• 제목/요약/키워드: $G_{IC}$

검색결과 1,874건 처리시간 0.047초

국내산 다래나무 수피의 페놀성 화합물의 항산화 및 Nitric Oxide 생성 억제 활성 (Phenolic Compounds from Barks of Actinidia arguta Planchon Growing in Korea and its Anti-Oxidative and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activities)

  • 임현우;심재걸;최형균;이민원
    • 생약학회지
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    • 제36권3호통권142호
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    • pp.245-251
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    • 2005
  • Phytochemical examination of the barks of Actinidia arguta led to the isolation of five flavonoids. Structures of compounds were elucidated as catechin (1), (-)-epicatechin (2), quercetin (3), $quercetin-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (4), $quercetin-3-O-{\beta}-D-galactopyranoside$ (5) by comparison with previously reported spectral evidences. To investigate the anti-oxidative effect and nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activity of these compounds, DPPH radical scavenging activity and nitric oxide production inhibitory activity in $IFN-{\gamma}$, LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cell were examined. The $IC_{50}s$ were determinied as follows : $1\;$IC_{50}=26.61\;{\mu}g/ml$, $2\;IC_{50}=25.30\;{\mu}g/ml$, $3\;IC_{50}=20.41\;{\mu}g/ml$, $4\;IC_{50}=18.23\;{\mu}g/ml$ , $5\;IC_{50}=30.46\;{\mu}g/ml$, $6\;IC_{50}=28.0;{\mu}g/ml$, $7\;IC_{50}=27.24\;{\mu}/ml$. These NO production inhibitory effects were significantly different compared with the positive control, L-NMMA $(IC_{50}=20.77\;{\mu}g/ml)$, respectively. Compound $1\;(IC_{50}=6.19\;{\mu}g/ml)$, $2\;(IC_{50}=8.98\;{\mu}g/ml)$, $3\;(IC_{50}=7.30\;{\mu}g/ml)$ and $4\;(IC_{50}=7.64\;{\mu}g/ml)$ also showed potent antioxidative activities similar level to ascorbic acid $(IC_{50}=9.22\;{\mu}g/ml)$. These results suggest that barks of A. arguta have a potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity.

Anti-Oxidative and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activities of Phenolic Compounds from the Fruits of Actinidia arguta

  • Lim, Hyun-Woo;Kang, Seung-Jin;Park, Min;Yoon, Jung-Hye;Han, Byeong-Hoon;Choi, Sun-Eun;Lee, Min-Won
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.221-225
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    • 2006
  • Phytochemical examination of the fruits of Actinidia arguta has led to the isolation three organic acids, one coumarin, and three flavonoids. Structures of these compounds were elucidated as protocatechuic acid (1), caffeic acid (2), $caffeoyl-\beta-D-glucopyranoside$ (3), esculetin (4), quercetin (5), quercetin $3-O-\beta-D-galactopyranoside$ (6), and quercetin $3-O-\alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl$ $(1\rightarrow6)-O-\beta-D-glucopyranoside$ (7) by comparisons with previously reported spectral data. To investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of these compounds, nitric oxide production inhibitory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and DPPH radical scavenging activities were examined. Nitric oxide productions were reduced significantly by the addition of compounds $[1(IC_{50}=59.27{\mu}g/ml),\;2(IC_{50}=27.95{\mu}g/ml),\;3(IC_{50}=73.09{\mu}g/ml),\;4(IC_{50}=67.44{\mu}g/ml),\;5(IC_{50}=17.40{\mu}g/ml),\;6(IC_{50}=41.99{\mu}g/ml),\;7(IC_{50}=54.46{\mu}g/ml)]$, and extracts $(IC_{50}=56.21{\mu}g/ml)$ compared with positive control, L-NMMA $(IC_{50}=14.48{\mu}g/ml)$. The phenolic compounds also showed anti-oxidative activities. Especially, Compounds $1(IC_{50}=8.87{\mu}g/ml),\;4(IC_{50}=3.41{\mu}g/ml),\;and\;5(IC_{50}=6.06{\mu}g/ml),\;$, showed potent anti-oxidative activities similar to L-ascorbic acid $(IC_{50}=5.89{\mu}g/ml)$.

