• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.237-244
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate thermal and water transmission properties of several vapor permeable water repellent (VPWR) fabrics and synthetic battings that became available in recent years. Five VPWR fabrics evaluated were Hipora in three coating variants, $Gore-Tex^{\circledR}$ and $Aitace^{\circledR}$. Battings evaluated were $Viwarma^{\circledR}$, $Uniwarmr^{\circledR}$, $Thinsulate^{\circledR}$, and $Airseal^{\circledR}$ Thermal resistance and water vapor transmission were measured for each fabric and batting and in all combinations. Thermal resistance at zero and 37 cm/sec air velocity was determined by the Thermo Labo II technique for simultaneously measuring conduction and radiation heat transfer. Water vapor transmission over 24 hours was measured by a modified weight-gain method in a compact humid chamber at conditions simulating the clothing climate under heavy exercise ($40{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $90{\pm}2\%$ R.H., and 0.5 m/sec air velocity). Fabric porosity was calculated from fiber density and fabric weight, thickness, and area. Thermal resistance results for the fabrics showed the effectiveness of coatings in inhibiting heat transfer. Measurements taken in wind were: $31.1\~37.6\%$ for $Hipora^{\circledR}$ variants; $31.0\%$ for $Gore-Tex^{\circledR}$; and $18.4\%$ for $Aitaca^{\circledR}$ Measurements without wind were higher but in the same order. Water vapor transmission results were in reverse order: $Aitac^{\circledR}$, $8.8 kg/m^{2};\;Gore-Tex^{\circledR}$, 6.4 kg/$m^{2}$; and $Hipora^{\circledR},\;4.4\~6.0\;kg/m^{2}$. In general thermal resistance increased with porosity. For battings, the thermal resistance with wind results were: $Viwarmu^{\circledR}$, $65.0\%;\; Thinsulate^{\circledR}$, $62.0\%$; $Uniwarm^{\circledR}$, $61.0\%$; and $Airseala^{\circledR},\;53.1\%$. Thermal resistance was proportional to thickness. Thermal resistance of fabric-batting combinations were $20\%$ higher than those of the battings only. Water vapor transmission for combinations was mainly affected by that for the VPWR fabric used.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.41-41
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• 2009

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

Purpose: In dental clinical fields, various periodontal membranes are currently used for periodontal regeneration. The periodontal membranes are categorized into two basic types: resorbable and non-resorbable. According to the case, clinician select which membrane is used. Comparing different membranes that are generally used in clinic is meaningful. For this purpose, this study evaluates histological effects of various membranes in canine one wall intrabony defect models and it suggest a valuation basis about study model. Material and Method: The membranes were non-resorbable TefGen $Plus^{(R)}$, resorbable Gore Resolut $XT^{(R)}$ and resorbable $Osteoguide^{(R)}$. One wall intrabony defects were surgically created at the second and the mesial aspect of the fourth mandibular premolars in either right or left jaw quadrants in two dogs. The animals were euthanized 8 weeks post-surgery when block sections of the defect sites were collected and prepared for histological evaluation. Results: 1. While infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in control, TefGen $Plus^{(R)}$ and Gore Resolut $XT^{(R)}$, it was not observed in $Osteoguide^{(R)}$. 2. TefGen $Plus^{(R)}$ had higher integrity than others and $Osteoguide^{(R)}$ was absorbed with folding shape. Gore Resolut $XT^{(R)}$ was divided everal parts during resorbtion and it was also absorbed from inside. 3. Quantity of new bone and new cementum was not abundant in all membranes. 4. For histologic evaluation of membranes we should consider infiltration of inflammatory, migration of junctional epithelium, integrity of membrane, quantity of new bone and new cementum, connective tissue formation and aspect of resorption. Conclusion: This histologic evaluation suggests that $Osteoguide^{(R)}$ provides periodontal regenerative environment with less inflammatory state. It is meangful that this study model suggests a valuation basis about other study model.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.816-822
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• 1989

Aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta can be caused by various etiologies. So, its abrupt rupture leads life-threatening state, it must be operated as soon as possible. Surgical treatment of the descending thoracic aortic aneurysm requires temporary cross-clamping of major artery. The obligatory occlusion of the descending thoracic aorta during management causes proximal arterial hypertension and distal arterial hypotension. The former may leads to left ventricular failure, or cerebrovascular accident, whereas the latter may leads to spinal cord ischemia or renal injury. Some have recommended insertion of temporary shunt around the occluded descending aorta to prevent above problems. Still others would favor expeditious operation employing simple aortic occlusion during the repair of the descending aorta. Recently we had experienced two cases of dissecting aneurysms of descending thoracic aorta which performed aortoplasty with Gore-Tex conduit under simple aortic occlusion. The one was 34-year-old female patient with traumatic dissecting aortic aneurysm [5 em X 5 cm] on the descending thoracic aorta distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery and the other was 58-year-old female patient with atherosclerotic dissecting descending thoracic aortic aneurysm [6 cmX7 cm] and diffuse abdominal aortic aneurysms [3X5 cm]. Both patients performed standard left posterolateral thoracotomy. After the aneurysmal sac was mobilized, occluding vascular clamps were placed on the transverse aorta proximal to the origin of the left subclavian artery, and on the distal descending aorta without adjuvant bypass procedures for 31 and 32 minutes, respectively, and the aneurysmal sac was repaired with 18 mm ringed Gore-Tex conduit graft. Both patients postoperative courses were uneventful.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.635-642
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• 2019

