• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.413-426
• /
• 2009

중금속으로 오염된 폐금은광산 주변 논토양에 탄소원을 주입하였을 경우 토착미생물에 의한 중금속의 거동 변화를 실험적으로 확인하고, 미생물학적 황산염환원을 촉진하기 위하여 황산염을 주입하였을 경우의 지구화학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 혐기적 조건에서 오염 토양에 유산염과 포도당 둥의 탄소원을 공급하고 토착미생물을 접종한 후 약 100일 동안 반응시켰으며 반응 시작 후 60일이 경과하였을 때 황산염 250 mg/L를 인위적으로 주입하였다. 유산염을 공급하였을 때 실험 기간 중 pH는 7~8 내외를 유지하였으나 포도당을 공급한 경우에는 초기 24일까지 평균 4.8의 pH를 보이다 이후 7.6까지 증가하였다. 이러한 pH 차이는 포도당을 공급하였을 때 Fe와 대부분의 중금속이 유산염에 비하여 높은 함량으로 용출된 원인으로 판단된다. 실험 초기에 용출된 Fe는 미생물 접종 시료에서 시간에 따라 점진적으로 감소하였다. 용존 Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu의 경우 유산염을 공급하였을 때 미생물을 주입한 시료와 주입하지 않은 비교시료 간에 뚜렷한 함량 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 포도당을 공급하였을 때 약 20일 경과 시부터 Zn, Pb, Ni의 함량이 미생물접종 시료에서 급격하게 감소하였고 Cu는 비교시료보다 높은 용출량을 나타냈다. Cr과 As는 두 탄소원을 공급하였을 때 모두 미생물접종 시료와 비교시료에서 용출이 지속되었으나, 황산염을 주입하자 미생물 시료에서 용존 Cr은 급격히 감소하였고 As는 용출이 중단되었다. 황산염 주입 후 반응 용기에서 검은색 침전물이 형성되었다. 이를 X-선회절분석한 결과 미생물을 주입하였을 때 침전된 물질은 violarite($Fe^{+2}{Ni^{+3}}_2S_4$)로 추정되며 이는 철환원 및 미생물학적 황산염환원에 의하여 침전물이 형성될 때 중금속이 공침전한 것으로 여겨진다. 이상의 결과를 통해 볼 때 논토양에서 용출되기 쉬운 중금속이 미생물학적 황산염환원에 의해 고정화되는 효과를 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국광물학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.47-60
• /
• 2007

서해안 지역 갯벌의 퇴적학적인 연구는 많이 진행되어 왔으나 갯벌 퇴적물의 광물학적인 연구 및 지구 미생물학적 연구는 미비하다. 따라서 본 연구는 전라남도 무안군의 청계면과 해제면의 갯벌 퇴적물 내 광물의 특성 관찰 및 철 환원 박테리아의 존재에 따른 철산화물 상전이를 연구하는데 목적이 있다. 갯벌 퇴적물의 광물학적인 특성 관찰을 위해 입도분석으로 분리된 입자를 주사전자현미경(SEM-EDX), 투사전자현미경(TEM), X-선회절(XRD) 분석을 이용하여 구성광물을 관찰하였다. 생지화학적 연구는 갯벌 퇴적물 내 철 환원 박테리아의 존재를 확인한 후, 갯벌 내 서식하는 철 환원 박테리아를 이용하여 akaganeite, ferrihydrite, 침철석을 전자수용체로 그리고 젖산, 글루코스를 전자공여체로 사용하여 3가 철의 환원 실험을 실시하였다. 이들 박테리아에 의한 산화철의 상전이 과정에서 형성된 이차광물을 투사전자현미경과 X-선회절 분석을 사용하여 관찰하였다. 청계면과 해제면의 갯벌 퇴적물 모두 석영, 사장석, 미사장석, 흑운모, 카올린, 일라이트 등으로 구성되어 있었다. 또한 갯벌 퇴적물로부터 배양한 철 환원 박테리아는 글루코스 또는 락테이트를 전자공여체로 이용하여 적갈색이었던 akaganeite를 나노미터 크기의 검은색 자철석으로 그리고 적갈색의 ferrihydrite를 검은색의 비정질 광물로 상전이 시켰다. 또한 노란색의 침철석을 녹색으로 환원시켰으며 침철석의 일부를 나노미터 크기의 광물로 상전이 시켰음을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면 갯벌 퇴적물로부터 배양한 미생물들은 유기물을 전자공여체로 이용하며 3가철을 포함한 산화철을 환원시키고 자철석과 같은 2가 철을 포함한 광물을 형성함을 보여 주었다. 이들 박테리아의 활동은 갯벌 퇴적물 내에서 유기물과 금속이온의 순환에 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 자철석을 형성하는 등 생광화작용에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.X>$2{\sim}35\;wt%$이다. 멜트(melt)에서 가장 먼저 용리된 유체로부터 형성된 유체포유물은 규산염용융포유물과 공간적으로 연관되어 산출되는 III형이며 I형에 비해 전기석의 중앙부에서 산출되는 II형이 I형보다 먼저 포획된 것으로 추측된다. 용융체에서 용리되진 유체의 염도는 용리압력과 밀접한 관련성이 있으며, 염도의 요동(fluctuation)은 페그마타이트가 형성되는 동안 압력의 요동이 있었음을 의미한다. IV형은 가장 후기에 포획된 유체포유물이며, 광산 주변에 분포하는 석회암체 등의 변성퇴적암류로부터 $CO_{2}$ 성분과 다양한 성분의 유체가 공급되어 생성된 것으로 여겨진다. 정동이 발달하고 있지 않으며, 백운모를 함유하고 있는 대유페그마타이트는 변성작용에 의한 부분용융에 의해 형성된 멜트에서 결정화되었으며, 상당히 높은 압력의 환경에서 대유페그마타이트의 결정화작용 과정에서 용리한 유체의 성분이 전기석에 포획되어 있다. 이때 용리된 유체는 다양한 성분을 지니고 있었으며, 매우 낮은 공융온도와 다양한 딸결정은 포유물 내에 NaCl, KCl 이외에 적어도 $CaCl_{2},\;MgCl_{2}$와 같은 성분을 포함하고 있음을 지시한다. 유체의 용리는 적어도 $2.7{\sim}5.3$ kbar 이상의 압력과 $230{\sim}328^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 시작되었다.없었다. 결론적으로 일부 한방제와 생약제제는 육계에서 항생제를 대체하여 사용이 가능하며 특히 혈액의 성분에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다. 실증연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.trip과 Sof-Lex disc로 얻어진 표면은 레진전색제의 사용으로 표면조도의 개선이 이루어지지 않았다.^{11}C]raclopride$ PET을 이용하여 비흡연 정상인에서 흡연에 의한 도파민 유리를 영상화 및

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.3225-3262
• /
• 1974

