• 한국작물학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.229-234
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• 1989

황색종잎담배의 추엽 품질등급별 수량 비율과 기상요인과의 관계를 분석한 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다.1. 평균기온의 경우 1,2 등엽 수량비율은 4월 하순 및 7월상순의 특성치와 5%, 5월하순의 특성치와는 1% 수준의 부상관을 나타냈다. 2. 최고기온의 경우 1,2등엽 수량비율은 5월 하순에서부터 7월상순까지의 순별 특성치와 부상관을 나타냈다. 3. 최저기온의 경우는 1,2등엽 수량비율은 4,5하순의 특성치와 1% 수준의 부상관, 5월상순, 6월상순, 7월중순의 특성치와는 1% 수준의 정상관을 나타냈다. 4. 평균기온의 영향도순위는 4,5 등엽 수량비율의 경우 정방향은 7월하순 > 5월상순이고 부방향은 5월하순과 7월상순이였다. 5. 최저기온의 부방향 영향도순위는 4, 5 등엽 수량비율의 경우 5월상순 > 6월상순 > 6월하순이였다. 6. 일조시수는 1, 2등엽 수량비율의 경우 4월중순과 7월중순을 제외한 전생육시기의 순별 특성치와 유의상관을 나타냈다. 7. 일조시수의 정방향 영향도순위는 5월하순 > 4월하순 > 7월하순 > 7월중순이였고 부방향 영향도순위는 6월하순 > 5월상순 > 6월중순 > 5월중순이였다. 8. 강수량은 1, 2등엽 수량비율의 경우 정방향 영향도순위는 6월하순 > 7월중순 > 7월하순이고 부방향 영향도 순위는 4, 5월하순이였다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2007

목 적: 근치적 자궁절제술 후 보조적 방사선 치료를 시행 받은 자궁내막암 환자의 치료 성적 및 예후 인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1991년 9월부터 2003년 8월까지 서울아산병원에서 자궁내막암으로 자궁 절제술을 시행한 후 보조적 방사선치료를 받은 76명을 대상으로 하였다. FIGO 병기는 I, II, III기가 각각 41명(53.9%), 12명(15.8%), 23명(30.3%)이었다. 조직분화도는 1이 29명(38.2%), 2가 20명(26.3%), 3이 27명(35.5%)이었다. 방사선치료는 외부방사선 조사와 강내 조사를 함께 시행한 환자가 42명, 외부 방사선 조사만 시행한 환자가 33명, 강내 조사만 시행한 환자는 1명이었다. 외부 방사선 치료의 조사 선량은 50.4 Gy였으며, 강내 조사는 1회 분할 선량을 $4{\sim}5\;Gy$씩 $4{\sim}6$회 실시하였다. 생존환자의 추적기간은 5개월에서 121개월로서 중앙값은 51개월이었다. 결 과: 5년 전체 생존율은 89.6%이었으며, FIGO I기는 96.8%, II기는 91.7%, III기는 75.7%였다. 5년 무병 생존율은 83.7%이었고, FIGO 병기에 따라 I기는 94.8%, II기는 91.6%, III기는 59.8%이었다. 단변량 분석에서 전체 생존율에 유의한 영향을 미치는 인자에는 FIGO 병기, 림프절 양성 유무, 조직분화도였고, 무병 생존율에서는 관계되는 인자는 FIGO 병기, 림프절 양성 유무, 림프혈관침범 유무였다. 총 11명에서 재발하였고, 국소재발 1명, 원격전이가 10명이었다. 방사선 치료 후에 중등도 이상의 합병증을 보이는 경우는 없었다. 결 론: 자궁내막암의 수술 후 방사선 치료의 성적은 좋은 결과를 보였다. 그러나 주로 원격전이로 재발하는 양상으로 보이므로 항암치료가 도움이 되리라 생각된다. 따라서 FIGO 병기가 높거나, 림프절 양성이거나, 림프혈관침범이 있거나, 조직 분화도가 높은 고위험 군에서 항암제를 포함한 방사선치료 방법에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2014