오디씨로부터 항산화성 폴리페놀화합물의 분리 및 동정 (Isolation and Identification of Antioxidant Polyphenolic Compounds in Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Seeds)

  • 이유진;김은옥;최상원
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제40권4호
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    • pp.517-524
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    • 2011
  • 뽕나무(Morus alba L.) 열매 오디로부터 오디주스 및 오디와인 제조 중 부산물로 얻어지는 오디씨를 기능성식품 및 화장품의 신소재로 사용하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 먼저 오디씨로부터 11가지 폴리페놀화합물을 분리 및 동정하였으며, 아울러 그들의 항산화활성과 품종별 함량을 측정하였다. 먼저 탈지오디씨박의 메탄올추출물을 노르말-헥산으로 탈지한 후 디클로로메탄, 에틸아세테이트 및 노르말-부탄올로 용매분획하고, 이중 항산화활성이 강한 에틸아세테이트 분획물을 silica-gel, Sephadex LH-20 및 ODS-A column chromatography를 순차적으로 실시하여 11가지 폴리페놀 화합물을 각각 순수하게 분리 및 정제하였으며, 그들의 화학 구조를 NMR을 이용하여 동정하였다. 오디씨로부터 분리한 11가지 폴리페놀화합물의 항산화활성을 DPPH radical을 이용하여 측정한 결과, rutin($IC_{50}=20.2\;{\mu}M$)이 가장 강한 항산화활성을 나타내었으며, 그 다음으로 isoquercitrin ($IC_{50}=22.5\;{\mu}M$)> quercitrin($IC_{50}=24.6\;{\mu}M$)> quercetin($IC_{50}=27.8\;{\mu}M$)> (+)-dihydroquercetin($IC_{50}=28.9\;{\mu}M$)> chlorogenic acid($IC_{50}=30.6\;{\mu}M$) 순으로 나타내었다. 반면, (+)-dihydrokaempferol($IC_{50}=33.8\;{\mu}M$), trans-resveratrol($IC_{50}=36.2\;{\mu}M$), moracin($IC_{50}=47.6\;{\mu}M$) 및 4-prenylmoracin($IC_{50}=48.2\;{\mu}M$)은 위의 폴리페놀화합물보다 낮은 항산화활성을 나타내었으며, procatechuic acid($IC_{50}=68.2\;{\mu}M$)는 가장 낮은 항산화활성을 나타내었다. 한편, 3가지 뽕나무 품종별 오디씨의 11가지 폴리페놀화합물의 함량을 측정한 결과, rutin이 31.1~60.0 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로 quercitrin(7.2~34.2 mg/100 g)> dihydroquercetin(13.2~33.1 mg/100 g)> quercetin(15.8~19.5 mg/100 g)> 4-prenylmor acin(10.5~43.3 mg/100 g)> isoquercitrin(5.8~15.4 mg/100g)> chlorogenic acid(0.0~15.3 mg/100 g)> moracin(4.7~7.2 mg/100 g)> procatechuic acid(0.0~11.6 mg/100 g) 순으로 낮게 나타났으며, (+)-dihydrokaempferol 및 transresveratrol의 함량은 미량(< 0.1 mg/100 g)으로 나타났다. 또한, 3가지 품종 중 대성뽕 오디씨는 폴리페놀화합물 중 rutin 및 quercetin 유도체의 함량이 높았으며, 반면 익수뽕 오디씨는 procatechuic 및 chlorogenic acid의 함량이 높았고, 특히 moracin 및 4-prenylmoracin의 함량이 다른 오디품종에 비해 높았으나, 반면 청일뽕은 3가지 품종 중 폴리페놀화합물의 함량이 가장 낮았다. 따라서 오디씨는 항산화성 폴리페놀화합물을 많이 함유하고 있기 때문에 암, 고혈압, 당뇨 및 노화를 예방하는 기능성식품 및 화장품의 신소재로 널리 활용할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

