• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2010

This study was carried out to get phosphorus uptake rate in aerobic condition with nitrate and nitrite. Nitrate and nitrite inhibited phosphorus accumulating organisms' (PAOs') luxury uptake in aerobic condition. Nitrite awfully decreased the phosphorus uptake rate in aerobic condition. At the influent of 10 mg ${NO_3}^-$-NL, the phosphorus uptake was decreased to 52% comparing that at no influent of nitrate. And at the influent of 10 mg ${NO_2}^-$-NL, the phosphorus uptake was decreased to 28% comparing that at no influent of nitrite. At the influent of 20 mg ${NO_3}^-$-NL, nitrite and nitrate were co-existed and the phosphorus uptake rate was decreased to 16% comparing that at no influent of nitrite and nitrate. Also, the denitrification was occurred by denitrifying glycogen accumulating organisms (DGAOs)/denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (OPAOs) in spite of aerobic condition, and the phosphorus uptake rate was increased by the decrease of influent nitrate concentration at the aerobic condition. The inflection point in the phosphorus uptake rate was shown at the nitrite concentration of 1.5~2 mg/L.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.321-325
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• 2004

국내 충적층의 철, 망간 문제는 지속적으로 지적되어오던 수질항목이다. 충적층 지하수 내 철과 망간의 용존 특성을 확인하고자 강변여과수 부지에서 지하수의 수리지화학적 특성을 조사하였다. Fe와 Mn에 의해 오염된 관정은 D-2와 DS-3로 모두 3월에 채취한 시료이며 NO$_3$-N는 모두 0 m/L 이다. NO$_3$-N에 대해 다른 관정은 2 mg/L NO$_3$-N를 넘고 있으며, DS-8와 DS-3에서 11.30과 20.2 mg/L NO$_3$-N의 값으로 먹는물 수질기준을 초과하고 있다. Mn에 대해 오염된 관정은 SJ-3이다. 10월에 채취한 시료에서 DS-2+l8 m에서 채취한 시료가 1.16 mg/L인 것을 제외하고 대부분의 시료가 2 mg/L를 초과하고 있고, DS-6+l3 m과 SJ-3＋10 m에서 채취한 시료가 각각 10.71과 10.31 mg/L NO$_3$-N로 먹는물 수질기준을 초과하고 있다. DO 검층 자료와 NO$_3$-N 농도를 이용하여 Fe와 Mn이 먹는물 수질 기준을 초과하는 D-2와 DS-2 관정의 지하수 체의 혐기성 상태임을 확인하였다. 강변여과수 지역은 전반적으로 NO$_3$-N에 대해 인위적인 오염이 발생하고 있으며, 혐기성 상태 구간이 존재함에 따라서 Fe와 Mn이 먹는물 수질 기준을 초과하여 용존 상태로 존재한다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 1994

Lysimeter experiments were carried out to study the vertical distribution of inorganic nitrogen, the changes in pHs of soil and leachate and the fate of applied nitrogen with or without grass. The concentration of $NO_3-N$ of surface soil(0~20cm) at the rates of 0, 7, 14 and 21kg N/10a ranged from 4 to 13mg/kg, while those of subsurface soi1(20-40cm) were below 10mg/kg at 0, 7 and 14kg N/10a and subsequently increased to 83.8mg/kg at 35kg N/10a. The concentration of $NH_4{^+}-N$ was positively correlated with that of $NO_3-N$ for surface soil(>0.05). However, the concentration of $NH_4{^+}-N$ was negatively correlated with that of $NO_3-N$ for subsurface soil. A positive correlation was observed between $NO_3-N$ and extractable cations of soils. The pH of subsurface soil decreased with the $NO_3-N$ concentration and the N application rate, while that of leachate inereased with the N application rate. The pH differences between subsurface soil and leachate were 2.5 for bare soil and 3.1 for 35kg N/10a. Higher N application rate caused more soil N accumulation and the gas loss and resulted in a larger difference between N uptake by grass and the applied N.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.268-273
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• 2019

