• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.551-559
• /
• 2000

서해안의 신도시 및 산업단지 근교에 위치한 인공 시화호에서 유입지천 부근의 상류쿠터 최하류의 수문부근까지 3~8개 지점에서 1994년~1999년에 걸쳐 수환경 오인을 매월 1~2회 조사하였다. 환경요인은 연평균 $COD_{Mn}$, 엽록소 $\alpha$, 총질소, 총인농도 및 투명도가 각각 5.2~15.1mg/L, $7.3~148.1\;\mu\textrm{g}$/L, 1.50~4.48 mgN/L, 0.055~0.281 mgP/L 및 0.5~1.4 m로서 중영양단계에서 과영양단계까지의 수질을 보였다. 시화호가 조성된 1994년부터 1997년 3월 이전까지의 수질은 외부 또는 내부의 저층으로부터 부하되는 오염물질이 지속적으로 호소내에 축적되어 극도로 악화되었다. 수질오염은 연중 식물플랑크톤이 대발생하는 생물학적 현상으로 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 반면에 1997년 3월부터 1999년까지는 다양한 수질개선대책의 시행으로 빠른 속도의 수질회복이 관찰되었고, 1999년의 수질은 담수화 초기의 수질로 회복된 것으로 조사되었다. 시화호의 수질회복은 1997년 7월부터 시행한 해수유통에 의해 가장 큰 효과를 보였고, 1997년 3월부터 운영한 반월공단 및 시화공장의 차집수로에 의한 유입부하량 저감으로 수질회복효과를 더욱 향상시킨 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.459-466
• /
• 2007

To analyze the water characteristics in the dry and wet seasons, the data for temperature, salinity, nutrients and $chl-{\alpha}$ were used, which were observed in the south coastal area of Korea during April to October 2000. At Yeosu in the south coast of Korea, the higher values of 35.0 psu in salinity were shown in March and April, the lower values of 23.0 psu in salinity were shown in August and September. The annual range of salinity was 12.0 psu. The total amount of precipitation in the wet season (July to October) was occupied 68% (about 846 mm) during 2000. The precipitation of the dry season (November to June) was occupied 32% (about 394 mm) in the year In the coastal area, the salinity variation is distinct in the period of July to October. Based on this result, we divided the season into two parts: the dry season during April to June and the wet season during July to October. Factor analysis was shown that temperature has strong negative relation and nutrients show positive relations in the dry season by the factor 1, which explains the total valiance of 50.6% at the surface water. In the wet season, salinity has negative relation and nutrients show positive relation by the factor 2, which explains the total variance of 33.5%. The bottom layer also showed similar to those of surface water in the results of factor analysis. These mean that nutrients become rich due to the freshwater inflow in the wet season. The low saline water is shown not only in the south coast but also in the overall region in the South Sea of Korea. It is suggested that the South Sea of Korea may call a ROFI (Region of Freshwater Influence) system in summer.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.723-732
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate changes of protease and amylase activities and nitrogen content in Chungkookjang prepared by Bacillus subtilis S8 and different soybean. Amino-type nitrogen and ammonia-type nitrogen contents increased with an increase in fermentation time and was the highest in black soybean Chungkookjang. The number of viable cells increased up to 24 h of fermentation at all temperatures tested; especially, their levels were the highest at $40^{\circ}C$. Protease activity was the highest in black soybean Chungkookjang. ${\alpha}$-amylase activity increased significantly up to 6 h of fermentation at $30^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$ and then maintained constantly. It also increased up to 30-36 h of fermentation at $45^{\circ}C$ and then decreased. ${\beta}$-amylase activity was the highest in black soybean Chungkookjang at $35^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$ and in yellow soybean Chungkookjang at $45^{\circ}C$. Production pattern of reducing sugar was similar to that of ${\beta}$-amylase. Amino-type nitrogen, viable cell number and reducing sugar content and ${\beta}$-amylase activity was the highest in Chungkookjang fermented at $40^{\circ}C$. Considering amino-type and ammonia-type nitrogen contents, Chungkookjang fermentation using yellow soybean was favorable. However, the fermentation using black soybean was favorable, considering protease and amylase activities and reducing sugar content.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.59-82
• /
• 2012

