• 한국안광학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2003

5분 간격으로 착색시간을 증가시켜 R, G, Y, B칼라렌즈를 제작하였다. 색 좌표 분석은 분광측색계와 CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ color system를 사용하였다. 착색 시간에 따른 색좌표 이동 형태는 $b^*(Y-B)={\beta}a^*+{\alpha}$이며, 거의 선형적으로 변하였다. 적색의 경우 착색시간이 길수록 $G{\rightarrow}R$, $B{\rightarrow}Y$ 형태로 이동하고, Parameter ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ 값은 각각 -3.49, 0.90을 얻었다. 녹색의 경우 색좌표 이동은 $R{\rightarrow}G$, $B{\rightarrow}Y$ 형태이다. 10분의 착색 시간에서 가장 순수한 녹색 칼라를 얻었다. Parameter ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$값은 각각 -0.72, -0.55을 얻었다. 황색과 청색의 경우 모두 착색 시간이 길수록 순수한 색이 된다. 황색에서 Parameter ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$값은 각각 14.11, 1.58이고, 청색에서 Parameter ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$값은 각각 -11.62, 1.30을 얻었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2007

본 연구는 새로운 치과용 색체계 개발을 목적으로 현재 치과에서 사용되고 있는 Vita shade를 사용하는 9 제조사의 12종의 광중합형 복합레진과 1종의 치과용 도재의 색상을 diffuse/$8^{\circ}$ 수광 방식을 사용하는 분광색체계 (MiniScan XE plus, Model 4000S, Hunter Lab, USA)를 이용해 D65 표준광과 10도 관찰자 시야 하에서 CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ 값을 측정하고 색상 범위를 분석하였다. 분석한 정보를 color sorting system을 응용한 CNU Cons Dental Color Chart의 색상 표현 방식인 T###에 치과용 수복 재료들의 범위를 적용하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 측정된 $L^*a^*b^*$ 값의 분포를 분석해 보면 $L^*$ 값은 80.40과 52.70 사이에, $a^*$ 값은 10.60과 -3.60 사이에, 그리고 $b^*$ 값은 28.40과 2.21 사이에 분포한다. $L^*$ 값의 평균값은 67.40, 중앙값은 67.30이며, $a^*$ 값은 2.89와 2.91, $b^*$ 값은 14.30과 13.90 이다. 이러한 분석을 토대로 CNU Cons Dental Color Chart의 T###의 첫 번째 숫자에 해당하는 $L^*$ 값의 각 숫자간의 차이는 2.0으로, 그리고 2번째 숫자인 $a^*$ 값의 각 숫자간의 차이는 1, 그리고 세 번째 숫자인 $b^*$ 값의 각 숫자간의 차이는 2로 정하였다. T555에 해당하는 $L^*$ 값의 범위는 66.0이상, 68.0미만으로, $a^*$ 값의 범위는 3이상 4미만으로, $b^*$ 값의 범위는 14이상 16미만으로 결정하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.559-563
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• 2010

천연색소를 이용한 컬러의 재현은 현대의 웰빙 생활과 밀접한 연관성을 갖게 된다. 이 연구는 일상생활에서 자주 쓰이는 녹색 계, 황색 계, 그리고 적색 계의 컬러를 자연 상의 녹차, 치자, 흑미를 색소원으로 하여 목표 색을 설정하였다. 목표색의 명도(L), 색 좌표(a, b)의 정량적 수치 값을 지정하고 추출용매의 물성을 조절함으로써 목표 색에 가장 접근하는 색을 추출하여 표현하였다. 색소추출 공정에서 용매의 pH, 추출온도, 추출시간이 변수로 설정되었다. 치자의 경우 추출시간이 길수록 진한색이 추출되었다. 추출색소는 색차계를 이용해 색의 L-a-b좌표를 측정하여 목표 색과 비교하였다. 실험조건을 최적화함으로써 목표 색과 가장 색차 값(${\Delta}E$)이 적은 녹색, 황색, 적색의 CIE 기준 값을 제시하고 이 좌표에 맞는 색을 표현하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.133-143
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• 2002