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical differences between human dura mater and dura mater substitutes to optimize biomimetic materials. Methods : Four groups were investigated. Group I used cranial dura mater (n=10), group II used $Gore-Tex^{(R)}$ Expanded Cardiovascular Patch (W.L. Gore & Associates Inc., Flagstaff, AZ, USA) (n=6), group III used $Durepair^{(R)}$ (Medtronic Inc., Goleta, CA, USA) (n=6), and group IV used $Tutopatch^{(R)}$ (Tutogen Medical GmbH, Neunkirchen am Brand, Germany) (n=6). We used an axial compression machine to measure maximum tensile strength. Results : The mean tensile strengths were $7.01{\pm}0.77MPa$ for group I, $22.03{\pm}0.60MPa$ for group II, $19.59{\pm}0.65MPa$ for group III, and $3.51{\pm}0.63MPa$ for group IV. The materials in groups II and III were stronger than those in group I. However, the materials in group IV were weaker than those in group I. Conclusion : An important dura mater graft property is biomechanical similarity to cranial human dura mater. This biomechanical study contributed to the future development of artificial dura mater substitutes with biomechanical properties similar to those of human dura mater.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2003

Background and Objectives : $VoCoM^{\circledR}$ is a commercialized set composed of prefabricated hydroxylapatite implants and shims of various sizes which are specially designed for the type I thyroplasty. Even though a previously published preliminary report showed that $VoCoM^{\circledR}$ is a convenient and safe product for the type I thyroplasty, further investigations or experiences are yet to be reported. Authors aimed to evaluate the efficacy of $VoCoM^{\circledR}$type I thyroplasty, and its advantage and/or disadvantage. Materials and Method : Twenty three consecutive patients with unilateral vocal cord palsy enrolled for the study, who received type I thyroplasty with $VoCoM^{\circledR}$ between July 2001 and June 2003. Acoustic, aerodynamic and stoboscopic analyses were performed prior to surgery and 1 to 3 months after surgery. Speech language pathologists evaluated their voice quality by GRBAS scale, and patients themselves reported subjective changes of their voice by visual analog scale. Results : The average time for the operation was 80 min, which is about 30 min less than other methods. Preoperative jitter was 3.25$\pm$1.65% and improved to 1.94$\pm$1.79% postoperatively (p<0.05). Preoperative shimmer was 9.72$\pm$6.56% and improved to 5.61 $\pm$3.76% (p<0.05), Maximal phonation time increased from 4.41$\pm$2.99 to 7.98$\pm$4.35 sec (p<0.05) The postoperative stroboscopy revealed an effective medialization in 91.3% of the patients. The subjective phonetic improvements were reported in 21 out of 23 patients. GRBAS scale improved from 2.71$\pm$0.46 to 1.47$\pm$1.12(p<0.05). Additional medialization with $Gore-Tex^{\circledR}$ was easily performed in two revision cases. Previously inserted $VoCoM^{\circledR}$ implant was hard to remove because of the tight integration of soft tissues around the implant. Side effects such as extrusion or foreign body reaction are not observed. $VoCoM^{\circledR}$ was relatively expensive and costed more than 10 times of $Gore-Tex^{\circledR}$. Conclusion : Prefabricated hydroxylapatitie implant($VoCoM^{\circledR}$) provides a convenient, safe and efficient way of vocal fold medialization. However it is relatively expensive and hard to remove.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1191-1203
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• 1990

Pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries [abbreviated as PA+VSD+MAPCA in the following] has limited the success of attempts at accurate diagnosis and complete surgical repair. From April 1986 to September 1990, 23 patients with PA+VSD+MAPCA among 96 patients of PA+VSD in Seoul National University Children’s Hospital were encountered. The group comprised 14 male and 9 female patients with ages ranging from 17 days to 177 months [mean 49.6 months]. We operated one stage total repair on good pulmonary artery sized two patients by R.E.V. [Reparation a l’etage ventriculaire] and Rastelli operation respectively. And the 11 patients who had independent MAPCAs and hypoplastic central pulmonary artery were dealt with unifocalization and modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt and followed by second stage repair in 3 patients later. We successfully had managed 7 patients whose MAPCAs could be ligated with modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt and followed by second stage repair in 3 patients with R.E.V or Rastelli operation. Recently, three obstruction after 11 unifocalization procedures made us to try palliative right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit operation by Gore-Tex vascular graft interposition under cardiopulmonary bypass. And so we managed another 3 patients with these procedures for the purpose of pulmonary artery growth whose central pulmonary artery were severely hypoplastic. We experienced one death after second stage repair whose central pulmonary artery was created by 12mm Gore-Tex vascular graft and was unifocalized.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.103-105
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• 2005