This study evaluated acute nitrate nitrogen ($NO_3-N$) toxicity in juvenile blackhead seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii. Seventy juveniles (Trial A, $7.1{\pm}0.6g$) and nine juveniles (Trial B, $71.3{\pm}3.5g$) per 70 L tank were exposed to $NO_3-N$ concentrations of 0, 500, 1500, 2500, 3500, and 4500 mg/L and 0, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, and 3000 mg/L, respectively, in triplicate for 7 days. In Trial A, all fish exposed to 3500 and $4500mg\;NO_3-N/L$ died within 48 h; in Trial B, all fish exposed to $3000\;NO_3-N/L$ died after 120 h. The $96\;LC_{50}$ and $168\;LC_{50}$ were 2505 and $1806mg\;NO_3-N/L$, respectively, in Trial A, and 2663 and $2377mg\;NO_3-N/L$ in Trial B. Large juveniles were more resistant to $NO_3-N$ than small juveniles. The results of acute $NO_3-N$ toxicity studies provide important data for subsequent chronic toxicity studies.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.78-88
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• 1985

Nitrogen fertilizer effectiveness on rice production was studied to evaluate the different forms and sources. Seven kind of nitrogen fertilizers were applied in two levels, 15 and 30 kg per 10a on Jinjubyeo (Japonica type) in silt loam paddy soil of pot cultivation. The results were summerized as follows; 1. pH in soils was decreased with enhancement of ammonium sulfate application in $NH_4-N$, but it was increased with times after nitric-acid application and PH change in soil was not remarkable when $NO_3-N$ with accessory component was applied. 2. $NH_4-N$ contents in soil were the lowest at 2 weeks after application in N 15kg/10a regardless of different sources of nitrogen fertilizer. $NO_3-N$, in N 30kg/10a, was decreased continuously until 4 weeks, while $NH_4-N$, Urea-N were at minimum during 2-3 weeks. 3. Growth of culm length and straw weight applied with AN (Ammonium Nitrate), AS (Ammonium Sulfate) and urea were superior to the form of nitrate. While NA (Nitric Acid), PN (Potassium Nitrate) and CN (Calcium Nitrate) plot of the $NO_3-N$ was the dominant fertilizers for root elongation. 4. Brown rice yields were increased dominantly by $NH_4-N$ application such as AS or AP than $NO_3-N$ pot. But the yields in case of $NO_3-N$ application CN, PN and NA were decreased. 5. N, P, Mg and Mn content of straw ranked the effectiveness of nitrogen forms as $NH_4-N$, Urea-N and $NH_4-N+NO_3-N$, while K, Ca and $SiO_2$ content of straw in $NO_3-N$ fertilizer plot were high while N, P, Mg, Mn, Fe and Mg were low. 6. Increament of nitrogen absorption in straw was stimulated by enhancement of phosphorous absorption and the growth and yield of rice plant were increased. Absorption of N, P, Ca and Mg was decreased by CN application. Absorption of N, P and Mg also was decreased by $NO_3-N$ application and N, P, Mg or Ca content were seemed to simulated the growth and yield of rice plant. 7. $SiO_2$, Zn and Fe contents of the root at harvest stage were higher than those of the straw. N, P, Mg, Mn, Zn and Fe contents were high in $NH_4-N$ and Urea treatment. While K, ca and $SiO_2$ contents, however, were high in $NO_3-N$ treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.503-506
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• 2008

질소제거 능력이 있는 Pseudomonas aeruginosa을 고분자물질인 PEG 에 포괄고정화하였으며 제조된 고정화 미생물을 이용하여 질소제거에 미치는 C/N비, 농도, 충진율, 탄소별 제거율을 검토한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) C/N비 10이상이면 NH$_4$-N 와 NO$_3$-N의 동시 제거가 가능하였으며 2) 탄소 원으로는 glucose를 사용하였을 때 NH$_4$-N 와 NO$_3$-N의 동시 제거가 가능하였으나 methanol은 탄소원으로 사용할 수 없었다. 3) 저농도의 NO$_3$-N(50 mg/L)는 완전히 제거 가능하였으나 NH$_5$-N인 경우에는 초기 NH$_4$-N 100 mg/L에서 60%정도만 제거되었다. 4) 연속처리 결과 NH$_4$-N는 HRT 변동에도 불구하고 유출수 농도 변화가 거의 없었으나, 오히려 C/N비를 증가시키면 NH$_4$-N 제거 효율이 높았고, NO$_3$-N인 경우도 마찬가지로 C/N비를 증가시키면 NO$_3$-N 제거 효율이 높았다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.256-265
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• 1997