The textile industry is petting increased effort to manufacture the value-added products that gives the differentiated characters at every level of fiber and fabric production. The color is an important element to be used strategically in order to push up the value-added design. The colors of apparel products have a close relationship with the skin colors of consumers and their preference colors. This study was carried out to cluster the skin colors of the Korean women into several similar skin colors and to analyze their preference colors by the classified groups. We measured the skin colors of 354 Korean women. With color spectrometer, JX-777, we measured 4 points of the body; cheek with removing cosmetics off, forehead, rear neck and arm on the interior part near elbow. All subjects had been shown with 40 color chips and answered the preference colors and preference colors of apparel. Data were analysed to classify skin colors using K-means Cluster Analysis and Duncan test, Frequency and Chi square test on the preference colors about the clustered 3 groups. In doing so, we used in SPSS Win 10 statistical package. Findings were as fellows: 1) The skin colors of the Korean women were clustered into YR, R, and Y skin colors. The majority of the subjects, 324 observations had YR skin colors and the subjects were classified into 3 kinds of skin color groups who had YR skin colors. 2) The average skin colors of total 324 subjects was 5.23YR 6.49/4.09 in Munsell Color System(MCS), 66.56 in L value, 10.53 in a value, and 20.67 in b value. 3) The average skin color of Type 1 was 7.98YR 6.24/4.14 in MCS, 64.10 in L value, 15.05 in a value, and 24.0 in b value. For Type 2 was 7.30 YR 6.56/3.28 in MCS, 67.24 in L value, 6.89 in a value, and 18.4 in b value, and Type 3 was 7.01 YR 7.20/4.38 in MCS, 73.53 in L value, L 16.04 in a value, and 24.87 in b value. 4) The average face color of total 324 subjects was 7.31YR 6.65/3.56 in MCS, 68.13 in L value, 9.53 in a value, and 20.18 in b value. 5) The average face color of Type 1 was 4.19 YR 6.92/5.05 in MCS, 70.78 in L value, 13.2 in a value, and 25.32 in b value. For Type 2 was 5.24YR 6.33/3.79 in MCS, 64.94 in L value, 9.84 in a value, and 19.08 in b value. Type 3 was 5.4YR 6.85/4.68 in MCS, 70.1 in L value, 11.73 in a value, and 23.92 in b value. 6) The difference of mean values between the clustered 3 skin color groups showed significantly different except the a value of neck and H value of cheeks and H value of foreheads. 7) All 3 groups showed that the most preference colors and the most preference colors of apparel was 5R 4/14. and their preference colors were much more than the preference colors of apparel.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.376-381
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• 2002

한국 어린이의 정상적인 유치 색조와 복합레진의 색조간의 비교연구를 위해 전신적인 병력이 없고, 치아우식증이 없으며, 치아색에 이상이 없는 3-6세의 소아 148명을 대상으로 상악 좌 우 중절치의 치아의 색을 shade guide와 색차계(colorimeter CV300)를 이용하여 측정하였고, 또한 상용되는 복합레진을 중합시켜 만든 시편을 정량적으로 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 유전치의 색은 shade guide와 비교하여 측정하였을 때, A1, A2, B1, B2, P 색조에 90% 이상 분포하였다. 2. 색차계 Colorimeter CV300으로 계측시에 유전치의 색 평균은 $L^*=58.72,\;a^*=-1.18,\;b^*=-0.63$이었다. 3. 광중합하여 제작된 복합레진 시편의 평균치는 A1시편에서는 $L^*= 52.52,\;a^*=-1.90,\;b^*=1.18$, A2시편에서는 $L^*=54.90,\;a^*=-1.87,\;b^*=1.60$, B1시편에서는 $L^*=59.80,\;a^*=-2.70,\;b^*=-0.63$, B2시편에서는 $L^*=56.90,\;a^*=-1.70,\;b^*=1.63$, P시편에서는 $L^*=52.93,\;a^*=-2.33,\;b^*=1.10$ 등으로 나타나, B1 색조값이 유전치의 색평균과 가장 유사하였고 A1 색조와 P 색조가 유사하였다. 4. 색간의 $L^*,\;a^*$값에는 표준편차가 적었으나, 노랑계열의 $b^*$값은 표준편차가 크게 나타났다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to assess a Qi Blood Yin Yang evaluation method systematically and objectively and to identify the correlation between the Qi Blood Yin Yang deficiency pattern (QBYYDP) and facial color. Methods: Thirty-seven participants (17 males, 20 females) were enrolled in this study. Twenty-four (10 males, 14 females) had ages from 40 to over 60, and 13 (7 males and 6 females) were in their twenties. After sufficient rest, facial images were taken with a camera. Based on the results from a questionnaire survey, we divided the participants into five groups: the normal and the Qi-, Blood-, Yin-, and Yang-deficient groups, after which the relationships between the L, 'a', and 'b' values in the Lab color system and the characteristics of the participants in each of the deficient groups were elucidated using a facial color analysis program. Results: The color analysis for Qi-deficient (QD) participants revealed that the L value was fairly decreased in comparison with the normal participants, but the 'a' and 'b' values were almost the same. A comparison between the normal and the Yang-deficient (YaD) groups revealed that the L values were somewhat lower compared to the normal group, but the 'a' and 'b' values were not statistically different. For the Yin-deficient (YiD) group, the L value was slightly lower compared to the normal group, but the 'a' and 'b' values were almost the same and the R values were slightly increased. For the Blood-deficient (BD) group, the L values were slightly increased compared to the normal group, but the 'a' and 'b' values were decreased slightly. Conclusion: This study obtained objective, reliable data for judging the QBYYDP by using facial images and a color analysis program. However, further study with at least 10 or more subjects in each of the deficient groups is necessary to confirm our findings.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.179-190
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• 2011

