• Title/Summary/Keyword: $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations

Search Result 1,709, Processing Time 0.032 seconds

Changes in aerosol characteristics during 2006 ~ 2008 Asian dust events in Cheonan, Korea (2006 ~ 2008년 황사기간 중 천안시 대기 입자의 특성 변화)

  • Oh, Se-Won
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
    • /
    • v.10 no.7
    • /
    • pp.1642-1647
    • /
    • 2009
  • Changes in aerosol characteristics during 2006 ${\sim}$2008 Asian dust events in Cheoan were investigated by measuring mass, ion and elemental concentrations of fine and coarse particles. The average mass concentrations of daily TSP, PM10, PM2.5 were 214.9, 160.3, and 95.9${\mu}\;g/m^3$during Asian dust events, which were 3.08, 2.58, and 1.95 times higher than Non-asian dust events. The maximum concentrations of TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 were 850.1, 534.4, and 233.3${\mu}\;g/m^3$, which were 12.19, 8.60, and 4.76 times higher, respectively. Increases in ion concentrations were not significant during Asian dust events, but elemental concentrations including soil components such as Fe, Al, Ti increased by 17.1 and 43.4 times for fine and coarse particles, respectively. The results clearly indicate that metallic components from soil constituents were the major components in Asian dusts sampled at Cheonan.

Monitoring of Fine Particles and Particles-bound Mercury in Seongbuk-gu Area of Seoul Metropolitan City (서울 성북지역 미세먼지 및 미세먼지결합 수은의 모니터링)

  • Park, Eun-Jung;Lee, Jong-Wha;Kim, Dae-Seon;Park, Kwang-Sik
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
    • /
    • v.22 no.2 s.57
    • /
    • pp.185-188
    • /
    • 2007
  • PM10 and PM2.5 in ambient air were collected in Seongbuk-gu area of Seoul for one year, from April 2005 to February 2006, and the concentration of PM-bound mercury was monitored. The annual concentrations of particles were $66.4{\pm}43.2{\mu}g/m^3\;(47.6{\pm}19.1{\mu}g/m^3-106.1{\pm}78.0{\mu}g/m^3)$ in PM10 and $37.2{\pm}20.4{\mu}g/m^3\;(28.0{\pm}23.4{\mu}g/m^3{\sim}42.7{\pm}21.4{\mu}g/m^3)$ in PM2.5, which is about 56% of PM10 concentration. The annual average concentrations of mercury were $0.125{\pm}0.078ng/m^3\;in\;PM10\;and\;0.141{\pm}0.080ng/m^3$ in PM2.5, respectively. In April of Asian dust season in Korea, mercury showed the highest concentration in both PM10 and PM2.5.

The Effects of Prostaglandin $F_{2\alpha}(PGF_{2\alpha})$ Treatment on Hormone Concentrations and Follicular Development in Early Postpartum Korean Native Goats (한국 재래 산양에 있어서 Prostaglandin $F_{2\alpha}(PGF_{2\alpha})$의 투여가 호르몬 함량 및 난포의 발육에 미치는 영향)