The importance of protecting people from harsh weather conditions cannot be over-emphasized and the way to. do so should be sought vigorously. The most well known and widely used weather protection fabric in the current industry is $Gor-Tex.^1$ However, the Gore-Tex membrane cannot be attached to cotton or other natural fibers so it's use is not suitable for clothing such as underwear. If the exterior of cotton fabric can be made to be hydrophobic without sacrificing the comfort and breathability, the result will be a cotton fabric with the weather protection capability equivalent to Gore-Tex as well as the ability to provide the best wear comfort. However, this should be done without using toxic and expensive gases to be environmentally friendly and cost effective. Therefore, our approach for hydrophobic treatments of fabric and metal surfaces is to utilize a plasma-based technique. In general, plasma processes do not produce chemical wastes or waste disposal problems and they are fully automated.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.19-43
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• 1997

The barrier membranes for GTR procedure could be affected bY bacterial contamination after exposure to oral environment. This study was done to evaluate whether the tetracycline impregnated barrier membranes could inhibit bacterial attachment and penetration into membranes. The resorbable membrane(polylactic and polyglycolide copolymer, $Resolute^{(R)}$, W.L Gore and Associates, Inc..USA) and the non-resorbable membrane(e-PTFE; Gore-TexTM, W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc.,USA) were cut into 4mm discs and trated with 5% tridodecylmethylammonium chloride solution in ethanol and dried in air. The membranes were immersed in tetracycline(TC) solution (100mg/ml, pH 8.0) and dried. To the maxillary canine-premolar region in six periodontally healthy volunteers, removable acrylic devices were inserted, on which 8 cylindrical chambers were glued with TC impregnated and non-impregnated discs, the membrane discs were examined for bacterial attachment and penetration, and structural changes under SEM and LM. From the 1st day to the 7th day, membranes showed bacterial plaque formation composed of cocci and rods. Thereafter, filamentous bacteria appeared and the plaque thickness increased. The TC impregnated e-PTFE membranes showed less bacterial attachment and delayed in bacterial plaque maturation than non-treated membranes. As for bacterial penetration, the TC impregnated e-PTFE membranes showed superficial invasion and infrequent presence of bacteria in unexposed inner surface at the 4th week. while the non-treated e-PTFE membranes showed deep bacterial invasion at the 2nd week and frequent presence of internal bacteria at the 4th week. The resorbable membranes started to be resorbed at the 2nd week and were perforated at the 4th week, regardless of TC treatment. In conclusion, bacterial plaque formation and penetration was efficiently delayed in TC impregnated e-PTFE membranes, whereas resorbable membranes were similar in bacterial invasion due to membrane degradation and perforation, regardless of TC treatment.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.603-613
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• 1995

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate on the biodegradability, biocompatibility and tissue regenerative capacity of synthetic bioabsorbable membranes in beagle dogs. For animal study, 9 adult beagle dogs were used to examination, on the surgical implantation of membranes and histological analysis. In each animal, the 3rd and 4th premolars of the both sides of the mandible were selected as test teeth. Two types of bioresorbable membranes including "Guidor membrane", "S-membranes" were used to examining for biological activity, and also Gore-tex membranes was used for positive control. Surgically created defects were made in 2 premolars of both sides of the mandible at $3{\times}4mm^2$ in size and tested membranes were implanted in the defected area. A plaque control regimen was instituted with daily tooth brushing with a 0.1% chlorhexidine digluconate during experimental periods. All the experimental animals were sacrificed after 2, 4, and 8 weeks from surgery and undecalcified slides were prepared using the "sawing and grinding" technique described by Donath and Breuner". In biodegradability, all the membranes were started their biodegradation from two weeks after implantation and gradually demolished of their frame morphology from eight weeks. However, demolition of membranes in 8 weeks after implantation was highest in Guidor membranes and followed by S-membranes. Biocompatibilityof two kinds of biodegradable membranes including Guidor and S-mambrane were shown to be well tolerated to the surrounding tissue, and were minimal accumulation of inflammatory cell infiltration around the implanted membranes to compare with Gore-tex membrane. Regeneration of defected alveolar bone was initiated from two weeks of membrane implantation and new bone formation was gradually increased from that time. However, pattern of new bone formation on the defected areas of two kinds of biodegrable membranes was almost similar and quite competitive comparing with Gore-tex membrane. These results implicate that bioresorbable membranes should be highly useful tool for guided tissue regeneration of periodontal defects.