• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.301-307
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• 1995

In the particulate fraction obtained from PKC-down regulated K562 cells by treatment for 24 h with 200nM TPA, phosphorylation of two proteins with molecular weight, 100 kDa and 23 kDa (designated p100 and p23, respectvely) was depleted and addition of exogenous purified PKC to this fraction failed to testore their phosphorylation. However, in the soluble fraction, all of phosphoproteins abolished by long-term treatment with TPA were restored by exogenously added PKC. Phosphorylation of two proteins was increased by short-term tretment (20 min), and diminished with the persistant exposure to TPA as well as at a concentration as low as 1nM. When K562 cells were treated with 1 nM and 200 nM TPA for 24 h, phosphorylation of p100 was restored with or without exogenous PKC on 2-3day and 6day after removal of treated TPA, respectively. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of phosphoproteins revealed that phosphorylated p100 (pl=5.9) and p66 species were completely absent from the particulate fraction of K562 cells treated with 200nM TPA for 24 h. These results suggest that the interaction of sensitive endogenous substrates, p100 and p23 with the plasma membrane might be regulated by PKC-down regulation without displacement to the cytosol and the interaction of p100 with the membrane might be reveersible.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.1093-1099
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• 1998

Dioscorea japonica Thunb its effects has been used in f31k remedies f9r various purposes including treatment of diabetes, on hypoglycemic actiity and energy metabolism were investigated. The plant was extracted with methanol(MeOH) and fractionated into four layers hexane, chloroform(CHCI$_3$), butanol(BuOH), and $H_2O$. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by the injection of streptozotocin(STZ) into tail vein at a dose of 45mg/kg body weight(BW). Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 160-200g were divided into five groups a diabetic control and four experimental groups such as hexane group, CHCl$_3$ group, BuOH group, and $H_2O$ group. The rats of all groups were fed on a AIN-76 diet and the four experimental groups were orally administered each fraction(500mg/kg BW) for 12 days. The diabetic control group was orally administered 5% carboxymethyl cellulose. The body weights were monitored and the concentrations of blood glucose were determined. The levels of glycogen and protein in liver were also measured. The plasma levels of cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and fee fatty acid(FFA) were also analysed. The body weight gain was higher in the $H_2O$ group than in the control group. Heart weight was significantly reduced by administrations of Dioscorea japonica Thunb. The extents of blood glucose decrement in BuOH and $H_2O$ group were greater than that found in the control group. The muscle protein levels showed significantly higher amounts in all experimental groups. Glycogen levels were higher in the BuOH group than in the control group. The levels of TG were decreased in all experimental groups and the levels of plasma FFA were lower in the BuOH group. The plasma cholesterol levels were not influenced by these four fractions in diabetic rats. These results suggest that the orally administered H2O fraction of Dioscorea japonica Thunb exhibited hypoglycemic effects in STZ induced diabetic rats. (Korean J Nutrition 31(7) : 1093-1099, 1998)

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.486-491
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• 2016

DBD 방식의 콜드 플라즈마 처리는 양파 분말에 접종된 E. coli O157:H7, S. Enteritidis, L. monocytogenes를 효과적으로 저해시켰다. 콜드 플라즈마 처리에 의한 식중독균 억제 효과는 콜드 플라즈마 전압 증가에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 콜드플라즈마 처리 시간에 따라 억제 효과가 유의적으로 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 양파 분말의 수분활성도가 높은 것과 입자 크기가 큰 것이 콜드 플라즈마를 이용하여 미생물을 억제 시키는데 유리하다는 것을 규명하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 처리 조건에서의 DBD-CPT는 처리 시간과 관계없이 양파 분말의 비타민C 함량, 쿼세틴 함량, 그리고 색도에 영향을 주지 않았다. 따라서 DBD-CPT는 양파 분말의 이화학적 특성에 영향을 미치지 않으면서 CP 처리 시간, 양파 분말의 수분활성도와 크기 조절을 통해 식중독균을 효과적으로 억제 시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있었고 이로써 DBD-CPT가 양파 분말 식중독균 저감화에 사용 될 수 있는 비가열 살균 기술임을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1999년도 제17회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.71-71
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• 1999

