• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.250-255
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• 2004

수원과 태안 지역에서 영농기간 중 강우의 화학적 특성을 알아보기 위하여 2002년 및 2003년 2년간 각각 69점 및 71점의 빗물을 채수하여 화학적 성분조성과 강우량을 고려한 가중평균(volume-weighted mean) 이온농도 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사 기간 중 pH별 강우 분포는 수원은 pH 5.0-5.6 범위가 가장 많았으며, 태안은 pH 4.5∼5.0 범위가 많았다. 연차별로는 수원지역은 2002년도에 비해 2003년도에 pH 5.6 이상의 강우 분포가 크게 줄어든 반면, pH 4.0∼5.0 범위의 강우가 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 태안지역은 pH 5.0 이상의 강우가 증가하고 pH 4.0∼5.0 범위의 강우 분포가 줄어드는 경향을 나타내었다. 강우의 산성도 중화는 강우량이 많은 시기가 다른 기간에 비해 낮게 나타났다 빗물의 EC 농도는 강우량이 많았던 7월 이후 낮은 농도를 보이다 강우량이 적었던 10월 이후 다시 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 평균 농도는 지역별로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 빗물중 양이온은 수원지역이 N $H_4$$^{+}$ > $H^{+}$ > $Ca^{2+}$ > $Mg^{2+}$ > $K^{+}$의 순이었으며, 태안지역은 $Ca^{2+}$ > N $H_4$$^{+}$ > $H^{+}$ > $K^{+}$ $Mg^{2+}$의 순으로 나타났다. 음이온은 수원지역이 S $O_4$$^{2-}$ > N $O_3$$^{-}$ > C $l^{-}$, 태안지역은 S $O_4$$^{2-}$ > C $l^{-}$ > N $O_3$$^{-}$ 순이었다. 빗물 중에 용존하는 sulfate의 평균 함량은 수원과 태안지역이 각각 130과 117 $\mu$eq $L^{-1}$이었으며, 총 sulfate 함량 중 nss-S $I_4$$^{2-}$ 함량은 수원과 태안 지역이 각각 89% 및 88%로 나타나 대부분이 인위적인 발생원에서 기인된 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.104-112
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify types of quality of life (QoL) based on the 5 dimensions of EQ-5D and predict factors affecting types of QoL. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis using data from the Korean Health Panel Survey-II(2012). Participants were 2,071 middle-aged men who had completed the additional survey in 2012 and the data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and Mplus 5.21 for latent analysis. Results: Three latent classes of QoL were identified: serious (2.4% of the sample), threatened (15.5%), and stable types (82.0%). The types and characteristics of QoL among the latent classes differed. On comparing latent type 1 with latent type 2, the socioeconomic status (p<.05), employment status (p<.05), and subjective health status (p<.001) were found to be significant. On comparing latent type 1 with latent type 3, the socioeconomic status (p<.05), current smoking status (p<.001), and subjective health status (p<.001) were found to be significant. On comparing latent type 2 with latent type 3, the socioeconomic status (p<.05), subjective health status (p<.001), stress (p<.001) were found to be significant. Conclusion: The results showed significant heterogeneity in types of QoL and the predictors of QoL by types were different. These findings provide basic information for developing nursing interventions to improve QoL. Specific characteristics depending on the subtypes should be considered during the development of interventions.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.7.1-7.8
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• 2020

