• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.158-165
• /
• 2023

This study prospective randomized controlled trial aims to test the impact of adding health education, awareness of some contributing factors and clinical guidance to therapeutic cabergoline given to infertile women with unexplained resistant hyperprolactinemia. It comprised 120 infertile women with unexplained persistent hyperprolactinemia not responding to therapeutic doses of cabergoline 1.5-2 mg/week who were subjected to proper history taking to exclude concomitant drug intake or possible brain problems in all cases. They were classified into group A (60 cases) who received health education and clinical guidance to search for possible contributing factors and were instructed to avoid them in addition to proper therapeutic doses of cabergoline, while group B (60 cases) received proper therapeutic doses of cabergoline only without clinical guidance. After 1 month, serum prolactin (PRL) was measured for all cases. All cases had high PRL level at the start of the study (79.9±28.4 [39-195] and 78.2±19.9 [42-189] in group A and B, respectively) without any significant difference. Pretreatment counselling revealed that lifestyle factors, sexual behaviors or feeding habits may contribute to resistant hyperprolactinemia in all cases without a significant difference between both groups. Serum PRL dropped significantly more in group A (20.14±10.31 [11-45] vs. 49.32±37.03 [12-100]) after combined health education, clinical guidance of the couple and proper treatment. It is concluded that lifestyle factors, sexual behaviors, and feeding habits would affect the response of hyperprolactinemia to treatment. Health education and clinical guidance with some advice to avoid them, would concomitantly improve the response of resistant hyperprolactinemia to therapeutic doses of dopamine agonists.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.7
• /
• pp.1017-1024
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to develop mulberry wines fermented with traditional microorganisms (Saccharomyces cerevisiae B-8). S. cerevisiae B-8 is a traditional fermentation microorganism isolated from domestically grown Rubus occidentalis. Each S. cerevisiae B-8 and Fermivin was inoculated into mulberry up to $1{\times}10^9$ CFU/kg, followed by incubation at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. Mulberry fermented with S. cerevisiae B-8 (MBB) had a high alcohol content (16.47%), and the fermentation rate of MBB was faster than that of mulberry fermented with Fermivin (MBF). The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of MBB were higher than those of MBF. DPPH radical scavenging activity of MBB was as high as that of MBF. ABTS radical scavenging activity of MBF was higher than those of MBB and mulberry juice (MBJ). In addition, reducing power of MBB was much higher than other samples. Flavor constituents of the two fermented wines were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Twenty-three compounds from the sample were separated and identified as fifteen esters, six alcohols, an aldehyde, and an acetate. Particularly, tetradecanoic acid, ethyl ester of orris and violet flavor were ten times more abundant in MBB than in MBF. Several ester components were two times more abundant in MBB than in MBF. In conclusion, current findings indicate that MBB might have better antioxidant activities with flavor, which contributes to improved wine production with high quality and function.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2004

Objective: This study was to examine the in vitro neural cell differentiation patterns of human embryonic stem (hES) cells following treatment of various neurotrophic factors [basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), retinoic acid (RA), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-$\alpha$], particulary in dopaminergic neuron formation. Methods: The hES cells were induced to differentiate by bFGF and RA. Group I) In bFGF induction method, embryoid bodies (EBs, for 4 days) derived from hES were plated onto gelatin dish, selected for 8 days in ITSFn medium and expanded at the presence of bFGF (10 ng/ml) for another 6 days followed by a final differentiation in N2 medium for 7, 14 and 21 days. Group II) For RA induction, EBs were exposed of RA ($10^{-6}M$) for 4 days and allowed to differentiate in N2 medium for 7, 14 and 21 days. Group III) To examine the effects of additional neurotrophic factors, bFGF or RA induced cells were exposed to either BDNF (10 ng/ml) or TGF-$\alpha$ (10 ng/ml) during the 21 days of final differentiation. Neuron differentiation and dopamine secretion were examined by indirect immunocytochemistry and HPLC, respectively. Results: The bFGF or RA treated hES cells were resulted in similar neural cell differentiation patterns at the terminal differentiation stage, specifically, 75% neurons and 11% glial cells. Additionally, treatment of hES cells with BDNF or TGF-$\alpha$ during the terminal differentiation stage led to significantly increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression of a dopaminergic neuron marker, compared to control (p<0.05). In contrast, no effect was observed on the rate of mature neuron (NF-200) or glutamic acid decarboxylase-positive neurons. Immunocytochemistry and HPLC analyses revealed the higher levels of TH expression (20.3%) and dopamine secretion (265.5 $\pm$ 62.8 pmol/mg) in bFGF and TGF-sequentially treated hES cells than those in $\alpha$ RA or BDNF treated hES cells. Conclusion: These results indicate that the generation of dopamine secretory neurons from in vitro differentiated hES cells can be improved by TGF-$\alpha$ addition in the bFGF induction protocol.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 1993