  • 변명대;함태수
    • Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
    • /
    • v.25 no.2
    • /
    • pp.155-162
    • /
    • 2001
  • These experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of the administration of exogenous PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ on hormone concentrations and follicular development in early postpartum(pp) Korean native goats. 1. Plasma PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ concentrations in PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ treated goals showed a gradual increase from a low on day 2 (GR-1 : 10 day-treatment group: 6.35$\pm$0.5 and GR-2; 4 day-treatment group: 0.22$\pm$0.2 pg/$m\ell$, respectively) to reach a peak of 21.18$\pm$1.6 or 4.21 $\pm$0.4 pg/$m\ell$ on day 4 after treatment of PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$. 2. Plasma PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ concentrations in GR-1 goats averaged 9.08 $\pm$1.2 pg/$m\ell$ compared with 5.44$\pm$ 1.8 pg/$m\ell$ in GR-2 goats the day before treatment of PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$. Mean PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ concentrations thereafter remained low during the treatment period but PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ concentrations did not differ between the two group. 3. Plasma concentrations of estradiol-17 $\beta$ (E,) in PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ - treated group were decreased gradually until 2 days after PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ treatment but mean $E_2$ concentrations began to increase on 3 days and were Inaximal on the 4 days after treatment. 4. Plasma lulenizing hormone (LH) concentrations in PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ - treated goats were slightly higher than in controls but mean LH concentrations did not differ between the two treatment groups. 5. Plasma prolactin (PRL) concentrations were suppressed in both GR-1(10 day-treatment group) and GR-2(4 day-treatment group) goats compared to saline controls but mean PRL concentrations remained lower in PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ treated animals during post-treatment period. 6. The mean number of small and medium follicles present when PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ was administrated was similar in all does but the increase in number of large follicles($\geq$4mm) tended to be higher in PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ treated group than controls. These results suggest that concentrations of PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ and estradiol-17$\beta$ were positively correlared with follicular diameter. We conclude that PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ treatment stimulates follicular development similarly in both GR-1 and GR-2 group.

  • PDF

Characteristics of PM10 and PM2.5 Concentrations at Subway Stations in Busan for 3 years (2015~2017) (부산지역 지하역사의 최근 3년간(2015~2017년) PM10과 PM2.5 농도 특성)

  • Jeon, Byung-Il
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
    • /
    • v.28 no.7
    • /
    • pp.581-594
    • /
    • 2019
  • This research investigated the characteristics of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations at the main subway stations in Busan. Annual mean $PM_{10}$ concentrations at the Seomyeon 1- waiting room and platform were $51.3{\mu}g/m^3$ and $47.5{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, and the annual $PM_{2.5}$ concentration at the Seomyeon 1- platform was $28.8{\mu}g/m^3$. $PM_{2.5}$/$PM_{10}$ ratio at Seomyeon 1-platform and Dongnae station were 0.58 and 0.53, respectively. Diurnal variation of $PM_{10}$ concentration at subway stations in Busan was categorized into four types, depending on the number of peaks and the times at which the peaks occurred. Unlike the areas outside of the subway stations which reported maximum $PM_{10}$ concentration mostly in spring across the entire locations, the interiors of the subway stations reported the maximum $PM_{10}$ concentration in spring, winter, and even summer, depending on their location. $PM_{10}$ concentration was highest on Saturday and lowest on Sunday. The numbers of days when $PM_{10}$ concentration exceeded $100{\mu}g/m^3$ and $80{\mu}g/m^3$ per day over the last three years at the subway stations in Busan were 36 and 239, respectively. The findings of this research are expected to enhace the understanding of the fine particle characteristics at subway stations in Busan and be useful for developing a strategy for controlling urban indoor air quality.

Chemical Properties of the Metallic Elements and the Mass Concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 Observed in Busan, Korea in Springtime of 2006-2008 (2006-2008년 봄철 부산 지역 PM10과 PM2.5의 질량농도 및 금속성분의 화학적 특성)

  • Jeon, Byung-Il;Hwang, Yong-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
    • /
    • v.31 no.3
    • /
    • pp.234-245
    • /
    • 2010
  • Twenty-four hour integrated $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ samples were measured during springtime (March, April, and May) in Busan for three years from 2006 to 2008, and mass concentrations and metallic elements of measurement were analyzed to investigate temporal, spatial, chemical characteristics of the mass concentration and metallic elements in association with meteorological conditions including Asian Dust (AD) vs. non Asian Dust (NAD) seasons, and other air mass transport patterns. The result showed that $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10-2.5}$ concentrations were on average of $126.2{\pm}89.8$, $85.5{\pm}41.6$, and $40.7{\pm}54.9{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, and the $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ and $PM_{10-2.5}/PM_{2.5}$ ratios were 0.70 and 0.48, respectively. The highest concentrations of PM were observed when air parcels were originated from both northwest sector covering Beijing and west sector including Shanghai areas.