A rapid and sequential method was studied, which can determine nitrite, nitrate and ammonium ion in soil or water samples with flow injection analysis. Geometric factors including injection volume, length of the reaction coil and flow rate of carrier solution were investigated prior to sample measurement. Nitrite was determined at 540 nm by Griess reaction producing azo dye between N-(1-naphthylethylenediamine dihydrochloride) and sulfanilamide. Nitrate was also measured under the help of reduction mechanism toward nitrite with hydrazine. Ammonium was analyzed at 440 nm with Nessler's reagent. At the optimum condition, the detection limit(S/N=3) has been shown 0.1 ㎍/mL N(NO2-), 0.4 ㎍/mL N(NO3-) and 0.3 ㎍/mL N(NH4+) respectively. The results measured by colorimetry, ion chromatography and FIA were compared showing 80%-125% reasonable match each other. Injection throughput rate could be performed better than 30 times per hour.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.278-285
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• 1993

This experiment was conducted to investigate the productivity in permanent orchardgrass grassland according to the urea fertilization levels of 0, 100, 200 kg N/ha and the animal excreta fertilization levels of 0. 40, 80, 160 kg N/ha on the basis of N contents respectively and NO$_3$-N content of the soil. The results were obtained as follows; 1. The productivity of grassland was significantly increased by the increase of the excreta fertilization levels until the urea-N level fertilization of 100 kg/ha but repressed and reduced by the increase to 160 kg/ha level of the animal excreta fertilization at urea-N fertilization level of 200 kg/ha. 2. Averaged seasonal productivity of the animal excreta N was decreased in first and third cutting time and was increased in second cutting time according to the increase of urea-N fertilization. 3. The increase of urea-N and animal excreta N increased the content of crude protein but the fertilization effect of urea-N was higher than that of animal excreta N. 4. The total yield of N was continuously increased at both of the urea-N and animal excreta N but the pure yield of N was decreased according to the increase of N fertilization and showed -63.1 kg/ha at the fertilization of the urea-N of 200 kg N/ha and animal excreta N of 160 kg/ha. 5. NO$_3$-N content of the soil of orchardgrass glassland established one year previously was no difference among the N variety and fertilization levels but was increased to the order of summer, autumn and winter. The highest content of NO$_3$-N was measured in winter with the value of 34.9 ppm.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.185-194
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• 1995

The prevention of excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer get an attention in Korea not only for minimizing $NO_3^-$ contamination of groundwater but also for establishment of environmental friendly sustainable agriculture. In order to find out the dynamics of $NO_3^-$ in barley rhizosphere and its suitability for nitrogen fertilization strategies and for environmental control, the accumulation of $NO_3^-$ in 3 layer, 0~30cm, 30~60cm, 60~90cm of soil profile has been detected in winter barley pro-duction system. It showed the recommended N fertilization rate for winter barley cause the $NO_3^-$ contamination of groundwater through $NO_3^-$ leaching during winter. The $NO_3^-$ content of 0~90cm soil depth have directly reflected the amount of basal N fertilization in the early spring, but not 0~30cm and 0~60cm soil depth. The contents of $NO_3^-$ measured to 0~30cm, 0~60cm soil depth were not significanly correlated with yield but the contents of $NO_3^-$ measured to 90cm soil depth was highly correlated with yield. Nitrogen fertilizer requirement could be estimated accurately by soil test and it provides field specific N rate recommendation for spring N application to winter barley. It was concluded that $N_{min}$ method could be applied to korean climatic and soil condition for optimal fertilizer application rate.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.135-139
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• 2001

To observe the changes in isotopic composition (${\delta}^{15}N$) of $NO_3{^-}$ during denitrification, an incubation experiment using soil treated with nitrification inhibitor (2-chloro-6-trichloromethyl-pyridine) under water-saturated condition was conducted for 153 h. The $NO_3-N$ concentration decreased from 73.3 to $20.6mg\;kg^{-1}$ during the incubation period, with denitrification rate constant of $0.00905h^{-1}$, and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of $NO_3-N$ increased from +0.9 to +25.5‰ with decreasing the $NO_3-N$ concentration. The increase in the ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of $NO_3-N$ is due to kinetic isotope fractionation, which always results in $^{15}N$ enrichment of the substrate. The isotopic fractionation factor calculated in this study was 1.0196, an indication that 1.96% more $^{14}NO_3{^-}$ reacted at a given time interval than a comparable number of $^{15}NO_3{^-}$. The ${\delta}^{15}N$ values measured through the incubation study showed a good agreement with the results calculated from the Fochts isotope fractionation model. Our results suggest that when the ${\delta}^{15}N$ of $NO_3{^-}$ is used for tracing the fate of N, the kinetic isotope fractionation associated with denitrification must be taken into consideration.