• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.255-258
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• 1999

시험물질 Xylooligosaccharide 의 급성경구독성을 조사하기 위하여 SD 계통의 랫트에 암수 각각 0, 5000 및 10000mg/kg의 용량으로 5마리씩 단회 경구투여하여 14일간의 사망률, 일반증상, 체중변화 및 부검소견을 관찰하였다. 시험 기간 중 암수의 모든 시험군에서 시험물질의 투여에 기인한 사망동물은 관찰되지 않았으며 일반증상의 경우 수컷의 5000mg/kg 이상 투여군과 암컷 10000mg/kg 투여군에서 과량의 시험물질 투여와 시험물질의 난소화성 특성으로 인한 연변과 설사가 투여 당일에 관찰되었다. 체중변화의 경우 암수의 모든 시험군에서 정상적인 체중증가가 관찰되었으며 부검소견 또는 암수의 모든 시험군에서 이상소견은 관찰되지 않았다. Xylooligosaccharide의 암수 랫트에 대한 급성경구독성 시험에서 사망동물, 독성증상, 체중변화 및 부검소견에서 이상이 관찰되지 않았으며, 본 시험물질의 LD50값은 암수 공히 10000mg/kg을 상회할 것으로 평가된다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aims to investigate the acute oral toxicity and safety of Samsoeum (Shensuyin) extracts and fermented Samsoeum extracts. Methods : For that objective, we used ICR mice. ICR mice were administerd orally with dosage of 1250mg/kg, 2500mg/kg and 5000mg/kg of Samsoeum extracts and fermented Samsoeum extracts. Results : We daily examined number of deaths, clinical signs, body weights and gross findings for 2 weeks. 1. The results of acute oral toxicity using ICR mice showed that LD50 of value over 5000 mg/kg. 2. Samsoeum extracts and fermented Samsoeum extracts not affect on bodyweight gross findings of ICR mice. 3. The results of Serum chemistry analysis and Complete Blood Count(CBC) through the autopsy were showed normal range values. Conclusions : Samsoeum extracts and fermented Samsoeum extracts did not show any toxic effects in ICR mice. And oral LD50 value was over 5000mg/kg in ICR mice and it is very safe for ICR mice.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2019

수증기증류 추출법에 의한 미국산 길초근(Valeriana officinalis)의 구성성분을 알아보기 위해 GC-MS 분석을 수행한 결과, 주요 성분이 patchouli alcohol (18.69%) 및 ${\beta}$-gurjunene (15.26%)인 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 길초근 정유의 살비활성 및 항균활성을 알아보기 위해 작은소피참진드기 및 긴털가루응애에 대하여 접촉독성법을 실시하였고, 식중독균 8 종에 대하여 agar disc diffusion법을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 긴털가루응애 성충에 대하여 $28.01{\mu}g/cm^2$의 $LD_{50}$값을 나타내었으며, 작은소피참진드기 유충 및 약충에 대하여 각각 178.26 및 $207.98{\mu}g/cm^2$의 $LD_{50}$ 값을 나타내었다. 또한 식중독균은 8종 균주에 대하여 항균활성을 나타내었으며, 특히 L.monocytogenes에 대하여 우수한 항균활성을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 수증기증류 추출법에 의한 길초근 정유가 살비제 및 항생제로서의 가치가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2024

등검은말벌은 우리나라 뿐 아니라 유럽지역에 침입한 꿀벌의 중요한 포식해충이다. 양봉가들이 살충제를 활용하여 밀도 억제를 시도하고 있으나 아직까지 실현가능하고 과학적 방법과 적용 가능성이 정형화되지 않았다. 본 연구는 양봉가들이 주로 사용하는 살충제를 가지고, 등검은 말벌의 유충과 성충의 살충율과 반응 패턴을 조사하였다. Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Carbosulfan은 처리 후 30분 내 70% 이상의 살충률을 보였으며, Bifenthrin, Cartap hydrochloride의 상대적으로 살충률이 낮았다. Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Carbosulfan의 반수치사약량(LD₅₀)은 각 0.29, 0.65, 2.21 ㎍/bee이었다. 5령 유충에 대한 24시간 간격으로 3회 연속 섭식 처리를 했을 때, 2일이후에 약효가 나타났고 72시간 후에는 모두 70% 이상 살충률을 보였다. 등검은말벌의 반수치사약량은 양봉꿀벌의 것보다 10-100배 더 높았다. 향후 이 살충제를 말벌 방제에 이용할 수 있을지 추가적 검토가 필요하다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.369-376
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• 1992