Characteristics of Fine Particle Concentration and Ionic Elements of PM2.5 during Sea Breeze Occurrences in Summertime in Busan (부산지역 여름철 해풍 발생 시 미세먼지와 초미세먼지 중의 이온성분 특성)

  • Jeon, Byung-Il
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
    • /
    • v.30 no.6
    • /
    • pp.465-474
    • /
    • 2021
  • This research investigated the characteristics of fine particle concentration and ionic elements of PM2.5 during sea breeze occurrences during summertime in Busan. The PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations of summertime sea breeze occurrence days in Busan were 46.5 ㎍/m3 and 34.9 ㎍/m3, respectively. The PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations of summertime non-sea breeze occurrence days in Busan were 25.3 ㎍/m3 and 14.3 ㎍/m3, respectively. The PM2.5/PM10 ratios of sea breeze occurrence days and non-sea breeze occurrence days were 0.74 and 0.55, respectively. The SO42-, NH4+, and NO3- concentrations in PM2.5 of sea breeze occurrence days were 9.20 ㎍/m3, 4.26 ㎍/m3, and 3.18 ㎍/m3 respectively. The sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) and nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) of sea breeze occurrence days were 0.33 and 0.05, respectively. These results indicated that understanding the fine particle concentration and ionic elements of PM2.5 during sea breeze summertime conditions can provide insights useful for establishing a control strategy of urban air quality.

The Changes of Plasma Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Concentrations During Waking and Sleep in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (폐쇄성 수면 무호흡증후군 환자에서 각성시와 수면중의 혈중 Atrial Natriuretic Peptide 농도 변화)

  • Moon, Hwa-Sik;Choi, Young-Mee;Song, Jeong-Sup;Park, Sung-Hak
    • Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
    • /
    • v.2 no.2
    • /
    • pp.156-164
    • /
    • 1995
  • Objectives : Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) often complain of nocturnal enuresis. There are a few reports that OSAS patients have altered renal function, and there are some evidences that the increased release of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) may be involved in the pathogenesis of nocturnal urinary symptoms of OSAS patients. In this study, we measured plasma ANP concentrations during waking and sleep in OSAS patients and normal controls to investigate whether there were differences of ANP concentrations between OSAS patients and normal subjects. Methods : 27 patients with OSAS and 10 normal subjects were studied. All subjects underwent a full-night polysomnographic study. Venous blood samples were separately drawn during waking and sleep. Plasma ANP concentrations were measured using radioimmunoassay. Results : In OSAS patients, ANP concentrations during sleep($122.9\;{\pm}\;29.9pg/ml$) were significantly higher than ANP concentrations during waking($60.2\;{\pm}\;5.8pg/ml$)(p < 0.05). However, in normal subjects, there was no significant difference between ANP concentrations during waking($59.2\;{\pm}\;5.7pg/ml$) and sleep($69.6\;{\pm}\;3.0pg/ml$)(p > 0.05). There was no significant difference of ANP concentrations during waking between OSAS patients($60.2\;{\pm}\;5.8pg/ml$) and normal controls($59.2\;{\pm}\;5.7pg/ml$)(p > 0.05), and also there was no significant difference during sleep between OSAS patients($122.9\;{\pm}\;29.9pg/ml$) and normal subjects($69.6\;{\pm}\;3.0pg/ml$)(p > 0.05). Plasma ANP concentrations during sleep showed significant positive correlations with apnea index(r = 0.3846, p < 0.05) and respiratory disturbance index(r = 0.3939, p < 0.05) in OSAS patients. Conclusion : These data suggest that, in OSAS patients, plasma ANP concentrations during sleep are significantly higher than plasma ANP concentrations during waking, and there is a positive correlation between the plasma ANP concentration during sleep and the severity of sleep apnea.

