• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.117-122
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• 2016

White organic light-emitting diodes with a structure of indium-tin-oxide [ITO]/N,N-diphenyl-N,N-bis-[4-(phenylm-tolvlamino)-phenyl]-biphenyl-4,4-diamine [DNTPD]/[2,3-f:2, 2-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile [HATCN]/1,1-bis(di-4-poly-aminophenyl) cyclo -hexane [TAPC]/emission layers doped with three color dopants/4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline [Bphen]/$Cs_2CO_3$/Al were fabricated and evaluated. In the emission layer [EML], N,N-dicarbazolyl-3,5-benzene [mCP] was used as a single host and bis(2-phenyl quinolinato)-acetylacetonate iridium(III) [Ir(pq)2acac]/fac-tris(2-phenylpyridinato) iridium(III) $[Ir(ppy)_3]$/iridium(III) bis[(4,6-di-fluoropheny)-pyridinato-N,C2] picolinate [FIrpic] were used as red/green/blue dopants, respectively. The fabricated devices were divided into five types (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) according to the structure of the emission layer. The electroluminescence spectra showed three peak emissions at the wavelengths of blue (472~473 nm), green (495~500 nm), and red (589~595 nm). Among the fabricated devices, the device of D1 doped in a mixed fashion with a single emission layer showed the highest values of luminance and quantum efficiency at the given voltage. However, the emission color of D1 was not pure white but orange, with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage [CIE] coordinates of (x = 0.41~0.45, y = 0.41) depending on the applied voltages. On the other hand, device D5, with a double emission layer of $mCP:[Ir(pq)_2acac(3%)+Ir(ppy)_3(0.5%)]$/mCP:[FIrpic(10%)], showed a nearly pure white color with CIE coordinates of (x = 0.34~0.35, y = 0.35~0.37) under applied voltage in the range of 6~10 V. The luminance and quantum efficiency of D5 were $17,160cd/m^2$ and 3.8% at 10 V, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.320-320
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• 2011

차세대 디스플레이로 각광 받고 있는 유기발광소자는 빠른 응답속도, 넓은 시야각 및 얇은 두께로 제작이 가능한 장점들을 가지고 있으나, 고효율 유기발광소자를 제작하기 위하여 엑시톤 형성 효율을 증가시키고 형성된 엑시톤의 소멸을 감소시켜 발광 효율을 증진하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 유기발광소자의 발광 효율을 증진하기 위하여 소자의 구조에 대한 구조적 연구와 발광 물질에 대한 재료적 연구 등이 진행되고 있으며, 그 중에서 발광층에 사용하는 인광 물질은 삼중항 상태의 엑시톤을 광자로 천이할 수 있는 특성이 있어서 높은 발광 효율의 유기발광소자 제작이 가능하기 때문에 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 인광 물질을 사용한 유기발광소자의 엑시톤 수명이 형광 물질을 사용한 유기발광소자의 엑시톤 수명보다 길기 때문에, 인광 물질을 사용한 유기발광소자에서 형성된 삼중항 엑시톤끼리 서로 충돌하여 소멸될 확률이 높아지는 문제점이 있다. 또한, 인광물질을 사용한 유기발광소자 동작시에 높은 전류 영역에서 삼중항 엑시톤 형성 양이 많아서 삼중항 엑시톤 소멸 확률이 증가하는 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 고효율 유기발광소자를 제작하기 위하여 유기발광소자의 발광층으로 인광 호스트 물질에 iridium을 포함한 중금속 착화합물 계열의 녹색 인광 도펀트 물질인 tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium(III) ($Ir(ppy)_3$)를 도핑하였다. 제작된 유기발광소자는 전류 증가에 따른 삼중항 엑시톤 충돌로 인한 발광 효율 감소를 억제하기 위하여 인광 도펀트인 $Ir(ppy)_3$와 같은 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital 준위를 가지는 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline 전자 수송층을 사용하였다. 전기적 및 광학적 특성 분석 결과 제작된 유기발광소자에서 삼중항 엑시톤 소멸을 최소화하여 발광 효율이 증가한 것을 확인하였다. 본 실험의 결과는 $Ir(ppy)_3$을 도핑한 녹색 인광 유기발광소자의 삼중항 엑시톤 충돌을 억제하여 유기발광소자의 발광 효율을 증진하는 메커니즘을 이해하는데 중요하다.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2002