Objectives : We purposed to objectify the pattern diagnosis of Tic disorders through factor and reliability analysis regarding a pattern identification questionnaire concerning Tic disorders in children. Methods : We chose and studied 144 children who were pattern-diagnosed out of 200 tic disordered children who visited H hospital in Seoul from January 2006 to April 2011. Results : 1. TTD (50%) was the most common type and the occurrence rate in male children was higher(4.76:1). Also, the rate of hospital visits was highest at the age 8(23.6%). 2. In results concering pattern diagnosis, Gan-poong-nae-dong was most frequently diagnosed in 53 patients (36.8%), and Dam-hwa-yo-sin (42 patients), Gan-sin-um-her (30 patients), and Bee-her-gan-wang (6 patients). 3. In an attempt to verify the reliability of the questionnaire, the coefficient regarding the whole questions (Cronbach ${\alpha}$) came to 0.909. Moreover, the reliability coefficient foreach sub factor was 0.687 in Ganpoong-nae-dong, 0.817 in Dam-hwa-yo-sin, 0.851 in Bee-her-gan-wang, and 0.726 in Gan-sin-um-her, respectively. Thus, their consistency was ensured. 4. In exploratory factor analysis concerning the most common five questions in the questionnaire, the questions of Dam-hwa-yo-sin and Gan-poong-nae-dong appeared to be part of different factors. While, Gan-sin-um-her and Bee-her-gan-wang questions showed that they belong to the same factors. 5. In factor analysis excluding both Gan-sin-um-her and Bee-her-gan-wang questions, both showed significant results; however, the one excluding Gan-sin-um-her showed improved results. Conclusions : From the above results concerning the Pattern Identification Questionnaire for Tic Disordered children, three separated patterns of Bee-her-gan-wang, Dam-hwa-yo-sin, Gan-poong-nae-dong are thought to be available for clinical use. However, further validity studies are needed.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제14권7호
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 2016

Purpose - Recently actively growing franchise systems distribution channel system in which franchise headquarter compared with franchise occupies an important place in distribution channel. Due to this, franchise and franchise headquarter are interdependent on task and in this situation the goal they go after, motivation and objective are probably inconsistent. If so, possibility to participate goal setting process or operating activity of opposite side is becoming bigger and in the end conflict may generate. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of the supervisor's attitude and expertise as moderating factors in the relationship between goal-incongruity/coercive power/role-incongruity and the conflict perceived by franchisee. Research design, data and methodology - This study was intended to verify how the supervisor's attitude and expertise as moderating factors in the relationship between goal-incongruity/coercive power/role-incongruity and the conflict perceived by franchisee. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, some study models and hypotheses have been established through theoretical examinations. Then, using these scales, the researcher completed the questionnaire survey. To test our hypotheses, the survey was conducted from March 9, 2016 for 20 days by random sampling, The study was implemented through a descriptive survey method using a self-administered questionnaire. A survey of 124 restaurant franchisee across Seoul and Gyeonggi Province was performed. A total of 124 completed responses were analyzed. In this study, I used SPSS 22.0 to analyze data and did frequency analysis to see demographic, and general features of the respondents; also did exploratory factor analysis to examine the validity of the items of measurement. Factor analysis was first calculated at a minimum, the number of factors, principal component analysis used when variables are committed to maximising the information with (principle component analysis) and the rotation of factors were angry about the great variable factors than 1.0 by applying Varimax rotation. In addition, I used the value of Cronbach's (Alpha) to examine the reliance of questionnaire items, final analysis the reliability factor can be found both high reliability hayeoteumeuro exceeds over 0.6 and did Multiple regression analysis to test hypothesis and also did hierarchical regression analysis to examine moderating effect. Results - To analyze the proposed model, according to the analysis result, it was found that the influence of goal-incongruity, coercive power, and role-incongruity on the perceived conflict of franchisee is moderated by the supervisor's attitude and expertise. That is, the more the supervisor's attitude and expertise were positive, the more the conflicts of the goal-incongruity, coercive power, and role-incongruity were decreased. It also confirmed previous research's finding that goal-incongruity, coercive power, and role-incongruity positively influence on the conflict. Conclusions - According to the results of this research which reduces the conflict of franchise from the in consistent goal; coercive power, and inconsistent role of superiors, it provides very important implications for franchise headquarter which has franchise system and also give them some suggestion about how to recruit superiors and what kind of training may be fit for the superiors.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.549-555
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 다운증후군 위험도의 예측을 위해 통합선별검사를 실시한 산모를 대상으로, 각 표지자의 유의성에 대한 평가를 하였다. 초음파로 측정한 NT 영상, 산모혈청 PAPP-A, AFP, uE3, hCG, 인히빈 A의 상관성을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 NT, uE3, hCG, 인히빈 A와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(p<.001). ROC분석에서 인히빈 A의 AUC가 0.851로 다운증후군의 가장 큰 예측인자로 분석되었으며. cut-off value 1.33 MoM(민감도 87.5%, 특이도 71.5%)으로 결정되었다. 결론적으로 통합선별검사에서 인히빈 A가 다운증후군을 예측하는 가장 유용한 인자로 나타났다. 이에 각 표지자(parameter)들의 cut-off value를 바탕으로 통합선별검사의 단점을 보완한다면 다운증후군 선별의 독립적인 지표로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.283-289
• /
• 2015