Background: To minimize the use of antibiotics and to obtain a more sustainable fish culture and aquaculture industry, development of alternative natural source of immunostimulant to replace antibiotic in aquafeed is highly needed. Objective: Dietary inclusion effect of yacon (YC), ginger (GG), and blueberry (BB) on growth, body composition, and disease resistance of black rockfish against Vibrio anguillarum was compared to ethoxyquin (EQ). Methods: Four hundred eighty juvenile (an initial weight of 4.2 g) fish were randomly distributed into 12 of 50 L flowthrough tanks (forty fish per tank). Four experimental diets were prepared; the control (Con) diet with 0.01% EQ inclusion, and YC, GG, and BB diets at 1% each additive inclusion. Each additive was included into the experimental diets at the expense of wheat flour. Each diet was assigned to triplicate tanks of fish and hand-fed to satiation twice daily for 8 weeks. At the end of 8-week feeding trial, 20 fish from each tank fish were artificially infected by intraperitoneal injection with 0.1 mL of culture suspension of pathogenic V. anguillarum containing 3.3 × 10⁶ cfu/mL respectively. Fish were monitored for the following 8 days after V. anguillarum infection and dead fish were removed every 6 h for the first 4 days and 12 h for the rest of the study. Results: Weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of fish fed the YC diet was higher than those of fish fed all other diets. However, feed consumption, protein efficiency ratio, and protein retention was not affected by dietary additive. Moisture, crude protein, and crude lipid content of the whole body of fish were affected by dietary additive. Analysis of the Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that survival of fish fed the YC, BB, and GG diets was higher than the Con diet. Conclusion: Oral administration of YC can improve not only weight gain, SGR, and FER of black rockfish, but lower mortality of rockfish at occurrence of V. anguillarum.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권11호
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• pp.1749-1756
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• 2014

본 연구는 고구마 잎의 유용성분 추출을 최적화하기 위하여 추출온도, 시료에 대한 용매 비 및 에탄올 농도에 대한 영향을 살펴보았다. 추출조건별 lutein, total chlorophyll, polyphenol 및 항산화활성에 대한 반응표면 회귀식의 결정계수 $R^2$ 값은 0.9354~0.9971 범위로 모두 0.1%의 유의수준에서 유의성이 인정되었다. 추출물의 lutein과 총 폴리페놀함량은 온도, 시료에 대한 용매 비 및 에탄올 농도의 영향을 많이 받으며, 총 클로로필 함량은 온도의 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 항산화활성 또한 온도의 영향보다 시료에 대한 용매 비와 에탄올 농도의 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 나타났다. 최적 추출조건과 함량은 lutein이 $46.75^{\circ}C$, 25.78 mL/g 및 81.23%에서 $381.88{\mu}g/g$, 총 폴리페놀은 $53.90^{\circ}C$, 29.10 mL/g 및 67%에서 58.44 mg/g, 총 클로로필은 $69.90^{\circ}C$, 25.98 mL/g 및 93.10%에서 769.1 mg/100 g이었다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능의 경우 $IC_{50}$ 값이 $54.63^{\circ}C$, 19.57 mL/g 및 64.56%에서 0.582 mg/mL로 나타났고, ABTS 라디칼 소거활성은 $44.51^{\circ}C$, 26.01 mL/g 및 64.42 %에서 32.54 mg AA eq/g이었다. 예측된 최적조건에서의 실험값은 예측 값과 유사한 값을 나타내었으며, 이러한 결과는 고구마 잎을 이용한 기능성식품 개발에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2011

The equilibrium and kinetic adsorption of arsenic on six different adsorbents were investigated with one synthetic and four natural types (two surface and two ground) of water. The adsorbents tested included magnetic ion exchange resins (MIEX), hydrous ion oxide particles (HIOPs), granular ferric hydroxide (GFH), activated alumina (AA), sulfur modified iron (SMI), and iron oxide-coated microsand (IOC-M), which have different physicochemical properties (shape, charge, surface area, size, and metal content). The results showed that adsorption equilibriums were achieved within a contact period of 20 min. The optimal doses of adsorbents determined for a given equilibrium concentration of $C_{eq}=10\;{\mu}g/L$ were 500 mg/L for AA and GFH, 520-1,300 mg/L for MIEX, 1,200 mg/L for HIOPs, 2,500 mg/L for SMI, and 7,500 mg/L for IOC-M at a contact time of 60 min. At these optimal doses, the rate constants of the adsorbents were 3.9, 2.6, 2.5, 1.9, 1.8, and 1.6 1/hr for HIOPs, AA, GFH, MIEX, SMI, and IOC-M, respectively. The presence of silicate significantly reduced the arsenic removal efficiency of HIOPs, AA, and GFH, presumably due to the decrease in chemical binding affinity of arsenic in the presence of silicate. Additional experiments with natural types of water showed that, with the exception of IOC-M, the adsorbents had lower adsorption capacities in ground water than with surface and deionized water, in which the adsorption capacities decreased by approximately 60-95%.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.229-239
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• 2023