The purposes of this thesis are to clarify experimentally the variation of ground water temperature in tube wells during the irrigation period of paddy rice, and the effect of ground water irrigation on the growth, grain yield and yield components of the rice plant, and, furthermore, when and why the plant is most liable to be damaged by ground water, and also to find out the effective ground water irrigation methods. The results obtained in this experiment are as follows; 1. The temperature of ground water in tube wells varies according to the location, year, and the depth of the well. The average temperatures of ground water in a tubewells, 6.3m, 8.0m deep are $14.5^{\circ}C$ and $13.1^{\circ}C$, respercively, during the irrigation period of paddy rice (From the middle of June to the end of September). In the former the temperature rises continuously from $12.3^{\circ}C$ to 16.4$^{\circ}C$ and in the latter from $12.4^{\circ}C$ to $13.8^{\circ}C$ during the same period. These temperatures are approximately the same value as the estimated temperatures. The temperature difference between the ground water and the surface water is approximately $11^{\circ}C$. 2. The results obtained from the analysis of the water quality of the "Seoho" reservoir and that of water from the tube well show that the pH values of the ground water and the surface water are 6.35 and 6.00, respectively, and inorganic components such as N, PO4, Na, Cl, SiO2 and Ca are contained more in the ground water than in the surface water while K, SO4, Fe and Mg are contained less in the ground water. 3. The response of growth, yield and yield components of paddy rice to ground water irrigation are as follows; (l) Using ground water irrigation during the watered rice nursery period(seeding date: 30 April, 1970), the chracteristics of a young rice plant, such as plant height, number of leaves, and number of tillers are inferior to those of young rice plants irrigated with surface water during the same period. (2) In cases where ground water and surface water are supplied separately by the gravity flow method, it is found that ground water irrigation to the rice plant delays the stage at which there is a maximum increase in the number of tillers by 6 days. (3) At the tillering stage of rice plant just after transplanting, the effect of ground water irrigation on the increase in the number of tillers is better, compared with the method of supplying surface water throughout the whole irrigation period. Conversely, the number of tillers is decreased by ground water irrigation at the reproductive stage. Plant height is extremely restrained by ground water irrigation. (4) Heading date is clearly delayed by the ground water irrigation when it is practised during the growth stages or at the reproductive stage only. (5) The heading date of rice plants is slightly delayed by irrigation with the gravity flow method as compared with the standing water method. (6) The response of yield and of yield components of rice to ground water irrigation are as follows: \circled1 When ground water irrigation is practised during the growth stages and the reproductive stage, the culm length of the rice plant is reduced by 11 percent and 8 percent, respectively, when compared with the surface water irrigation used throughout all the growth stages. \circled2 Panicle length is found to be the longest on the test plot in which ground water irrigation is practised at the tillering stage. A similar tendency as that seen in the culm length is observed on other test plots. \circled3 The number of panicles is found to be the least on the plot in which ground water irrigation is practised by the gravity flow method throughout all the growth stages of the rice plant. No significant difference is found between the other plots. \circled4 The number of spikelets per panicle at the