This paper dealt with plasmid DNA profile in 98 Salmonella(S) isolated from pigs and cattle sources in Taegu, Gyeongbook and Gyeongnam during the period from 1984 to 1987. Also we were studied for restriction enzyme analysis of the plasmid DNA, and mouse infection, Sereny test and normal setum resistance test in guinea pig for S typhimurium and S enteritidis harbored or cured 60 megadalton(Md) plasmid and 36 Md plasmid, respectively. Of the 13 Salmonella isolated from cattle, 7 Salmonella harbored one or more plasmids and molecular sizes of the large plasmids were 60 Md for S typhimurium and 36 Md for S enteritidis. Of the 85 Salmonella isolated from pigs, 47 Salmonella were confirmed as being one or more plasmids, and all the S typimurium stains harbored 60 Md plasmid. In enzyme digestion with 8 types of restriction endonuclease for 60 Md plasmid DNA of S typhimurium, cleavage patterns were varied to enzymes, and the DNA was segmented into 4 to 15 fragments. In restriction enzyme analysis of 36 Md plasmid DNA obtained from four strains of S. enteritidis, the DNA showed the same cleavage patterns obtained with Eco RI, Hind III and Bam H I, and was segmented into 3 to 5 fragments. In virulence for mice by measuring the 50% lethal dose ($LD_{50}$), the $LD_{50}$ values obtained for 60 Md virulence-associated plasmid harbored strains of S typhimurium and 36 Md virulence-associated plasmid of S enteritidis were up to $10^4$-fold lower than the values obtained for the plasmid-cured strains of the same serotype. Only the plasmid harbored strains were resistant to the bactericidal activity of 90% guinea pig serum, and only they gave positive responses in sereny test. We suggested that their plasmid DNA might be associated with virulence for mice.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2001

저분자 alginate인 HAG-10, HAG-50, HAG-100 및 alginate를 랫드에 35일간 섭취시켰을 때, 혈청중의 지질성분과 동맥경화지수의 측정으로 특성이 가장 좋은 저분자 alginate인 HAG-50의 안전성을 확보하기 위해 랫드에 경구급성독성실험을 실시하였다. 혈청중 total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides 및 phospholipid 함량과 동맥경화지수는$5\%$ 와 $10\%$HAG-50에서 모두 유의적으로 뚜렷히 감소하여 지질대사 개선효과를 나타내었다. HAG-50의 경구급성독성실험을 검토한 결과, 투여할 수 있는 최고 용량인 랫드 체중 kg당 5.0g의 용량에서도 암$\cdot$수 모두 일반상태의 이상 반응과 폐사 및 병리$\cdot$조직학적 이상을 나타내는 예는 전혀 관찰되지 않아서 $LD_{50}$치의 산출이 불가능하였으므로 HAG-50은 아주 안전한 제재임이 검증되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 평균분자량 50,000 정도의 저분자 alginate인 HAG-50이 가장 우수한 지질대사 개선효과의 기능적 특성을 발휘하였으며, 경구급성독성실험 에서도 독성이 전혀 없었고, alginate가 가지고 있는 고유의 생리적 기능을 유지 향상시키면서 이용에 제한이 되고 있는 점성을 줄이고 용해도를 높혀서 alginate의 이용성을 높일 수 있는 새로운 형태의 식품소재라고 사료된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.103-107
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• 1999