To find biologically active components of the higher fungi of Korea, the carpophores of Auricularia polytricha, a well-known edible mushroom, were extracted with 0.14 M NaCl solution. The extract was successively fractionated by adding ammonium sulfate at various concentrations, and the respective precipitates were separated by centrifugation, then dialyzed and freeze-dried. When a does of 60 mg/kg of each was injected i.p. into ICR mice, the fraction which precipitated at 20% ammonium sulfate showed the highest toxicity, killing seven out of seven mice within two days. The fraction obtained at 40% ammonium sulfate showed the second highest toxicity. The two fractions were named auritoxin I and II after the genus name. However, they Nere shown to have nearly identical composition by physicochemical and 6.8% protein. The polysaccharide moiety was found to have 12.3% $\alpha$-linkage and 87.7% $\beta$-linkage and to be a heteromannoglucan consisting of 45.1% glucose, 435 mannose and 11.0% xylose. The protein moiety contained ten amino adids. The molecular weight of the toxin was $1.5\times10^6$ dalton by Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration. The modian lethal doses of auritoxin in mice were 56.4, 157.2 and 454.6 mg/kg by i.p., s.c. and p.o.administrations, respectively. The signs of intrxication were convulsion during the first 30 minutes after the injection, coma or sleeping within an hour, termor, lacrimation, nasal bleeding congestion, and death in 24 hours. Smong the various organs, the spleen was found to be enlarged remarkably. Human platelet aggregation was inhibited by the addition of auritoxin. The activity of malic dehydrogenase in vitro was inhibited by the toxin.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.18-24
• /
• 1993

In this inverstigation, the various flavonoid aglycones were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against croton-oil or arachidonic acid induced mouse ear edema by oral or topical administration. The compounds tested were thirteen derivatives of flavan-3-ol(catechin and epicatechin), flavanone (flavanone and naringenin), flavone (flavone, chrysin and apigenin), flavonol(favonol, galangin, quercetin and morin) and isoflavone (biochanin A and 2-carbethoxy-5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone), along with hydrocortisone, indomethacin, 4-bormophenacyl bromide, nordihydroguaiaretic acid and phenidone as positive controls. A(isoflavone) were found to show broad inhibitoty activities (14-52%) against croton-oil or arachidonic acid induced ear edema by oral or topical application at the dose of 2 mg/mouse, although they showed less activity than hydrocortisone (26-88%) or indomethacin (36-80%). Flavonoid agtlycones tested showed higher activity when aplied topically than by the oral administration. It was also found that they inhibited arachidonic acid induced edema more profoundly than croton-oil induced edema by topical application. In arachidonic acid induced edema when applied topically, flavone derivatives such as flavone, chrysin and apigenin were revealed to be the good inhibitory agents in addition to flavonols and isoflavones. When quercetin and biochanin. A were selected for evaluating in carrageenan induced rat pleurisy and biochanin both flavonoids showed antiinflammatory activity at the dose of 70 mg/kg by the oral adminis-tration. All of these results revealed that flavonoid aglycones, especially 5,7-dihydroxy-flavonols having hydroxyl group(s) in B-ring and biochanin A (isoflavone) possessed in vivo antiinflammatory activity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.389-395
• /
• 1992

Nutritional status of trace minerals (Se, Cu and Zn) in goats grazed on the native pasture was investigated during 2 years in Luzon Island, Republic of the Philippines. Three regions (South, Central and North) were objected to collect the samples of blood of goats and forages on the pasture. Se content of major species forages in the pasture was $24.7{\mu}g/kg$ DM, and was clearly lower than the value ($200{\mu}g/kg$ DM) required commonly for ruminant feed. The Cu and Zn contents of all forage samples ranged from 7.6 to 24.3 and 11.4 to 50.6 mg/kg DM, respectively, and these values almost exceeded the dietary level required for sheep. The blood Se levels in about 55% of goats grazed alone were under the normal range ($20{\mu}g/l$), but it in goats fed some concentrates as a supplement were almost within a normal ranges ($20-200{\mu}g/l$), though the Cu content of forages almost exceeded the dietary level required commonly. The 4-13% of plasma samples of goats without supplement showed the Zn level below the lower limit (0.6 mg/l) of normal range. The Zn deficiency was mostly improved by the addition of a small amount of concentrates. From these results, it will be necessary to study about unstable Cu status of grazed goats in Luzon Island regarding an interaction of Cu and other elements known to relate to the malabsorption of dietary Cu.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.207-212
• /
• 1989

Cultural conditions for $\alpha$-D-Glucosidase Inhibitor production from Streptomyces sp. YS-221-B isolated from soil arid identified as Streptomyces flauovirens or a subspecies of it were investigated. When the strain was cultured in a flask containing 2% glucose, 0.3% asparagine, 0.0002% riboflavin, 0.05% $K_2$HPO$_4$, 0.1% MgSO$_4$.7$H_2O$, 0.05% NaCl, pH 8.0 at 3$0^{\circ}C$, maximum production of the inhibitor was obtained after 8-9 days of cultivation. Sugar alcohols such as mannitol, i-inositol, erythritol as carbon sources, asparagine and beef extract as nitrogen sources were favorable for inhibitor production. Among vitamins, riboflavin, p-aminobenzoic acid, pyridoxamine and folic acid promoted the production of inhibitor, but depressed by the addition of hesperidine, and also depressed by cobalt, lithium and ferrous salts.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.437-443
• /
• 2005