various stages of rice growth at which_ surface or ground water is supplied by gravity flow method are as follows; surface water at all growth stages‥‥‥‥‥ 98.5. Ground water at all growth stages‥‥‥‥‥‥62.2 Ground water at the tillering stage‥‥‥‥‥ 82.6. Ground water at the reproductive stage ‥‥‥‥‥ 74.1. \circled5 Ripening percentage is about 70 percent on the test plot in which ground water irrigation is practised during all the growth stages and at the tillering stage only. However, when ground water irrigation is practised, at the reproductive stage, the ripening percentage is reduced to 50 percent. This means that 20 percent reduction in the ripening percentage by using ground water irrigation at the reproductive stage. \circled6 The weight of 1,000 kernels is found to show a similar tendency as in the case of ripening percentage i. e. the ground water irrigation during all the growth stages and at the reproductive stage results in a decreased weight of the 1,000 kernels. \circled7 The yield of brown rice from the various treatments are as follows; Gravity flow; Surface water at all growth stages‥‥‥‥‥‥514kg/10a. Ground water at all growth stages‥‥‥‥‥‥428kg/10a. Ground water at the reproductive stage‥‥‥‥‥‥430kg/10a. Standing water; Surface water at all growh stages‥‥‥‥‥‥556kg/10a. Ground water at all growth stages‥‥‥‥‥‥441kg/10a. Ground water at the reproductive stage‥‥‥‥‥‥450kg/10a. The above figures show that ground water irrigation by the gravity flow and by the standing water method during all the growth stages resulted in an 18 percent and a 21 percent decrease in the yield of brown rice, respectively, when compared with surface water irrigation. Also ground water irrigation by gravity flow and by standing water resulted in respective decreases in yield of 16 percent and 19 percent, compared with the surface irrigation method. 4. Results obtained from the experiments on the improvement of ground water irrigation efficiency to paddy rice are as follows; (1) When the standing water irrigation with surface water is practised, the daily average water temperature in a paddy field is 25.2$^{\circ}C$, but, when the gravity flow method is practised with the same irrigation water, the daily average water temperature is 24.5$^{\circ}C$. This means that the former is 0.7$^{\circ}C$ higher than the latter. On the other hand, when ground water is used, the daily water temperatures in a paddy field are respectively 21.$0^{\circ}C$ and 19.3$^{\circ}C$ by practising standing water and the gravity flow method. It can be seen that the former is approximately 1.$0^{\circ}C$ higher than the latter. (2) When the non-water-logged cultivation is practised, the yield of brown rice is 516.3kg/10a, while the yield of brown rice from ground water irrigation plot throughout the whole irrigation period and surface water irrigation plot are 446.3kg/10a and 556.4kg/10a, respectivelely. This means that there is no significant difference in yields between surface water irrigation practice and non-water-logged cultivation, and also means that non-water-logged cultivation results in a 12.6 percent increase in yield compared with the yield from the ground water irrigation plot. (3) The black and white coloring on the inside surface of the water warming ponds has no substantial effect on the temperature of the water. The average daily water temperatures of the various water warming ponds, having different depths, are expressed as Y=aX+b, while the daily average water temperatures at various depths in a water warming pond are expressed as Y=a(b)x (where Y: the daily average water temperature, a,b: constants