Background: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of percutaneous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with primary graft dysfunction after heart transplantation. Methods: Of 65 patients (44 males and 21 females) who underwent heart transplantation from January 2006 to December 2012, 13 patients (group I) needed peripheral ECMO support due to difficulty in weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and 52 patients (group II) were weaned from CPB without mechanical support. The mean age of the patients at the time of operation was $54.4{\pm}13.6$ years. There were no differences in the preoperative characteristics of the two groups. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for ECMO therapy. Results: All group I patients were successfully weaned from ECMO after $53{\pm}9$ hours of circulatory support. Early mortality occurred in four patients (1 [7.7%] in group I and 3 [5.8%] in group II, p>0.999). There were no differences in the postoperative complications between the two groups, with the exception of reoperation for bleeding. A greater number of group I patients underwent reoperation for bleeding (5 [38.5%] in group I vs. 6 [11.5%] in group II, p=0.035). In multivariable analysis, preoperative mechanical support (ECMO and intra-aortic balloon pump) and longer CPB time were the risk factors of ECMO therapy for graft dysfunction (odds ratio, 6.377; 95% confidence interval, 1.519 to 26.77; p=0.011 and odds ratio, 1.010; 95% confidence interval, 1.001 to 1.019; p=0.033). Conclusion: Percutaneous ECMO support could be a viable option for rescuing patients when graft dysfunction refractory to medical management develops after heart transplantation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.687-694
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• 2003

목 적 : 급성 허혈성 신손상 후 손상된 세뇨관 상피세포의 재생은 순환하거나 국소적으로 생성된 성장인자나 cytokine, 생리적 인자 및 주위 환경들의 조절에 의해 매개되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 급성 허혈성 신손상 후 신기능 회복에 따른 혈중 IGF-I의 변화와 전체 신장조직과 각 부위에 따른 IGF-I, -II, VEGF, $TGF-{\beta}1$, CTGF의 mRNA 발현의 변화를 알아보는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 방 법 : 체중이 250-300 g의 백서를 대상으로 급성 허혈성 신손상을 시켜 유발된 급성 신부전 모델을 이용하여 급성 신부전의 진행과정에 따라 혈청 IGF-I치와 여러 성장인자 발현의 변화를 측정하였다. 급성 신부전 진행은 혈청 크레아티닌을 측정하여 평가하였고 혈청 IGF-I 농도는 iodinated IGF-I과 polyclonal anti-IGF-I 항체를 이용한 방사면역 측정법을 이용하여 측정하였다. 신장에서 성장인자의 발현은 RT-PCR을 이용하였고 신장조직에서의 RNA 추출은 통상적인 방법에 준하였다. 신장에서의 IGF-I과 CTGF의 분포는 anti-IGF-I 항체와 anti-CTGF 항체를 이용한 면역조직화학법을 이용하였다. 결 과 : 1) 양측 신동맥을 결찰한 후 1일째부터 체중 감소와 혈청 크레아티닌치의 증가가 관찰되었는데 이러한 변화는 3일째에 가장 현저하였다. 혈청 IGF-I은 신손상 후 1일 째 현저하게 감소하였고 신손상 3일째에 더 증가되었다가 5일째부터는 신손상 전으로 회복되었다. 2) 신기능 회복에 따른 성장인자의 변화는 거의 유사하였다. IGF-I, IGF-II, $TGF-{\beta}1$ 및 VEGF의 mRNA 발현은 허혈성 신손상 후 1일째에 현저하게 감소하였고 신손상 3일째에는 신손상 전에 비해 증가하였으며 7일째에는 거의 신손상 전의 수준으로 회복되었다. 3) IGF-I과 IGF-II는 정상 신장에서는 주로 수질부 특히 바 깥쪽 수질부에서 발현되었고 허혈성 신손상 1일째에 현저하게 감소하였다가 3일째에는 정상 수준으로 회복되었다. $TGF-{\beta}1$은 정상에서 신수질부에서 주로 발현되었고 1일째는 현저하게 감소하였다가 회복되는 소견을 보였다. CTGF와 VEGF는 정상 신장의 수질부와 피질부 모두에서 발현되었으며 신손상 1일째에 현저하게 감소되었다가 3일째부터 정상 수준으로 회복되는 소견을 보였다. 4) 정상 백서의 신장에서 IGF-I은 주로 피질부위의 신세뇨관에 분포하였고 사구체에서는 발견되지 않았는데 급성 허혈성 신손상 후 1일째 신장의 피질부위에서는 IGF-I가 현저히 감소되었다. CTGF는 정상 백서의 신장에서는 주로 혈관에 분포하는 소견을 보였는데 신손상 3일째에는 세뇨관에서 현저한 증가가 관찰되었다. 결 론: 이번의 연구로 저자들은 IGF-I, IGF-II, $TGF-{\beta}1$, CTGF, VEGF 등과 같은 성장인자가 급성 허혈성 신손상 후 신기능과 세뇨관세포의 회복과정에 발현의 변화가 초래된다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 신기능 회복을 촉진시키기 위해 여러 성장인자를 급성신부전 치료제로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 생각되고 이에 대한 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.695-705
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the appearance of having relationship between the exposure to lead and cadmium and the dental caries targeting adults in the Republic of Korea. Methods : The study was designed as a cross-sectional study, using the data of the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects as 1,966 people, who were confirmed the appearance of dental caries among 1,991 people of having been offered the heavy-metal concentration in blood. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 19.0, according to complex sampling design. Results : As a result of multi-variate analysis on factors of dental caries, in Model I without correction, the gender, age, educational level, appearance of lifelong smoking, daily toothbrushing frequency, appearance of using dental floss, and subjective oral health status were recognized as important factors. In Model II with correction of gender and age, the educational level, daily toothbrushing frequency, and subjective oral health status were recognized as statistically significant factors. In Model III with correction of all factors, the gender, age, educational level, appearance of using dental floss, and subjective oral health status were functioning as statistically significant factors. As a result of statistically analyzing relationship between the exposure to lead and cadmium and the dental caries targeting adults, it was analyzed that there is no significant correlation. However, in case of lead, the tendency of being grown the cross ratio of dental caries could be examined in model I, which didn't correct disturbance factor, model II, which corrected gender and age, and model III, which corrected all variables of disturbance factor. Conclusions : The exposure to lead and cadmium was indicated to have no relationship with adults' dental caries. However, a continuous research of relationship was considered to be necessary by using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which is surveyed in the future.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2014