In vitro Screening of Jeju Medicinal Plants for Cosmeceutical Materials

  • Kim, Sang-Suk;Hyun, Chang-Gu;Lee, Jong-Sung;Lim, Ji-Hee;Kim, Ji-Young;Park, Deok-Hoon
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제50권4호
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    • pp.215-220
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    • 2007
  • One of the important functions of skin is protection from harmful environments. Many studies have explored how to prevent skin from wrinkling and the occurrence of pigmentation changes. Skin wrinkling and pigmentation changes could be caused by unusual disruption of connective tissue, the formation of free radicals and ultraviolet radiation. In this study, extracts obtained from 254 different kinds of Jeju medicinal plants were screened for inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and elastase, and for free radical scavenging effects. Four herbs, Phormium tenax, Morus bombycis, Morus alba, and Cudrania tricuspidata, were potent inhibitors of tyrosinase ($IC_{50}$ values 4.62, 5.46, 8.17, and 64.17 ${\mu}g$/mL, respectively). Aleurites fordii [$IC_{50}$: 5.29 ${\mu}g$/mL, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)], Distylium racemosum ($IC_{50}$: 6.14 ${\mu}g$/mL), Acer palmatum ($IC_{50}$: 5.44 ${\mu}g$/mL), and Spiraea salicifolia ($IC_{50}$: 5.25 ${\mu}g$/mL) showed good antioxidative effects. Furthermore, Distylium racemosum ($IC_{50}$: 7.51 ${\mu}g$/mL), Diospyros kaki ($IC_{50}$: 15.1 ${\mu}g$/mL), Cornus macrophylla ($IC_{50}:$ 16.59 ${\mu}g$/mL), and Psidium guajava ($IC_{50}$: 40.25 ${\mu}g$/mL) exhibited potent inhibitory effects on elastase. These results suggest that medicinal plants possessing several biological activities may be potent inhibitors of the processes involved in pigmentation increases and aging. Further investigations will focus on in vivo assays and on the chemical identification of the major active components responsible for whitening and anti-aging activity in the screened efficacious extracts.

Cytotoxic Activities of Indigenous Plant Extracts in Cultured Human Cancer Cells

  • Min, Hye-Young;Park, Hyen-Joo;Kim, Young-Leem;Lee, Eun-Jin;Hwang, Hye-Jin;Park, Eun-Jung;Lee, Sang-Kook
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • 제8권4호
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    • pp.170-172
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    • 2002
  • In continuous efforts for discovery of novel potent antitumor agents from natural products, fifty-seven methanolic extracts derived from indigenous Korean plants were primarily evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activity in cultured human lung (A549) and colon (Col2) cancer cells. As a result, 16 plant extracts were found to be active against A549 cells and 15 extracts were active against Col2 cells in the criteria of $IC_{50}$<$50\;{\mu}g/ml$. In particular, the extracts of Calystegia soldanella $(IC_{50}$<$8.0\;{\mu}g/ml\;in\;A549;IC_{50}=27.4\;{\mu}g/ml\;in\;Col2)$, Heloniopsis orientalis $(IC_{50}=4.6\;{\mu}g/ml\;in\;A549; IC_{50}=4.5\;{\mu}g/ml\;in\;Col2)$, and Thuja koraiensis $(IC_{50}=1.2\;{\mu}g/ml\;in\;A549;IC_{50}=0.6\;{\mu}g/ml\;in\;Col2)$ showed a potent cytotoxic activity. Further study for the identification of active compounds from these lead extracts might be warranted.

비선형 파괴역학 파라메터(J-적분)에 의한 강섬유보강 고강도콘크리트의 파괴인성 평가 (Evaluation of Fracture Toughness for Steel Fiber Reinforced High Strength Concrete by Non-linear Fracture Mechanics Parameter(J-integral))

  • 구봉근;김태봉
    • 대한토목학회논문집
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.25-37
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    • 1993
  • 본 논문은 강섬유보강 콘크리트의 인성을 평가하기 위하여 비선형 파괴역학 파라메터의 하나인 J적분이 최대하중점 파괴기준이 적용될 때 휨시험으로부터 하중-처짐곡선으로부터 간편하게 사용될 수 있음을 설명하고, 강섬유로 보강된 고강도콘크리트를 대상으로 노치를 가진 휨시험편을 제작하여 3점 재하실험을 실시하고, 그것으로부터 $J_{IC}$와 선형파괴역학 파라메터인 $K_{IC}$$G_{IC}$를 얻고 각각을 비교 고찰하였다. 그 결과, 강섬유보강 콘크리트의 파괴인성을 평가하기 위해서는 $J_{IC}$$K_{IC}$$G_{IC}$보다 더 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 강섬유 혼입률 0.5% 이하에서는 고강도콘크리트의 인성의 증진효과가 거의 없었으나, 섬유혼입률 1.0% 이상에서는 $J_{IC}$가 뚜렸한 증가를 보이고 있어 콘크리트의 개선된 인성특성을 잘 나타내고 있었으며. $K_{IC}$$G_{IC}$는 그렇지 못하였다. 그러나, $J_{IC}$의 정량화에 이용하는 공시체의 크기는 $J_{IC}$의 계산에 필요한 최대강도점에서 포텐셜에너지의 변동이 적고 시험편의 취급도 간편한 공시체의 선택이 필요하며, $J_{IC}$ 의 실험적 평가에 의해서 얻어지는 결과는 최대하중점에서 얻어짐으로 인하여 최대하중점의 선정에 아주 크게 좌우되는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 따라서, 강섬유 보강 콘크리트와 같은 비균질(非均質) 재료(材料)의 경우에는 균열의 진전과정(進展過程)이 불규칙적이므로 균열 발생점을 바르게 찾아내는 측정기술(測定技術)과 정도상(程度上)외 문제점을 포함하여, 파괴인성에 대한 좀 더 바람직한 평가방법 등이 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