depending on the type of water warming pond, X; water depth). As the depth of water warning pond is increased, the diurnal difference of the highest and the lowest water temperature is decreased, and also, the time at which the highest water temperature occurs, is delayed. (4) The degree of warming by using a polyethylene tube, 100m in length and 10cm in diameter, is 4~9$^{\circ}C$. Heat exchange rate of a polyethylene tube is 1.5 times higher than that or a water warming channel. The following equation expresses the water warming mechanism of a polyethylene tube where distance from the tube inlet, time in day and several climatic factors are given: {{{{ theta omega (dwt)= { a}_{0 } (1-e- { x} over { PHI v })+ { 2} atop { SUM from { { n}=1} { { a}_{n } } over { SQRT { 1+ {( n omega PHI) }^{2 } } } } LEFT { sin(n omega t+ { b}_{n }+ { tan}^{-1 }n omega PHI )-e- { x} over { PHI v }sin(n omega LEFT ( t- { x} over {v } RIGHT ) + { b}_{n }+ { tan}^{-1 }n omega PHI ) RIGHT } +e- { x} over { PHI v } theta i}}}}{{{{ { theta }_{$\infty$ }(t)= { { alpha theta }_{a }+ { theta }_{ w'} +(S- { B}_{s } ) { U}_{w } } over { beta } , PHI = { { cpDU}_{ omega } } over {4 beta } }}}} where $\theta$$\omega$; discharged water temperature($^{\circ}C$) $\theta$a; air temperature ($^{\circ}C$) $\theta$$\omega$';ponded water temperature($^{\circ}C$) s ; net solar radiation(ly/min) t ; time(tadian) x; tube length(cm) D; diameter(cm) ao,an,bn;constants determined from $\theta$$\omega$(t) varitation. cp; heat capacity of water(cal/$^{\circ}C$ ㎥) U,Ua; overall heat transfer coefficient(cal/$^{\circ}C$ $\textrm{cm}^2$ min-1) $\omega$;1 velocity of water in a polyethylene tube(cm/min) Bs ; heat exchange rate between water and soil(ly/min)

• 핵의학기술
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.80-85
• /
• 2017

D530c는 cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detector가 심장을 중심으로 배열되어 회전 없이 짧은 시간에 검사가 가능하며 높은 해상도의 영상획득이 가능하다. 하지만 이러한 구조적 특성으로 인해 환자의 움직임에 민감하며, 검사 결과에도 일부분 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 D530c에서 검사 중 발생되는 환자의 움직임 감소 활동을 통해 영상 품질의 최적화를 목적으로 한다. 환자의 다양한 움직임 원인을 분석하여 호흡보정 도구 제작, 환자의 호흡 및 움직임에 관한 주의사항 교육 등의 개선활동을 시행하였다. 개선 전 대상으로 2016년 11월에 D530c에서 심근관류 SPECT를 시행한 환자 70명을 선정하였고, 개선 후 2017년 2월 14일부터 2017년 2월 21일까지 시행한 환자 70명을 대상으로 하였다. 검사 시작 전 위치에서 X, Y, Z 축으로 이동된 심장의 변동거리(4 mm, 8 mm, 12 mm 이상)별 움직임 발생시간을 측정하여 개선 전 후 Stress와 Rest 영상을 각각 비교 분석하였다. 개선활동 후 심장의 움직임 발생시간이 stress와 rest 영상에서 모두 감소되었으며, 특히 stress 영상에서 12 mm 이상의 큰 움직임 발생횟수가 0회(발생시간 0초)로 기록되었다. 심장의 위치가 X축으로 4 mm, 8 mm 변동된 발생시간과 Z축으로 8 mm 변동된 발생시간은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었지만(p<0.005), 그 외 stress와 rest의 모든 구간의 발생시간은 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.005). 호흡에 의해서도 발생 가능한 4 mm 변동거리에 따른 움직임 발생시간의 감소는 교육 및 움직임 방지 도구를 통해 검사 중 환자의 호흡이 보정된 결과로 파악되며, 호흡 이외의 환자의 실제 움직임으로 발생되었을 것으로 예상되는 8 mm, 12 mm 이상의 변동거리에 따른 움직임 발생시간 감소를 통해 영상 품질의 향상을 가져올 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.53-66
• /
• 1993

By this time, a few of previous studies of factors related to separation from their jobs and job satisfaction only have dealt with the separation rate. the cause of separation and related factors that induce job satisfaction and incentive factors, the actualities of morale some suggestions for reduction of the separation rate. This study is attempted to determine factors that have effect on job satisfaction of national hospital nurses. and to proide information and materials for the development of the administration of nursing through the appreciation of factors influencing on job satisfaction between isolated ward nurses and general ward nurses working at national hospitals. 