Quality characteristic of Kipfel cookies with 0, 20, 40 and $60\%$ of freeze dried chitosan-chungkukjang(CC), which was fermented for 24 hours at $40^{\circ}C$ with steamed soybean added with $0.25\%$ of chitosan(MW 2,025 kDa) powder and inoculated $2\%$ of Bacillus lichenifomis, were investigated Bulk density was higher in the CC cookie, but there were no difference among the CC cookies. While hardness was decreased, brittleness and springiness were increased in the higher ratio of CC, but no significant difference was observed in cohesiveness and gumminess. According to increasing the CC ratio, L$\ast$ values and hue angle were decreased from 62.69 and 96.71 to 44.41 and 69.30, respectively. While a$\ast$ values were increased from -1.94 to 4.95, and no changes were observed in b$\ast$ values. Glucosamine content was $27.34 mg\%$ in the control cookie, $40{\~}93.75 mg\%$ in the CC cookies. Antioxidant activity of the CC cookies were higher than the control. The activity of the control cookie was decreased during storage, while it was maintained in CC cookies. There were no differences in the sour, sweet and savory taste. Off-flavor did not detected in the $0{\~}40\%$ CC cookies, but the chungkukjang odor was slightly detected in the $60\%$ CC cookie. The $20{\~}40\%$ CC cookies did not affect on native odor of Kipfel cookie. Color acceptability also did not affect by addition of CC $20{\~}40\%$ but it was lower in $60\%$ CC cookie. Overall acceptability was the best in the $20\%$ CC cookie.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.35-58
• /
• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Curcuma longa rhizoma extract in an experimental rat model of osteoarthritis. Methods: Osteoarthritis was induced in rats by injecting monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the knee joint cavity of rats. The rats were divided into 5 groups (Normal, Control, positive comparison, low (CL) and high (CH) concentration groups). Rats in the low concentration (CL) group had MIA-induced osteoarthritis; they were treated with Curcuma longa rhizoma extract at a dose of 50mg/kg body weight. Rats in the high concentration (CH) group had MIA-induced osteoarthritis; they were treated with Curcuma longa rhizoma extract at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight. Hind paw weight distribution and ROS levels were measured. At the end of all treatments, changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels were analyzed. In addition, inflammatory protein levels were evaluated by western blot analysis. Results: In this study, hind paw weight distribution significantly improved in the CL and CH groups, while. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production significantly decreased in both. The levels of ALT, AST, BUN, and creatinine did not significantly change in either group. The production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4), $p47^{phox}$, and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) decreased in both. Catalase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly increased in the CL and CH groups, respectively. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2) increased, but there were no significant differences between the experimental and control groups. Inflammatory cytokines, including nuclear factor-kappa Bp65 (NF-${\kappa}Bp65$), interleukin-1beta (IL-$1{\beta}$), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), decreased significantly in both the CL and CH groups. Conclusions: Our results showed that Curcuma longa rhizoma extract has anti-inflammatory effects. Anti-inflammatory activity is regulated by the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and mediators, such as NF-${\kappa}B$, therefore, it suppresses cartilage damage as well.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 2017

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Orostachydis Herba (OH) and Fermented OH (OHF) against the acute liver injury by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods : OHF by 4 lactic bacteria such as (Lactobacillus hilgardii (OHF1), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (OHF2), Pediococcus acidilactici (OHF3), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (OHF4)) were prepared. Samples were selected to OHF0, OHF2, OHF3 based on UPLC analysis, DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities. To evaluate the protective effect of OHF on liver injury mice, ICR mice were divided into 5 groups: Normal mice (Nor), LPS (20 mg/kg) treated mice (Veh), administrated OHF0, OHF2 OHF3 200 mg/kg body weight during 8 days before LPS injection. Serum and liver were collected 24 hours after LPS injection. Results : The activity was high in order of OHF0 and OHF3 in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. The quercetin contents for bioactive ingredient of OH was 5.39, kaempferol contents was 9.94 by UPLC analysis. The LPS-treated vehicle group significantly increased liver weight, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in serum. In contrast, administrated OHF3 group decreased liver weight, AST, ALT. In addition, OHF3 groups reduced the elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in serum and tissues. Moreover, AP-1, iNOS and COX-2 were significantly decreased in OHF2 and OHF3. But $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ only showed a significant reduction in OHF3. Conclusions : Therefore, these results suggest that fermented Orostachydis Herba might be protective effect on liver injury through anti-oxidant effect.