Objective: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may experience reduced physical activity and quality of life (QoL) due to decreased pulmonary function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of pulmonary function, physical activity, and QoL of COPD patients. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Methods: This study examined the published data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2015-2019. Among 39,759 subjects who participated for 5 years, data from 151 patients diagnosed with COPD were analyzed separately. For the pulmonary function, the results of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV6, forced expiratory flow 25-75%, and peak expiratory flow were observed. Physical activity was identified as frequency and duration. For the QoL, EQ-5D-3L evaluation results were examined, and the frequency and index of the Korean version were investigated. Results: In pulmonary function, all variables were found to be lower than age and weighted matched normal values. COPD patients showed to perform very low levels of high/medium physical activity and sitting time was confirmed to be more than 8 hours a day. In QoL, it was found that the highest reporting rate of some problems was the "pain and discomfort" and "mobility". Conclusions: It was found that COPD patients showed that the prevalence of circulatory disease was relatively high, lowered pulmonary function, and QoL. These can be improved through regular physical activity, and it is thought that this can be achieved through optimization of pulmonary rehabilitation.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activities on hydropoic-cultured ginseng roots (HGR) and leaves (HGL). The samples were lyophilized, extracted with 80% ethanol, and then evaluated the antioxidant activities compare with conventional-cultured ginseng. Total polyphenol content of ginseng, HGR, and HGL were 128.85±0.41, 115.74±1.28, and 282.15±5.15 mg/g, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity(IC₅₀) was the highest value of 6.47±0.13 mg/mL in the HGL. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was the highest value of 29.37±0.37 mg AA eq/g in HGL, and ginseng and HGR were 10.23±0.49 and 8.18±0.37 mg AA eq/g, respectively. The reducing power of ginseng, HGR, and HGL were 0.56±0.01, 0.53±0.01, and 0.68±0.01, respectively. Chelating effect was the highest value of 92.65±3.42% in HGL. The results of this study suggest that antioxidant activities in hydropoic-cultured ginseng leaves could have significant health benefits.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.683-688
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• 2016

The effects of dietary supplementing natural additives [yacon (YC), ginger (GG), and blueberry (BB)] on growth, feed utilization, and body composition of juvenile rockfish were compared to those of ethoxyquin (EQ), which is commonly used to prevent rancidity of fish feed. A total of 480 fish were distributed randomly into 12 50-L flow-through tanks (40 fish/tank). Four experimental diets were prepared: the control diet (Con) with 0.01% EQ, and the YC, GG and BB diets containing 1% YC, GG, and BB instead of wheat flour. Each diet was assigned randomly to triplicate tanks of fish, which were hand fed to satiation twice daily for 8 weeks. Weight gain of fish fed the YC diet was higher than that of fish fed all other diets. Feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and protein retention (PR) in fish fed the YC diet were higher than those in fish fed the other diets. Whole-body chemical composition of the fish was affected by the additive sources. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with GG effectively improved weight gain and feed utilization (FE, PER, and PR) of juvenile rockfish.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1327-1334
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• 1988

본 연구에서는 회전굽힘응력하에서 비관통노치를 갖는 재료의 피로거동을 분 석하기 위하여 우선 시험편의 반지름에 해당한 심공노치를 갖는 시험편을 준비하고 이 시험편이 고, 중간, 저응력을 받는경우 작용응력의 대소에 의한 표면 및 내부크랙전파 특성과 함께 크랙면형상변화 관계를 검토하였다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2022

Objective : This study assessed the effect of a combination of Korean medicine on a chronic nipple eczema patient complaining of stress and immunodeficiency due to long-term steroid use. Methods : Herbal medicine, moxibustion and acupuncture were performed for a year. Treatment outcomes were evaluated with DLQI(Dermatology Life Quality Index), EQ-5D-5L(The 5 level of EuroQol 5 Dimensio scale), EQ-VAS(EuroQol-Visual Analog Scale), ADSI(Atopic Dermatitis Severity Index), pruritus NRS(Numeral Rating Scale), pictures and patient's statements. Results : After the treatment, symptoms have been alleviated, the quality of life has increased, and it has been maintained without further nipple eczema for three months. Conclusion : We suggest that Korean medicine is effective for chronic nipple eczema patient.