185 nurses of national hospitals responsed th this study, and were divided into two groups. Group 1: 57 nurses working at isolated wards for tuberculosis patients and Group 2 : 128 nurses at general wards. Relevant data were collected from August, 5, 1992 through August 20, 1992. The questionnaire consisted of 8 genalized items and 4 items concerning job satisfaction. The collected data were processed with SPSS, and the relationship among vaviables was analyzed by means of $X^2-test$, Pearson Correlation, Multiple Regression. The results of this study are as follows: 1. There is no significant difference between two groups in terms of generalized items. Age distributions show $44.3\%$ under the category of less than 34. and $55.7\%$ under the category more than 35, $19.3%$ was single and $74.6\%$ was married respectively. 2. $79.4\%$ of the nurses have the desire to have in-service education under the satisfactory physical environments such as welfare system, accommodating structures and facilities, instruments or management systems of the hospital, but under the category of unsatisfactory circumstances, $60.3\%$ have the intention of having in- service education. The concern in terms of in-service education shows statistically significant difference between two groups $(X^2=8.85,\;p<0. 05)$. This result accepts the hypothesis that good physical environments could intensify interests in service education. 3. The extent of satisfaction related to psychological environments is heightend according to good physical environments. In result, the hypothesis that the extent of satisfaction in terms of physical environments could raise satisfaction about psychological environment is accepted. 4. In the light of the extent of satisfaction about physical environments, $33.3\%$ of isolated ward nurses are satisfied with physical environments, but only $11.7\%$ of general ward nurses are satisfied. $(X^2=10.88,\; p<0.01)$. This result shows that the satisfaction degree about phusicalenvironments of isolated war nurses was higher than that of general ward nurses in spite of high physical and psychological risks due to exposure to infection. Consequently. the hypothesis was rejected that the satisfaction degree about physical environments would be lower in isolated ward nurses than in general ward nurses. 5. The fact that $87.7%$ of isolated ward nurses took interest in service education and $53.19\%$ of general ward nurses took interest in service education demonstrats that isolated ward nurse have more interest in service education than gerneral ward nurses. The result shows that the hypothesis is accepted that isolated ward nurses would have mor interests in service education than general ward nurses. 6. In the extent of satisfaction about physical environments such as morale human relationship promotion, there is no significant difference between two groups in terms of statistics. The hypothesis is rejected that satisfaction about psychologic environments would be high in isolated ward nurses than in general ward nurses. In conclusion. factors influencing on job satisfaction are considered to have effect on. another, and also interdisciplinary amelioration of factors accompanied with systematic inter cooperative investigation is necessary.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.155-166
• /
• 1989