현재 소자 제작에 응용되는 수소화된 비정질 실리콘은 PECVD 방법으로 제작하는 것이 보편적인 방법이다. 그러나 비정질 실리콘 박막 트랜지스터는 band gap edge 근처에서 국재준위가 많아 mobility가 작으며 상온에서 조차 불안정하여 신뢰성이 높지 않고, 도핑된 비정질 실리콘의 높은 비저항 등의 단점으로 인하여 고속 회로에 응용이 불가능하다. 반면 다결정질 실리콘 박막 트랜지스터는 a-Si:H TFT 에 비해 재현성이 우수하고 high resolution, high resolution, high contrast LCD에 응용할 수 있다. 하지만, 다결정 실리콘의 grain boundary로 인해 단결정에 비해 많은 defect 들이 존재하여 전도성을 감소시킨다. 따라서 Mobility를 증가시키기 위해서 grain size를 증가시키고 grain boundary 내에 존재하는 trap center를 감소시켜야 한다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 PECVD 장비로 초기 기판을 plasma 처리하여 다결정 실리콘 박막을 제작하여, 기판 처리에 대한 다결정 실리콘 박막의 성장의 특성을 조사하였다. 실험 방법으로는 PECVD 시스템을 이용하여 SiH4 gas와 H2 gas를 선택적으로 증착시키는 LBL 방법을 사용하여 $\mu$c-Si:H 박막을 제작하였다. 비정질 층을 gas plasma treatment 하여 다결정질 실리콘의 증착 initial stage 관찰을 주목적으로 관찰하였다. 다결정 실리콘 박막의 구조적 성질을 조사하기 위하여 Raman, AFM, SEM, XRD를 이용하여 grain 크기와 결정화도에 대해 측정하여 결정성장 mechanism을 관측하였다. LBL 방법으로 증착시킨 박막의 Raman 분석을 통해서 박막 증착 초기에 비정질이 증착된 후에 결정질로 상태가 변화됨을 관측할 수 있었고, SEM image를 통해서 증착 회수를 증가시키면서 grain size가 작아졌다 다시 커지는 현상을 볼 수 있었다. 이 비정질 층의 transition layer를 gas plasma 처리를 통해서 다결정 핵 형성에 영향을 관측하여 적정한 gas plasma를 통해서 다결정질 실리콘 박막 증착 공정을 단축시킬 수 있는 가능성을 짐작할 수 있었고, 또한 표면의 roughnes와 morphology를 AFM을 통하여 관측함으로써 다결정 박막의 핵 형성에 알맞은 증착 표면 특성을 분석 할 수 있었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1181-1192
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of dietary hatchery by-products (HBPs) as a replacement of fish meal (FM) on growth performance, relative organ weight, plasma measurements, immune organ index, meat quality, and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 720 broiler chickens (3 d of age) were randomly allotted to 1 of 9 treatments with 8 replicates. Each replicate consisted of 5 male and 5 female birds. The basal diet was formulated to contain 5.0% commercial FM, whereas eight treatment diets were prepared by replacing 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of FM in the basal diet with infertile eggs (IFE) or a mixture of various HBPs (MIX); therefore, the inclusion levels of IFE or MIX in the experimental diets were 1.25%, 2.50%, 3.75%, or 5.00%. The diets and water were provided on an ad libitum basis for 32 d. Results: Increasing inclusion levels of IFE as a replacement of FM in diets had no effects on growth performance, plasma measurements, immune organ index, and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens. Increasing inclusion levels of IFE in diets increased (linear, p<0.05) meat lightness (L^*) but decreased (linear, p<0.05) meat redness (a^*). The breast meat pH at 1-h postmortem was increased (linear, p<0.05) by increasing inclusion levels of IFE in diets. Likewise, increasing inclusion levels of MIX in diets had no effects on growth performance, relative organ weight, plasma measurements, immune organ index, and tibia characteristics. However, increasing inclusion levels of MIX in diets increased (linear, p<0.05) 1-h postmortem pH but decreased (linear, p<0.05) 24-h postmortem pH of breast meat. Increasing inclusion levels of MIX in diets decreased (linear, p<0.05) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values of breast meat. Conclusion: Both IFE and MIX are suitable alternatives to FM as protein ingredients in broiler diets.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2023

In this paper, we report and discuss the semi-permanently hydrophilic (SPH) treatment of polyester fabric using plasma polymerization and oxidation based on atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (APDBD) technology. SiO_xC_y(-H) was coated on polyester fabric using Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (HMCTSO) as a precursor, and then plasma oxidation was performed to change the upper layer of the thin film to SiO₂-like. The degradation of hydrophilicity of the SPH polyester fabrics was evaluated by water contact angle (WCA) and wicking time after repeated washing. The surface morphology of the coated yarns was observed with scanning electron microscopy, and the presence of the coating layer was confirmed by measuring the Si peak using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The WCA of the SPH polyester fabric increased to 50 degrees after 30 washes, but it was still hydrophilic compared to the untreated fabric. The decrease in hydrophilicity of the SPH fabric was due to peeling of the SiO_xC_y(-H) thin film coated on polyester yarns.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.1010-1018
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• 2006

