan-${\alpha}$, Dieldrin, Endosulfan-${\beta}$ and Endosulfan-sulfate), Group II (BHC-${\gamma}$, Aldrin, DDD, DDT-p,p Permethrin and Fenvalerate), Group III(BHC-${\alpha}$, Chlorpyrifos, Tolyfluanid, Captan and DDT-o,p) and Group IV(Quintozene, Vinclozolin, DDE and Chlorfenapyr) could analysed on gas chromatography-ECD for evaluation of residual pesticides. Qualified detection concentration on the GC-ECD are $0.45 ng/g{\sim}2.50 ng/g$. Group I, Group II, Group III and Group IV are not detected in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata on the Korea and China. Concentration of As, Cd and Pb in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata. on the Korea are 3.06%, 7.00% and 5.78% for Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA). Concentration of As, Cd and Pb in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata. on the China are 5.16%, 5.33% and 6.50% for Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA). The hazardous materials in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata on the Korea and China were verified the safety of the residual heavy metals and pesticides compare with Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA) advisory level.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제37권8호
• /
• pp.773-778
• /
• 1993

Tl$^+$이온 센서로서 크라운 에테르 B15C5와 DB18C6를 중성운반체로 한 PVC 액체막 이온 선택성 전극을 제작하였다. 막용매로는 DOA, NPPE 및 NPOE를 사용하였으며 친유성 염, KTClPB의 농도를 변화시킨 여러가지 조성의 막을 시험하였다. B15C5와 DB18C6 막 전극의 감응전위는 농도범위, 10$^{-1}$∼10$^{-5}$M에서 직선으로 나타났으며 최대 기울기는 전극에 따라서 40∼55 mV/decade였다. 선택계수는 분리용액법으로 결정하였으며 알카리금속 이온, 알칼리토금속 이온 및 일부 전이금속 이온에 대하여 좋은 선택성을 나타냈다. 제작된 액체막 전극은 Ph > 3 에서 안정한 감응전위를 보였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2000

단열이 되지 않은 소형 퇴비화용기를 이용하여 가정에서 발생되는 폐기물 중 종이류를 제외한 퇴비화 가능한 폐기물은 퇴비화하였다. 수분 조절제로서 가정에서 발생되는 폐 신문지를 사용하였다. 초기 퇴비화 혼합물질이 투입되기 시작하여 15주 후에 배출되었다. 실험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다 : 퇴비화용기가 단열재로 보온되지 않아 외부 온도의 영향을 크게 받았다. 따라서 퇴비화 후 건조물질 기준으로 분해 율은 $32.28{\sim}77.02%$로 외부 온도에 따라 차이가 현저하였다. 폐 신문지를 혼합하여 초기 수분을 $48.55{\sim}70.14%$로 조절하였음에도 배출된 퇴비의 수분 함량은 $62.38{\sim}87.03%$로 높았으며 pH는 $7.64{\sim}9.17$이었다. 배출된 퇴비 중 회분 및 총 질소 함량은 증가하였으나 $NO_3\;^--N$, $NO_2-N$, $NH_3-N$ 함량은 어떠한 경향을 보이지 않았다. 배출된 퇴비 중 중금속 및 비료성분의 함량은 초기 퇴비화 혼합물질보다 증가하였다. 수 분조절제로 폐 신문지를 1회 사용하였을 때 배출된 퇴비 중의 중금속 함량은 $Zn\;0.60{\sim}1.99mg/kg$, $Ph\;5.77{\sim}29.81mg/kg$, $Cd\;1.20{\sim}3.02mg/kg$, $Cr\;4.01{\sim}6.67mg/kg$, $Cu\;2.10{\sim}6.77mg/kg$, $As\;4.97{\sim}10.15mg/kg$, Hg ND이었으며 비료성분 함량은 $CaO\;0.08{\sim}1.91%$, $MgO\;0.46{\sim}2.80%$, $K_2O\;0.17{\sim}1.05%$, $P_2O_5\;0.96{\sim}3.33%$이었다. 그러나 배출된 건조 퇴비를 재사용하였을 때 배출된 퇴비 중의 중금속 함량은 $Zn\;5.04{\sim}5.77mg/kg$, $Pb\;64.42{\sim}68.62mg/kg$, $Cd\;6.07{\sim}6.29mg/kg$, $Cr\;14.40{\sim}17.08mg/kg$, $Cu\;6.77{\sim}15.44mg/kg$, $As\;10.43{\sim}17.50mg/kg$, Hg ND이었으며 비료성분 함량은 $CaO\;1.51{\sim}2.44%$, $MgO\;2.14{\sim}2.69%$, $K_2O\;2.15{\sim}2.71%$, $P_2O_5\;1.11{\sim}2.80%$이었다.