Bonica defined, that reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) may develop pain, vasomotor abnoramalities, delayed functional recovery, and dystrophic changes on an affected area without major neurologic injury following trauma, surgery or one of several diseased states. This 45 year old male patient had been crushed on his left shoulder by a heavily laden rear car, during his job street cleaning about 10 years ago (1978). At first the pain was localizea only to the site of injury, but with time, it spreaded from the shoulder to the elbow and hand, with swelling. X-ray studies in the local clinic, showed no bone abnormalities of the affected site. During about 10 years following the injury, the had recieved several types of treatments such as nonsteroidal analgesics, steroid injections into the glenoidal cavity (10 times), physical therapy, some oriental herb medicines, and acupuncture over a period of 1~3 months annually. His shoulder pain and it's joint dysfunction persisted with recurrent paroxysmal aggrevation because of being mismanaged or neglected for a sufficiently long period these fore permiting progression of the sympathetic imbalance. On July 14 1988 when he visited our clinic. He complained of burning, aching and had a hyperpathic response or hyperesthesia in touch from the shoulder girdle to the elbow and the hand. Also the skin of the affected area was pale, cold, and there was much sweating of the axilla and palm, but no edema. The shoulder girdle was unable to move due to joint pain with marked weakness. We confirmed skin temperatures $5^{\circ}C$ lower than those of the unaffected axilla, elbow and palm of his hand, and his nails were slightly ridged with lateral arching and some were brittle. On X-ray findings of both the shoulder AP & lateral view, the left humerus and joint area showed diffuse post-traumatic osteoporosis and fibrous ankylozing with an osteoarthritis-like appearance. For evaluating the RSD and it's relief of pain, the left cervical sympathetic ganglion was blocked by injecting 0.5% bupivacaine 5 ml with normal saline 5 ml (=SGB). After 15 minutes following the SGB, the clinical efficacy of the block by the patients subjective score of pain intensity (=PSSPI), showed a 50% reduction of his shoulder and arm pain, which was burning in quality, and a hyperpathic response against palpation by the examiner. The skin temperatures of the axilla and palm rose to $4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ more than those before the SGB. He felt that his left face and upper extremity became warmer than before the SGB, and that he had reduced sweating on his axilla and his palm. Horner's sign was also observed on his face and eyes. But his deep shoulder joint pain was not improved. For the control of the remaining shoulder joint pain, after 45 minutes following the SGB, a somatic sensory block was performed by injecting 0.5% bupivacaine 6 ml mixed with salmon calcitonin, $Tridol^{(R)}$, $Polydyn^{(R)}$ and triamcinolone into the fossa of the acromioclavicular joint region. The clinical effect of the somatic block showed an 80% releif of the deep joint pain by the PSSPI of the joint motion. Both blocks, as the above mentioned, were repeated a total of 28 times respectively, during 6 months, except the steroid was used just 3 times from the start. For maintaining the relieved pain level whilst using both blocks, we prescribed a low dose of clonazepam, prazocin, $Etravil^{(R)}$, codeine, etodolac micronized and antacids over 6 months. The result of the treatments were as follows; 1) The burning, aching and hyperpathic condition which accompanied with vaosmotor and pseudomotor dysfunction, disappeared gradually to almost nothing, within 3 weeks from the starting of the blocks every other day. 2) The joint disability of the affected area was improved little by little within 6 months. 3) The post-traumatic osteoporosis, fibrous ankylosis and marginal sclerosis with a narrowed joint, showed not much improvement on the X-ray findings (on April 25, 1989) 10 months later in the follow-up. 4) Now he has returned to his job as a street cleaner.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.11-24
