• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.253-266
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 연료형 목재제품 중 국내 유통되고 있는 3종의 성형탄(숯가루 성형탄, 톱밥성형탄, 구멍탄착화용 성형탄)을 선정하여 연소특성, 유해물질 함량, 연소 시 발생되는 대기오염물질 배출 특성에 관한 연구를 진행하였다. 연소시 숯가루 성형탄이 톱밥성형탄보다 더 높은 일산화탄소를 발생시켰으며, 성형목탄의 연소 시 발생하는 대기오염물질 배출량을 대기환경보전법 배출허용기준과 비교 시 전체 제품의 질소·황산화물 배출 기준에 미치지 못하였다. 2019년 기준 배출 허용기준으로 일산화탄소 200 ppm, 질소 산화물 150 ppm, 황산화물 100 ppm이며, 이산화탄소 배출 기준은 변경되지 않았다. 본 연구에 의해 생성된 연소가스 분석을 기초 자료로 성형목탄의 연소 시 생성되는 대기오염물질의 배출 계산을 위한 표준에 대한 연구 및 성형목탄의 불완전 연소에 의해 생성되는 일산화탄소 저감에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2012

China has been a top producer and exporter of refined lead products in the world since the year 2000. After the phasing-out of leaded gasoline in the late 1990s, non-ferrous metallurgy and coal combustion have been identified as potential major sources of aerosol lead in China. This paper presents the single particle analytical results of ambient aerosol particles collected near a lead smelter using a scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Aerosol particle samples were collected over a 24-hour period, starting from 8 pm on 31 May 2002, using a high volume TSP sampler. For this near source sample, 73 particles among 377 particles analyzed (accounting for 19.4%) were lead-containing particles mixed with other species (S, Cl, K, Ca, and/or C), which probably appeared to be from a nearby lead smelter. Lead-containing particles of less than $2{\mu}m$ size in the near source sample were most frequently encountered with the relative abundances of 42%. SEM-EDX analysis of individual standard particles, such as PbO, PbS, $PbSO_4$, $PbCl_2$, and $PbCO_3$, was also performed to assist in the clear identification of lead-containing aerosol particles. Lead-containing particles were frequently associated with arsenic and zinc, indicating that the smelter had emitted those species during the non-ferrous metallurgical process. The frequently encountered particles following the lead-containing particles were mineral dust particles, such as aluminosilicates (denoted as AlSi), $SiO_2$, and $CaCO_3$. Nitrate- and sulfate-containing particles were encountered frequently in $2-4{\mu}m$ size range, and existed mostly in the forms of $Ca(NO_3,SO_4)/C$, $(Mg,Ca)SO_4/C$, and $AlSi+(NO_3,SO_4)$. Particles containing metals (e.g., Fe, Cu, and As) in this near source sample had relative abundances of approximately 10%. Although the airborne particles collected near the lead smelter contained elevated levels of lead, other types of particles, such as $CaCO_3$-containing, carbonaceous, metal-containing, nitrates, sulfates, and fly-ash particles, showed the unique signatures of samples influenced by emissions from the lead smelter.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.405-412
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• 2012

MCFC 발전시스템에서 연소기는 연료극의 배가스 중에 포함된 미반응 가스를 연료로 사용하여 공기극에 $H_2O$와 $CO_2$ 농도가 높은 고온의 혼합가스를 공급하는 역할을 한다. 하지만 이러한 배가스는 가연한계 이하로 내려가게 되어 통상적인 연소방식에 의한 완전연소가 어렵기 때문에 이를 해결하기 위하여 촉매연소기를 사용한다. 완전연소 및 이에 다른 공해물질의 저감 특성에 따라 최근 촉매연소는 환경친화적인 연소방식으로 주목받고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 MCFC 발전시스템의 BOP 시스템에 적용되는 촉매연소기에 대한 실험연구를 수행하였다. 본문에서는 실험장치를 설명한 후 촉매연소 시스템의 설계변수, 즉, $H_2$ 연료 첨가에 따른 연료조성, 유입가스의 온도, 과잉 공기비, 촉매의 종류, 그리고 시동 스케줄에 따른 촉매연소 특성을 고찰하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.159-173
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• 2017

The Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) - Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) system was applied to investigate the influence of major point sources located in Chungcheongnam-do (CN) on surface $PM_{2.5}$ (Particulate Matter of which diameter is $2.5{\mu}m$ or less) concentrations in its surrounding areas. Uncertainties associated with contribution estimations were examined through cross-comparison of modeling results using various combinations of model inputs and setups; two meteorological datasets developed with WRF for 2010 and 2014, and two domestic emission inventories for 2010 and 2013 were used to estimate contributions of major point sources in CN. The results show that contributions of major point sources in CN to annual $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations over Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi, and CN ranged $0.51{\sim}1.63{\mu}g/m^3$, $0.71{\sim}1.62{\mu}g/m^3$, $0.63{\sim}1.66{\mu}g/m^3$, and $1.04{\sim}1.86{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, depending on meteorology and emission inventory choice. It indicates that the contributions over the surrounding areas can be affected by model inputs significantly. Nitrate was the most dominant $PM_{2.5}$ component that was increased by major point sources in CN followed by sulfate, ammonium, and others. Based on the model simulations, it was estimated that primary $PM_{2.5}$ $(PPM)-to-PM_{2.5}$ conversion rates were 41.3~50.7 ($10^{-6}{\mu}g/m^3/TPY$) for CN, and 12.4~18.3 ($10^{-6}{\mu}g/m^3/TPY$) for Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi, respectively. In addition, spatial gradients of PPM contributions show very steep trends. $NO_X$-to-nitrate conversion rates were 7.61~12.3 ($10^{-6}{\mu}g/m^3/TPY$) for CN, and 3.94~11.3 ($10^{-6}{\mu}g/m^3/TPY$) for the sub-regions in the SMA. $SO_2$-to-sulfate conversion rates were 4.04~5.28 ($10^{-6}{\mu}g/m^3/TPY$) for CN, and 3.73~4.43 ($10^{-6}{\mu}g/m^3/TPY$) for the SMA, respectively.