In order to evaluate acute toxicity of Coptidis rhizoma, 6 week- and 13 week-old male ICR mice received Coptidis rhizoma extract (600~4,800 mg/kg body weight) orally, and toxicological responses were observed for consecutive 7 days. In the mice received relatively high concentration of Coptidis rhizoma($\geq$1,200mg/kg), death occurred within 3 hrs after oral administration, and its ratio in 13 week-old mice was conspicuously higher than that in 6 week-old mice. $LD_{50}$ of Coptidis rhizoma were estimated to bi 2,575 mg/kg and 1,490 mg/kg body weight in 6 week and 13 week-old mice, respectively. Coptidis rhizoma-treated animals manifested a variety of abnormal clinical findings such as ptosis, crouching, lethargy, convulsion, bizarre behavior and truning sideway. These abnormalities also ranked highly in the 13 week-old mice compared to those in the 6 week-old mice. In addition to abnormal behaviors, Coptidis rhizoma($\geq$1,200 mg/Kg) significantly elevated the urinary contents of bilirubin, urobilirubin, protein and glucose, and values in 13 week-old mice was higher than those in 6 week-old animals. No toxicological response was observed at concentration less than 600 mg/kg. Our results clearly demonstrate that susceptibility of mice to Coptidis rhizoma may be related with age, indicating that younger age mice is more resistant to the Coptidis rhizoma than the older, and toxicological mechanism of Coptidis rhizoma may be closely associated with its pharmacological mechanism.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.133-136
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• 1995

HRccine(HFRS-virus vaccine) was administered subcutaneously or intragastrically to Spargue Dawley rats and subcutaneously to Japanese white rabbits to investigate the acute toxicity. $LD_50$ values were above 600 times the expected clinical dose in both animals. There were no differences in body weight changes, clinical signs and autopsy findings between all treated groups and control group in both animals. Therefore, it was concluded that HRccine is a very safe substance.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.323-325
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• 1997

Ag-Os, water treatment agent, was administered orally to ICR mice and Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate the acute oral toxicity. $LD_{50}$ values were above 5 g/kg, 2,000 fold higher than the expected concentration in water, in both species with oral administration. There were also no differences in body weight changes, clinical signs and atopsy findings between all treated groups and control group. Therefore, it was concluded that Ag-Os is a very safe compound.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.61-79
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• 2002

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate acute and subacute toxicity and sarcoma-180 anti-cancer effects of Herbal acupuncture with Anneniacae amarum semen (Haeng-in) in mice and rats. Method: Balble mice were injected intraperitoneany with Haeng-In extract for $LD_{50}$ and acute toxicity test. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with Haeng-In extract for subacute toxicity test. TheAnneniacae amarum semen Herbal-Acupuncture was injected on Chung-wan (CV12) of mice with Sarcoma-180 cancer cell line. Results: 1. $LD_{50}$ was uncountable as none of the subjects expired from the treatment groups during the test. 2. The clinical signs and the body weight of mice treated with 0.1cc and 0.2cc Haeng-In extract were not affected during the acute toxicity test. 3. In acute toxicity test of serum biochemical values of mice, total protein and albumin were decreased in treatment group Ⅰ. Glucose was increased, and total cholesterol was decreased in treatment groups. GPT was increased in treatment group Ⅰ. 4. In subacute toxicity test, toxic symptoms were not detected in the treatment groups. 5. In subacute toxicity test, the body weight was increased in treatment groups on 14th and 21st day. 6. In subacute toxicity test. liver weight was increased in treatment group Ⅱ, and spleen weight was increased in treatment group Ⅱ. Lung weight was increased in an the treatment groups.(p<0.05) 7. In subacute toxicity test, severe tissue injury was found in lung and liver, especially treatment group Ⅰshowed more significant lung damage compared to treatment group l. 8. In subacute toxicity test, WBC. MCH and MCHC were increased in an the treatment groups, RBC, HGB and HCT were decreased in treatment group H(p<0.05). 9. In subacute toxicity test of serum biochemical values of rats, triglyceride was decreased in all the treatment groups. ALP was decreased in treatment group Ⅰ. and creatinine was decreased in treatment group Ⅱ. BUN/CR was increased in treatment group Ⅱ(p<0.05). 10. Median survival time of Sarcoma-180 cancer cell treated with Haeng-In was increased in all the treatment groups by twenty percent, compared to the control group(p<0.05). 11. Natural killer cell activity about the Sarcoma-180 cell was decreased at the ratio of 100:1 but was increased at the ratio of 10:1. In treatment group Ⅱ, increase was found at the ratio of 100:1 and 50:1 (p<0.05). 12. Interleukin-2 productivity of the Sarcoma-180 cell was decreased in treatment group I, but was increased in treatment group Ⅱ(p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, we can conclude Herbal-acupuncture with Anneniacae amarum semen caused toxicity, and had effects in Sarcoma-180 cancer cell.