A glucose clamp technique was used to investigate the effects of non-protein energy intake on tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin for glucose metabolism in intact adults male goats. Three goats were fed diets at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times of ME for maintenance, each for 21 d. Crude protein intake was 1.5 times of maintenance requirement in each treatment. Tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin were evaluated using a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique with four levels of insulin infusion, beginning at 13 h after feeding. Concentrations of plasma metabolites and insulin were also measured at 3, 6 and 13 h after feeding, for evaluating effects of non-protein energy intake on the metabolic status of the animals. Increasing non-protein energy intake prevented an increase in plasma NEFA concentration at 13 h after feeding (p = 0.03). Plasma urea-nitrogen and total amino-nitrogen concentrations decreased (p<0.01) and increased (p = 0.03), respectively, with increasing non-protein energy intake across time relating to feeding. Plasma insulin concentration was unaffected (p = 0.43) by non-protein energy intake regardless of time relating to feeding. In the glucose clamp experiment, increasing non-protein energy intake decreased numerically (p = 0.12) the plasma insulin concentration at half-maximal glucose infusion rate (insulin sensitivity), but did not affect (p = 0.60) maximal glucose infusion rate (tissue responsiveness to insulin). The present results suggest that an increase in non-protein energy intake may enhance insulin sensitivity for glucose metabolism, unlike responsiveness to insulin, in adult male goats. The possible enhancement in insulin sensitivity may play a role in establishing anabolic status in the body, when excess energy is supplied to the body.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2008

Impairment of hepatic metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids has been known to be linked with induction of liver injury. We determined the early changes in the transsulfuration reactions in liver of rats challenged with a toxic dose of $CCl_4$ (2 mmol/kg, ip). Both hepatic methionine concentration and methionine adenosyltransferase activity were increased, but S-adenosylmethionine level did not change. Hepatic cysteine was increased significantly from 4 h after $CCl_4$ treatment. Glutathione (GSH) concentration in liver was elevated in $4{\sim}8$ h and then returned to normal in accordance with the changes in glutamate cysteine ligase activity. Cysteine dioxygenase activity and hypotaurine concentration were also elevated from 4 h after the treatment. However, plasma GSH concentration was increased progressively, reaching a level at least several fold greater than normal in 24 h. ${\gamma}$-Glutamyltransferase activity in kidney or liver was not altered by $CCl_4$, suggesting that the increase in plasma GSH could not be attributed to a failure of GSH cycling. The results indicate that acute liver injury induced by $CCl_4$ is accompanied with extensive alterations in the metabolomics of sulfurcontaining amino acids and related substances. The major metabolites and products of the transsulfuration pathway, including methionine, cysteine, hypotaurine, and GSH, are all increased in liver and plasma. The physiological significance of the change in the metabolomics of sulfur-containing substances and its role in the induction of liver injury need to be explored in future studies.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2016

The development of high performance transparent electrode with flexibility have been required for flexible electronics. Here, we demonstrate the silver nanowire and reduced graphene oxide hybrid transparent electrode for replacing brittle indium-tin-oxide electrode by spray coating technique and plasma reduction. The spray coating system is applied to deposit silver nanowire and over coated graphene oxide films and it has a great potential to scale-up. The resistance of silver nanowire transparent electrode is reduced by 10% and the surface roughness is decreased after graphene oxide coating. The over-coated graphene oxide is successfully reduced by $H_2$ plasma treatment and it is effective in increasing the environmental stability of electrode. The lifetime of silver nanowire and reduced graphene oxide hybrid electrode at $85^{\circ}C$ of Celsius degree of temperature and 85% of relative humidity has much increased.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1299-1307
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary antioxidant and energy density on performance and antioxidative status in transition cows. Forty cows were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments in a $2{\times}2$ factorial design. High or low energy density diets (1.43 or 1.28 Mcal $NE_L$/kg DM, respectively) were formulated with or without antioxidant (AOX, a dry granular blend of ethoxyquin and tertiary-butylhydroquinone; 0 or 5 g/cow per d). These diets were fed to cows for 21 days pre-partum. During the post-partum period, all cows were fed the same lactation diets, and AOX treatment followed as for the pre-partum period. Feeding a high energy diet depressed the DMI, milk yield, and 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM) of cows. However, AOX inclusion in the diet improved the milk and 4% FCM yields. There was an interaction of energy density by AOX on milk protein, milk fat and total solids contents. Feeding a high energy diet pre-partum increased plasma glucose and ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate, whereas dietary AOX decreased plasma ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate value during the transition period. There were also interactions between time and treatment for plasma glutathione peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde content during the study. Cows fed high energy diets pre-partum had higher plasma glutathione peroxidase activity 3 days prior to parturition, compared with those on low energy diets. Inclusion of AOX in diets decreased plasma glutathione peroxidase activity in cows 3 and 10 days pre-partum. Addition of AOX significantly decreased malondialdehyde values at calving. Energy density induced marginal changes in fatty acid composition in the erythrocyte membrane 3 days post-partum, while AOX only significantly increased cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid composition. The increase in fluidity of the erythrocyte membrane was only observed in the high energy treatment. It is suggested that a diet containing high energy density pre-partum may negatively affect the anti-oxidative status, DMI and subsequent performance. Addition of AOX may improve the anti-oxidative status and reduce plasma ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate, eventually resulting in improved lactation performance; the response to AOX addition was more pronounced on the high energy diet.