A complete analysis of the color-viewing-angle properties of different displays is presented herein using color-viewing-angle measurements made with a Fourier-optics system. The color gamut in the CIE u'v' chromatic plane was computed for all the viewing angles. The introduction of the lightness using the $L^*a^*b^*$ color space allowed a more precise analysis of the emissive properties of each display. The displays can be directly compared using a common reference. The viewing-angle dependence can be analyzed in full detail using the on-axis values as reference. The gravity center behavior and area of the color hull were computed for a more precise evaluation and comparison.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2000

혼합색에 의한 착색 렌즈의 칼라는 감산혼합 법칙을 따르며 착색 렌즈 평가는 광흡수의 특성과 칼라분석에 의한다. Yellow(x)-Blue(1-x) 칼라 렌즈의 광흡수 특성은 500 nm 이하 단 파장에서 황색에 의해(x) 의존하고 550~650 nm 영역 흡수는 청색에 의존하며, 이 흡수 band는 전이금속의 ion화에 의한 peak이다. CIE system인 $L^*a^*b^*$에 의해 분석한 Yellow(x)-Blue(1-x) 칼라 렌즈의 color 특성은 x가 작아질수록 $+a^*$쪽으로 이동하였고 모두 +0.6이내 존재해 채도가 낮은 순수 칼라를 형성하였다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study is to develop the system and evaluate the optical analytical technique that reflects acupoint pigmentation and extravasated blood by cupping. Methods : We designed the system able to express XYZ coordinate on local skin color. To evaluate measurement-accuracy, we compared with 24 Color Checker Chart by standardized Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage. After confirming the performance of system, we experimented with cupping which was 80 kPa negative pressure for 1 minute on left/right BL13. The X, Y and Z values were converted to R, G and B, $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$, Erythema Index (E.I.), and Melanin Index (M.I). We compared and analyzed two cases on before/after cupping. Results : The R, G and B values which were converted by X, Y and Z values had high linearity as a high level of R-square (R: 0.969, G: 0.996, and B: 0.992). Moreover, we confirmed that it was possible to quantitatively analyzed the change in skin color by cupping using R, G, B, $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, E.I., and M.I. Conclusions : Therefore, we proposed the new analytical technique for objectifying the oriental medical diagnostic method using cupping and optical sensing technique.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1338-1349
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• 2003

The color of apparels has the close interdependency on the skin colors of the wearers. This study was carried out to group the skin colors of Korean males into several similar skin colors and to analyze their preference colors. The skin colors were measured quantitatively and classified into several clusters that has similar hue, value and chroma with Munsell color system that is internationally used to communicate the colors. Sample size was 420 Korean males. With color spectrometer, JX-777, 4 points of the body were measured. All subjects had been shown with 40 color chips and answered their preference colors. Data were analysed by K-means Cluster analysis, Duncan test, Frequency and Chi square test using SPSS WIN 10 statistical package. Findings were as follows: 1. The skin colors of Korean males were mixed with skin colors of YR, R, and Y. 2. 420 subjects who have YR color were clustered in 3 kinds of skin color groups. 3. The average face color of total subjects was 4.81YR 5.91/4.97 in Munsell color system, 60.74 in L value, 13.71 in a value, 24.54 in b value. 136 observations out of 420 subjects were composed of Type 1: 4.50YR 6.35/4.87 and 192 observations were composed of Type 2: 4.62YR 5.86/5.12 and 92 observations were composed of Type 3: 5.67YR 5.37/4.79. 4. The average skin color of total 420 subjects was 6.26YR 6.07/4.41 and 62.33 in L value, 10.64 in a value, 23.48 in b value. The average skin color of Type 1 was 6.27YR 6.44/4.27 and of Type 2 was 6.15YR 5.91/4.49 and of Type 3 was 6.49YR 5.84/4.43 respectively. 5. 3 groups showed that the most preference color of sport$.$casual was 2.5Y 8/16 and 7.5PB 4/16 and the most preference color to their skins was 7.5PB 4/16 and 7.5YR 7/16.