This study surveys the improvement characteristics in old-aged muscular mitochondria by bio-active materials coated fabric (BMCF). To observe the effects, the fabric (10 and 30%) was worn to old-aged rat then the oxygen consumption efficiency and copy numbers of mitochondria, and mRNA expression of apoptosis- and mitophagy-related genes were verified. By wearing the BMCF, the oxidative respiration significantly increased when using the 30% materials coated fabric. The mitochondrial DNA copy number significantly decreased and subsequently recovered in a dose-dependent manner. The respiratory control ratio to mitochondrial DNA copy number showed a dose-dependent increment. As times passed, Bax, caspase 9, PGC-$1{\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$-actin increased, and Bcl-2 decreased in a dose-dependent manner. However, the BMCF can be seen to have had no effect on Fas receptor. PINK1 expression did not change considerably and was inclined to decrease in control group, but the expression was down-regulated then subsequently increased with the use of the BMCF in a dose-dependent manner. Caspase 3 increased and subsequently decreased in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the BMCF invigorates mitophagy and improves mitochondrial oxidative respiration in skeletal muscle, and in early stage of apoptosis induced by the BMCF is not related to extrinsic death-receptor mediated but mitochondria-mediated signaling pathway.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
• /
• 제33권52호
• /
• pp.336.1-336.12
• /
• 2018

Background: We aimed to investigate mucosal immunity related to forkhead box P3 ($FOXP3^+$) regulatory T (Treg) cells, T helper 17 (Th17) cells and cytokines in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: Mucosal tissues from terminal ileum and colon and serum samples were collected from twelve children with IBD and seven control children. Immunohistochemical staining was done using anti-human FOXP3 and anti-$ROR{\gamma}t$ antibodies. Serum levels of cytokines were analyzed using a multiplex assay covering interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A/F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$, soluble CD40L, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$. Results: $FOXP3^+$ Treg cells in the lamina propria (LP) of terminal ileum of patients with Crohn's disease were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in the healthy controls. $ROR{\gamma}t^+$ T cells of terminal ileum tended to be higher in Crohn's disease than those in the control. In the multiplex assay, serum concentrations (pg/mL) of IL-4 ($9.6{\pm}1.5$ vs. $12.7{\pm}3.0$), IL-21 ($14.9{\pm}1.5$ vs. $26.4{\pm}9.1$), IL-33 ($14.3{\pm}0.9$ vs. $19.1{\pm}5.3$), and $IFN-{\gamma}$ ($15.2{\pm}5.9$ vs. $50.2{\pm}42.4$) were significantly lower in Crohn's disease than those in the control group. However, serum concentration of IL-6 ($119.1{\pm}79.6$ vs. $52.9{\pm}39.1$) was higher in Crohn's disease than that in the control. Serum concentrations of IL-17A ($64.2{\pm}17.2$ vs. $28.3{\pm}10.0$) and IL-22 ($37.5{\pm}8.8$ vs. $27.2{\pm}3.7$) were significantly higher in ulcerative colitis than those in Crohn's disease. Conclusion: Mucosal immunity analysis showed increased $FOXP3^+$ T reg cells in the LP with Crohn's disease while Th17 cell polarizing and signature cytokines were decreased in the serum samples of Crohn's disease but increased in ulcerative colitis.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2020