  • PDF

Size-segregated mass and ion concentrations of atmospheric aerosols in Cheonan City between 2006 and 2007 (2006~2007년 천안시 대기 에어로졸의 입경별 농도 및 이온성분 특성)

  • Lee, Hyung-Bae;Oh, Se-Won
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
    • /
    • v.9 no.5
    • /
    • pp.1349-1353
    • /
    • 2008
  • Size-segregated mass and ion concentrations of atmospheric aerosols in Cheonan City were measured using a high volume air sampler equipped with a 5-stage cascade impactor and a ion chromatography between March 2006 and April 2007. The mean values of 24-hr average concentrations of TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were 61.7, 55.2, 43.7, $33.2{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. Mass size distributions of atmospheric aerosols were bimodal distributions with a saddle point in $1.5\;{\sim}\;3.0{\mu}m$ range in diameter separating coarse and fine particle modes. Fine particles, PM2.5 were 70.8% of the total mass of aerosols. Major ion components in aerosols were ${NH_{4}}^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ for cations, and ${SO_{4}}^{2-}$, ${NO_{3}}^-$, $Cl^-$ for anions. ion components occupied 37.4% of coarse particles and 46.2% of fine particles in mass.

PM2.5 Simulations for the Seoul Metropolitan Area: ( I ) Contributions of Precursor Emissions in the 2013 CAPSS Emissions Inventory (수도권 초미세먼지 농도모사: ( I ) 2013 CAPSS 배출량 목록의 전구물질별 기여도 추정)

  • Kim, Soontae;Bae, Changhan;Kim, Byeong-Uk;Kim, Hyun Cheol
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
    • /
    • v.33 no.2
    • /
    • pp.139-158
    • /
    • 2017
  • CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality Model) simulations were carried out to estimate the potential range of contributions on surface $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations over the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) with the gaseous precursors and Primary Particulate Matters(PPM) available from a recent national emissions inventory. In detail, on top of a base simulation utilizing the 2013 Clean Air Policy Supporting System (CAPSS) emission inventory, a set of Brute Force Method (BFM) simulations after reducing anthropogenic $NO_x$, $SO_2$, $NH_3$, VOCs, and PPM emissions released from area, mobile, and point sources in SMA by 50% were performed in turn. Modeling results show that zero-out contributions(ZOC) of $NH_3$ and PPM emissions from SMA are as high as $4{\sim}5{\mu}g/m^3$ over the region during the modeling period. On the contrary, ZOC of local $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ emissions to SMA $PM_{2.5}$ are less than $1{\mu}g/m^3$. Moreover, model analyses indicate that a wintertime $NO_x$ reduction at least up to 50% increases SMA $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations, probably due to increased HNO3 formation and conversion to aerosols under more abundant ozone and radical conditions after the $NO_x$ reduction. However, a nation-wide $NO_x$ reduction decreased SMA $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations even during winter, which implies that nation-wide reductions would be more effective to curtail SMA $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations than localized efforts.

Characteristics of Metallic and Ionic Concentrations in PM10 and PM2.5 in Busan (부산지역 PM10과 PM2.5 중의 금속 농도와 이온농도 특성)

  • Jeon, Byung-Il;Hwang, Yong-Sik
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
    • /
    • v.23 no.5
    • /
    • pp.819-827
    • /
    • 2014
  • This study analyzes the chemical composition of metallic elements and water-soluble ions in $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$. $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations in Busan during 2010-2012 were $97.2{\pm}67.5$ and $67.5{\pm}32.8{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, and the mean $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ concentration ratio was 0.73. The contribution rate of water-soluble ions to $PM_{10}$ ranged from 29.0% to 58.6%(a mean of 38.6%) and that to $PM_{2.5}$ ranged from 33.9% to 58.4%(a mean of 43.1%). The contribution rate of sea salt to $PM_{10}$ was 13.9% for 2011 and 9.7% for 2012, while that to $PM_{2.5}$ was 17.4% for 2011 and 10.1% for 2012. $PM_{10}$ concentration during Asian dust events was $334.3{\mu}g/m^3$ and $113.3{\mu}g/m^3$ during non-Asian dust events, and the $PM_{10}$ concentration ratio of Asian Dust/Non Asian dust was 2.95. On the other hand, the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration in Asian dust was $157.4{\mu}g/m^3$ and $83.2{\mu}g/m^3$ in Non Asian dust, and the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration ratio of Asian Dust/Non Asian dust was 1.89, which was lower than that of $PM_{10}$.