Taste is an important sense in survival and growth of animals. The growth and maintenance of taste buds, the receptor organs of taste sense, are under the regulation of various neurotrophic factors. But the distribution aspect of neurotrophic factors and their receptors in distinct taste cell types are not clearly known. The present research was designed to characterize mRNA expression pattern of neurotrophic factors and their receptors in distinct type of taste cells. In male 45-60 day-old Sprague-Dawley rats, epithelial tissues with and without circumvallate and folliate papillaes were dissected and homogenized, and mRNA expressions for neurotrophic factors and their receptors were determined by RT-PCR. The mRNA expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3), receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB), exclusion of nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-4/5 (NT4/5), receptor tyrosine kinase A (TrkA), receptor tyrosine kinase C (TrkC), and p75NGFR were observed in some population of taste cell. In support of this result and to characterize which types of taste cells express NT3, BDNF, or TrkB, we examined mRNA expressions of NT3, BDNF, or TrkB in the $PLC{\beta}2$ (a marker of Type II cell)-and/or SNAP25 (a marker of Type III cell)-positive taste cells by a single taste cell RT-PCR and found that the ratio of positively stained cell numbers were 17.4, 6.5, 84.1, 70.3, and 1.4 % for $PLC{\beta}2$, SNAP25, NT3, BDNF, and TrkB, respectively. In addition, all of $PLC{\beta}2$-and SNAP25-positive taste cells expressed NT3 mRNA, except for one taste bud cell. The ratios of NT3 mRNA expressions were 100% and 91.7% in the SNAP25-and $PLC{\beta}2$-positive taste cells, respectively. However, two TrkB-positive taste cells co-expressed neither $PLC{\beta}2$ nor SNAP 25. The results suggest that the most of type II or type III cells express BDNF and NT3 mRNA, but the expression is shown to be less in type I taste cells.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2013

This study divided the observation area in an indoor space for area setup to analyse the effect of the difference of design types on the characteristics of observation with the observed time of each area as objects. Though it is thought that the difference of design patterns may be influenced by the factors and material composing the space, no existing approaches have had any quantitatively measuring method. Eye-tracking could be efficiently utilized for observation analysis from the viewpoint of dating observation behavior. The followings are the results of analysing the observation characteristics depending on design pattern. First, 5 observing areas were set up according to concentration of observation time in order for the concentration by area to be examined and the factors of design having effect on the difference of observation patterns by design type could be analysed. Second, as a whole, the observation of modern types showed high observation characteristics. When the difference of observation characteristics by pattern was examined by difference at observation frequency, the observation frequency defined to be more than 50% was seen to be almost same from Area I to III and to get higher from Area IV, and that defined to be 30% was high at Areas III and IV. In Area V, it was very high at natural. Third, that of Area II is no more than 8.2% but had the most observation time. As for observation characteristics, the horizontal observation of the central part was the highest and had more observation frequency at modern type that at natural one. These observation characteristics by area enabled to analyse the observation tendency depending on design characters at relevant area. Fourth, the design factors composing natural type were found to bring more attention when the area showed higher concentration at natural type than at modern one. And the analysis of design factors could make it to be confirmed that the quality of material and background factors in addition to design factors in the area had more effect on sight concentration.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2441-2445
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• 2015