• /
• 1979

수도 유초의 초분별 냉해발견의 특성을 구명하고자 품종 진흥, 철원 001, 통일, 유신을 재료로 주간 $26^{\circ}C$ 13시간 (광도 20,000 lux) / 야간 $18^{\circ}C$11시간의 인공기상실에서 생장한 유초를 초령 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 엽기에 각각 처리기간을 2, 4, 6, 8 일간으로 달리하여 주간 11$^{\circ}C$ 13시간 (광도 20,000lux) / 야간 6$^{\circ}C$11시간의 저온처리를 한 후 주간 26$^{\circ}C$/ 야간 18$^{\circ}C$ 조명실로 옮겨 파종일로부터 30일간 생장시킨 결과는 다음과 같다 1. 저온처리 후 냉해에 의한 유초의 고사 현상은 처리후 3일간에 종료되었으며 초령별 유초생존율은 Japonica 품종 진흥은 모두 100%, 철원 001는 2엽기와 3엽기에 각각 8일간 저온 처리구에서만 95% 정도이었고 그 밖에는 100%이었으며, $Indica{\times}Japonica$교배품종들은 품종, 초령, 기간별로 내냉성이 달랐는데 제 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 엽기 별로 95% 이상의 생존율을 보이는 저온처리 최장기간은 통일의 경우 4, 6, 1, 4, 8 일이었고 유신은 6, 6, 1, 4, 2일이었다. 2. 저온처리 종료후 과온에 3일간 냉해를 발견시켰을 때 진흥과 철원 001는 1~5 엽기 모두에서 8일간 처리를 하여도 냉해로 인해 엽신이 고사하지 않고 6~8일간 처리할 경우 극미한 백반이 다소 형성될 뿐이었으나 통일과 유신은 엽신의 황적변고사현상이 심하였는데 처리기간이 길수록, 노엽일수록 심하였고 완전전개한 신엽이 처리후 엽면적의 10% 이하 고사하는 범위의 내냉한계는 4일 미만의 저온이었다. 3. 저온처리기간중에는 모든 품종이 각엽기 모두 초장의 신장이 거의 정체 되었으며 처리종료 후에는 신장을 재개하였으나 각엽기 모두 저온기간이 길수록 신장속도가 감소되었으며, 진흥은 1, 4, 5 엽기, 철원 1 호는 1, 4 엽기, 유신은 1 엽기에 2일간 처리할 경우에만 무처리구와 같은 정도로 회복되었고, 그밖에는 저온기간중 생장이 정체된 차이를 보상하지 못하였다. 4. 파종후 30일간 생장한 묘의 건물중은 저온처리후 엽신이 정상이었고 표생존율도 95% 이상이었던 처리구의 묘에서도 감소가 있었으며 건물중이 무처리구묘의 90% 이하가 되지 않는 저온처리한계기간 (최대가역장해기간)은 제 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 엽기별로 진흥 2, 3, 4, 4, 4 일간, 철원 001 4, 1, 1, 2, 1 일간, 통일 2, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 2 일간, 유신 4, 1, 0.5, 1, 1 일간이었다. 5. 냉해에 의한 엽신변색고사와 초장신장억제는 실용상 중요한 묘고사율 및 묘건물중과의 관계가 뚜렷하지 않았고 품종 및 묘령별 내냉성의 차이를 분화시키지 못하였으나 묘고사율은 뭄종간 내냉성의 차이를 충분히 분화시켰으며 묘건물중은 외견상 냉해치상이 없을 경우에도 감소되고 품종간 차이를 보였으므로 유묘내냉성검정은 고사율과 건물중증가억제율 두 요인을 함께 고려하여야 할 것이다. 6. 저온처리 및 내냉발견 후에 95% 이상의 생존율을 보이는 최장처리기간과 생존묘의 묘대말기 건물중이 무처리구의 90% 이하가 되지 안흔ㄴ 최장처리기간은 품종별 묘령별로 각각 달랐음로 이둘 두 요인의 값을 곱하여 내냉성종합평점으로 표시하면 진흥은 1, 2 엽기, 철원 001는 2, 3 엽기 통일과 유신은 3엽기에 약하였고 최저기온 $0^{\circ}C$, 최고기온 $15^{\circ}C$, 평균기온 $8^{\circ}C$의 온도조건하에서 육묘할 경우 비가역적 생장조해를 받을 위험이 없는 최장저온기간으 대체로 보아 진흥 3일, 철원01 2일, 통일과 유신 각각 1일이었다. 7. 주간 $11^{\circ}C$/야간 $6^{\circ}C$의 저온조건하에서 유묘기내냉서의 품종간 차이를 가장 잘 분화시키는 방법은 묘령 2~3 엽기에 6일간 저온처리한 후 10일간 상온에서 발견시키고 고사율과 건물생장억제율을 조사하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제25권9호
• /
• pp.1036-1042
• /
• 2015

병원균의 조기 차단을 목적으로 본 연구에서는 사용이 간편한 chlorine oxide 기포 발생형 살균세정용 타블렛 정제의 살균효과를 검증하였다. 대한민국 식품의약품안전처 고시 2012-10호의 사용기준에 따른 살균력의 검증결과, 본 연구에서 사용한 살균세정제를 20±1℃에서 5분±10초 처리하였을 때 Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 및 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538의 균에 대하여 초기균수(cfu/ml)를 99.999% 이상 감소하였다. 살균세정제를 희석 농도 0.1%의 경수에 1일 사용한 양말과 상하 내의를 1시간 침지한 후 CHROMagar 배지를 사용하여 살균정도를 조사한 결과 살균세정제가 투여된 처리구에서는 균이 전혀 검출되지 않았으나 무 처리 대조군의 경우 Staphylococcus sp. 등을 포함한 총 6.5×10⁴ cfu/ml의 균체가 자랐다. 또한 1.5×10⁸ cfu/ml의 실험용 E. coli BL21 균주에 살균세정제 0.1% (w/v)을 투여한 결과 투여 5분 내에 모든 균이 사멸하였다. 본 연구에서 검증한 기포발생형 살균세정제는 병원균, 실험용 대장균 및 생활용품에 대하여 뛰어난 살균효과가 있는 것으로 판명되었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.471-482
• /
• 1996