Recently, the phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) have been extensively studied for their high internal quantum efficiency. In this study, we synthesised several phosphorescent metal complexes, and certified their composition using NMR. We also investigated the characteristics of the phosphorescent OLEDs with the green emitting phosphor, $Ir(ppy)_{3}$. The devices with a structure of indium-tin-oxide(ITO)/N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(3-methylphenyI}-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD)/metal complex doped in host materials/2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-l,10-phenanthroline(BCP)/tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) Aluminum($Alq_{3}$)/Li:Al/Al was fabricated, and its electrical and optical characteristics were studied. By changing the doping concentration of tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium ($Ir(ppy)_{3}$), we fabricated several devices and investigated their characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.196-201
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• 2016

We studied white tandem organic light-emitting diodes using blue and red phosphorescent materials. Optimized white single phosphorescent OLED was fabricated using CBP : FIrpic (12 vol.%, 9 nm) / CBP : $Ir(mphmq)_2acac$ : $Ir(ppy)_3$ (1 vol.%, 1 vol.%, 1 nm) as emitting layer (EML). The single phosphorescent OLED showed maximum current efficiency of 22.5 cd/A, white emission with a Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.342, 0.37) at $1,000cd/m^2$, and variation of CIE coordinates with ($0.339{\pm}0.008$, $0.371{\pm}0.001$) from 500 to $3,000cd/m^2$. Optimized white tandem phosphorescent OLED was fabricated using CBP : FIrpic (12 vol.%, 7 nm) / CBP : $Ir(mphmq)_2acac$ : $Ir(ppy)_3$ (1 vol.%, 1 vol.%, 3 nm) as EML. The tandem phosphorescent OLED showed maximum current efficiency of 49.2 cd/A, white emission with a CIE coordinates of (0.376, 0.366) at $1,000cd/m^2$, variation of CIE coordinates with ($0.375{\pm}0.004$, $0.367{\pm}0.002$) from 500 to $3,000cd/m^2$. Maximum current efficiency of tandem phosphorescent OLED was more twice as high as single phosphorescent OLED. Our results suggest that tandem phosphorescent OLED was possible to control CIE coordinates and produce excellent color stability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.225-225
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• 2016

PHOLED devices which have the structure of ITO/HAT-CN(5nm)/NPB(50nm)/EML(47nm)/TPBi(10nm)/Alq3(20nm)/LiF(0.8nm)/Al(100nm) are fabricated to investigate the diffusion length of the triplet exciton by using double-quantum-well(DQE) EML structure. To fabricate DQW structures, Ir(ppy)3(2% wt) and Ir(btp)2(8% wt) are used as green and red emission zones, respectively. In DQW structured EML, as shown in Fig. 1, 1nm thick layers of green and red emission zones are located middle of the EML, and the distance between these wells(x) is changed from 0nm to 10nm. As shown in Fig. 2, the emission spectra from DQW PHOLED devices are changed with different x. The intensity of the green emission(520nm) is decreased when x is decreased, and it goes to near zero when x=0nm. This behavior can be identified as the diffusion of the triplet excitons from Ir(ppy)3 to Ir(btp)2 by the Dexter energy transfer(DET). From the external quantum efficiency(EQE) of the red emission, as shown in Fig. 3, the diffusion length of the triplet excitons can be determined by the equation of DET rate, R=A Exp(-2RDA/L), where RDA is donor-acceptor distance and L is the sum of the van der Wals radii. As a result, the measured data of the red EQEs with different x are identified to theoretical result from the equation of DET rate(Fig. 4). From this results, we could confirm that the diffusion length of the triplet excitons can be determined by using DQW structure and this method is very useful to investigate the behavior of the excitons in PHOLEDs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2009.08a
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• pp.385-385
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• 2009

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.258.2-258.2
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• 2009

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.577-582
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• 2006

Unlike the case of $Ir(ppy)_3$, various aggregates of PtOEP including dimer are formed in PtOEP-doped films and neat film. Such a difference is due to difference of competition among solid state solvation effect, dipole-dipole interactions between dopant molecules, and intermolecular covalent bonding.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.283-283
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.37.1-37.1
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• 2008