본 논문에서는 새로운 구조의 개체명 인식 DeNERT 모델을 제안한다. 최근 자연어처리 분야는 방대한 양의 말뭉치로 사전 학습된 언어 표현 모델을 활용하는 연구가 활발하다. 특히 자연어처리 분야 중 하나인 개체명인식은 대부분 지도학습 방식을 사용하는데, 충분히 많은 양의 학습 데이터 세트와 학습 연산량이 필요하다는 단점이 있다. 강화학습은 초기 데이터 없이 시행착오 경험을 통해 학습하는 방식으로 다른 기계학습 방법론보다 조금 더 사람이 학습하는 과정에 가까운 알고리즘으로 아직 자연어처리 분야에는 많이 적용되지 않은 분야이다. 아타리 게임이나 알파고 등 시뮬레이션 가능한 게임 환경에서 많이 사용된다. BERT는 대량의 말뭉치와 연산량으로 학습된 구글에서 개발한 범용 언어 모델이다. 최근 자연어 처리 연구 분야에서 높은 성능을 보이고 있는 언어 모델이며 많은 자연어처리 하위분야에서도 높은 정확도를 나타낸다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 DQN, BERT 두가지 딥러닝 모델을 이용한 새로운 구조의 개체명 인식 DeNERT 모델을 제안한다. 제안하는 모델은 범용 언어 모델의 장점인 언어 표현력을 기반으로 강화학습 모델의 학습 환경을 만드는 방법으로 학습된다. 이러한 방식으로 학습된 DeNERT 모델은 적은 양의 학습 데이터세트로 더욱 빠른 추론시간과 높은 성능을 갖는 모델이다. 마지막으로 제안하는 모델의 개체명 인식 성능평가를 위해 실험을 통해서 검증한다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.83-89
• /
• 2021

개불 라이소자임(Uu-ilys)은 개불(Urechis unicinctus)로부터 정제된 무척추형 라이소자임으로 병원균에 대한 방어에 주요하게 작용하는 선천성 면역 물질이며, 비효소적 항균 활성을 가지고 있어 항균 활성을 지닌 유도체의 개발 가능성을 가지고 있다. 본 논문은 개불 라이소자임에서 유래된 항균 활성을 가지는 유도체의 디자인과 생산을 기술하고 있다. 여러 항균성 펩타이드(antimicrobial peptide, AMP) 데이터베이스에서 제공하는 항균성 펩타이드 예측 도구를 사용하여 개불 라이소자임에서 항균 활성을 가지는 부위를 예측하였다. 개불 라이소자임 C-말단의 절편이 항균 활성을 나타낼 것으로 예측되었으며, 이 펩타이드는 C-말단 절편, Uu-ilys-CF라 명명하였다. Uu-ilys-CF은 이형 발현 시스템인 TrxA-Uu-ilys-CF 퓨전 단백질을 사용하여 생산하였다. 만들어진 퓨전 단백질은 브롬화시안을 사용하여 메티오닌 잔기를 절단하였으며, 절단된 Uu-ilys-CF은 고성능액체크로마토그래피와 역상 컬럼인 CapCell-Pak C18을 사용하여 분리되었다. Uu-ilys-CF의 항균 활성을 조사하기 위해서 여러 균주(그람양성균 4개, 그람음성균7개, 진균 1개)를 사용하였다. Uu-ilys-CF의 항균 활성은 살모넬라에서 가장 높은 반응을 보였다. 비록 Uu-ilys-CF는 진균에 활성을 나타내지 않았지만, 사용한 균주들에서 넓은 범위의 항균 활성을 나타내었다.