Early recognition of coalescence in pneumoconiotic lesions is important because such coalescence is associated with the respiratory symptoms and deterioration of lung function. This complicated form of pneumoconiosis also has worse prognosis than does simple pneumoconiosis. High resolution computerized tomography(HRCT) provides significant additional information on the stage of the pneumoconiosis because it easily detects coalescence of nodules and emphysema that may not be apparent on the simple radiograph. The purpose of this study is to clarify the role of HRCT in detection of large opacity and the relationship of change between the coalescence of nodules or emphysema and lung function in dust exposed workers. 1. There was good correlation between the HRCT grade of pneumoconiosis and ILO category of profusion. 5(9.09%) in 55 study population had confluent nodule extending eve, two o, more cuts on HRCT. HRCT could identify the pneumoconiotic nodules which was not found by simple radiogrphy in 6 workers with category 0/0. 2. No significant difference was observed coalescence of nodules and emphysema by dust type. 3. There was no significant difference in pulmonary function according to ILO and HRCT classification. 4. HRCT could detect the significant reduction in $FEV_1,\;FEV_1/FVC$, PEFR, $FEF_{25},\;FEF_{50},\;and\;FEF_{75}$ and remarkable increase in RV and TLC in study persons with emphysema compared with non-emphysema group. 5. Emphysema was found more often in nodules-coalescence group than small opacity group by HRCT. We found that HRCT could easily detect areas of coalescence and complicated emphysema compared to plain chest X-ray. Also our data suggest that it is primarily the degree of emphysema rather than the degree of pneumoconiosis that determines the level of pulmonary function.

• 핵의학기술
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.192-198
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The scan time reduction helps to yield more accurate results and induce the minimization of patient's motion. Also we can expect that satisfaction of examination will increase. Nowdays medical equipment companies have developed various programs to reduce scan time. We used Onco. Flash (Pixon method, SIEMENS) that is an image processing technique gated cardiac blood pool scan and going to evaluate its clinical usefullness. Materials and Method: We analyzed the 50 patients who were examined by gated blood pool scan in nuclear medicine department of Asan Mediacal Center from June $20^{th}$ 2008 to August $14^{th}$ 2008. We acquired the Full-time (6000 Kcounts) and Half-time (3000 Kcounts) LAO image in same position. And we acquired LVEF values ten times from Full-time, Half-time images acquired by the image processing technique and analyzed its mean and standard deviation values. To estimate LVEF in same conditions, we set automatic location of the LV ROI and background ROI based on same X and Y-axis. Also we performed blinding tests to physician. Results: After making a quantitative analysis of the 50 patients EF values, each mean${\pm}$standard deviation is shown at Full-time image $68.12{\pm}7.84%$, Half- time (acquired by imaging processing technique) $68.49{\pm}8.73%$. In the 95% confidence limit, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). After blinding test with a physician for making a qualitative analysis, there was no difference between Full-time image and Half-time image acquired by the image processing technique for observing LV myocardial wall motion. Conclusion: Gated cardiac blood pool scan has been reported its relatively exact EF measured results than ultrasound or CT. But gated cardiac blood pool scan takes relatively longer time than other exams and now it needs to improve time competitive power. If we adapt Half-time technique to gated cardiac blood pool scintigraphy based on this study, we expect to reduce possible artifacts and improve accessibility as well as flexibility to exam. Also we expect patient's satisfaction.