Background: Several risk factors leading to malignant transformation of hydatidiform moles have been described previously. Many studies showed that prophylactic chemotherapy for high risk hydatidiform moles could significantly decrease the incidence of malignancy. Thus, it is essential to discover a breakthrough to determine patients with high risk malignancy so that prophylactic chemotherapy can be started as soon as possible. Objectives: Development of a scoring system of risk factors as a predictor of hydatidiform mole malignant transformation. Materials and Methods: This research is a case control study with hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma patients as subjects. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Odds ratios (OR), attributable at risk (AR : OR-1) and risk index ($ARx{\beta}$) were calculated for develoipment of a scoring system of malignancy risk. The optimal cut-off point was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: This study analyzed 34 choriocarcinoma cases and 68 benign hydatidiform mole cases. Four factors significantly increased the risk of malignancy, namely age ${\geq}35$ years old (OR:4.41, 95%CI:1.07-16.09, risk index 5); gestational age ${\geq}$ 12weeks (OR:11.7, 95%CI:1.8-72.4, risk index 26); uterine size greater than the gestational age (OR:10.2, 95%CI:2.8-36.6, risk index 21); and histopathological grade II-III (OR:3.4, 95%CI:1.1-10.6, risk index 3). The lowest and the highest scores for the risk factors were zero and 55, respectively. The best cut-off point to decide high risk malignancy patients was ${\geq}31$. Conclusions: Malignant transformation of hydatidiform moles can be predicted using the risk scoring by analyzing the above four parameters. Score ${\geq}31$ implies high risk patients so that prophylactic chemotherapy can be promptly administered for prevention.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.8715-8718
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• 2014

Background: ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine (Vb) and dacarbazine) is the standard regimen in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL).Vincristine (O) is a mitotic spindle agent like Vb. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of O as a part of ABOD in HL. Materials and Methods: Patients who had ABOD were enrolled. Stage I-II HL were evaluated for unfavorable risk factors according to NCCN. National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria was used for toxicity. Results: Seventy-nine HL patients in our center between 2003 and 2007 were evaluated retrospectively. Median follow-up was 54 months. Most of the patients were male in their third decade. Median ABOD cycles were 6 (2-8). Primary refractory disease rate was 17.7% whereas it was 5.1% for early relapse and 5.1% for late relapse disease. Response rates were as 82.3% for complete response, 11.4% for partial response, 5.1% for stable disease and 1.3% for progressive disease. Half of relapsed patients had autologous stem cell transplantation. Estimated 5-year failure-free survival was 71% and significantly longer in early stage patients without risk factors, bulky disease or radiotherapy (RT) (p=0.05, p<0.0001, p=0.02; respectively). Estimated 5-year overall survival was 74% and significantly longer in those who had no RT (p=0.001). Dose modification rate was 5.1% and chemotherapy delay rate was 19%. There were no toxicity-related deaths. Conclusions: ABOD seems to be effective with managable toxicity in HL, even in those with poor prognostic factors.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1233-1242
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• 2007

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease with chronic inflammation characterized by hyperplasia of synovial cells in affected joints, which might be mediated by the altered activation of Immune system, ultimately leading to the destruction of cartilage and bone. To examine effects of GHS on rheumatoid arthritis DBA/1J mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen to induced arthritis and then treated with GHS once a day for 7 weeks. Oral administration of GHS (200 mg/Kg) significantly suppressed the progression of CIA, which extend is comparable to that of methotrexate (MTX, 0.3 mg/Kg), a positive control. The severity of arthritis within the knee joints, which was evaluated by histological assessment of cartilage destruction and pannus formation, was also lowered by GHS. The production of TNF-and IL-6 in serum was significantly suppressed. The levels of IFN-g in the culture supernatant of splenocytes stimulated with CD3/CD28 or collagen were dramatically decreased, while those of IL-4 was increased. The levels of IgG and IgM RA factor were also decreased in the serum. FACS analysis indicated that B cells (in DLN), CD3+ T cells (in spleen, and paw joint), CD11b+Gr-1+ cells (in paw joint), CD3+CD49b(DX5) (in PBMC) were decreased and there was increased proportion of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+CD25+ T cells in DLN. In conclusion, our results demonstrates that GHS significantly suppressed the progression of CIA and this action was characterized by the decreased production of TNF-a, IL-6, and rheumatoid factors, and modulations of immune cell populations.