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Induction of Potent Antigen-specific Cytotoxic T Cell Response by PLGA-nanoparticles Containing Antigen and TLR Agonist

  • Lee, Young-Ran;Lee, Young-Hee;Kim, Ki-Hyang;Im, Sun-A;Lee, Chong-Kil
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.30-33
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    • 2013
  • Previously we showed that biodegradable nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) together with ovalbumin (OVA) were efficient at inducing MHC-restricted presentation of OVA peptides in dendritic cells. The CTL-inducing activities of the nanoparticles were examined in the present study. Nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG ODN together with OVA were prepared using biodegradable polymer poly(D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid), and then were opsonized with mouse IgG. The nanoparticles were injected into the tail vein of mice, and 7 days later the OVA-specific CTL activities were measured using an in vivo CTL assay. Immunization of mice with the nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG ODN together with OVA elicited potent OVA-specific CTL activity compared to those containing OVA only. In accordance with these results, nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG ODN together with OVA exerted potent antitumor activity in mice that were subcutaneously implanted with EG7.OVA tumor cells. These results show that encapsulation of poly-IC or CpG ODN together with antigen in biodegradable nanoparticles is an effective approach for the induction of potent antigen-specific CTL responses in vivo.

고속하중을 받는 다방향복합적층판의 층간파괴에너지에 미치는 굽힘탄성계수와 섬유가교의 효과 (Effects of Flexural Modulus and Fiber Bridging on the Interlaminar Fracture Energy of Multidirectional Composite Laminates under High Rate Loading)

  • 최낙삼
    • Composites Research
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    • 제12권5호
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    • pp.40-53
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    • 1999
  • 저속시험 및 약 11.4m/s까지의 고속시험을 받는 다방향 탄소섬유/에폭시 복합적층판의 층간파괴거동에 대해 양외팔보(DCB)시험편을 이용하여 연구했다. 모드I의 하중을 1.0m/s이상으로 가한 결과 하중-시간곡선에 동적효과가 발생하여, 시험속도에 비례하는 단순관게식으로 예상되는 것보다 더 큰 균열속도가 나타났다. 시험편 개구변위와 균열길이만을 사용하는 수정된 선형보해석식은 동적인 층간파괴에너지$G_{IC}$를 평가하기 위해 유효했다. 또한 굽힘탕선계수의 실측값은 시험속도의 증가에 다라 증가했는데, 이를 $G_{IC}$의 평가시에 고려했다. 시험속도가 1.0m/s까지 증가할 때, 균열개시 및 정지시의 $G_{IC}$값은 변화가 없었으나, 11.4m/s의 속도에서 최대 GIC값은 섬유가교효과의 증대로 크게 증가했다. 또한 초기균열길이가 길수록 고속시의 최대GIC값은 저하했다.

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섬유강화 복합재의 $G_ {IC}$ 결정을 위한 일인자방법 (Determination of Mode I Fracture Toughness of Fiber Reinforced Composites by the Elastic Work Factor)

  • 이경엽;고승기
    • 대한기계학회논문집A
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    • 제20권11호
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    • pp.3491-3497
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    • 1996
  • The work factor approach was applied to determine $G_ {IC}$ of fiber reinforced composites (AS4/3501) from a single unidirectional (0-deg) DCB specimen. Elastic work factors of DCB specimen for three different symmetrical staking sequences were derived from a simple bending theory and a finite element method. The results showed that elastic work factors calculated from both methods were comparable each other. In particular, the elastic work factor of DCB specimen with symmetrical stacking sequence is independent of stacking sequence. The $G_ {IC}$ determined from the work factor approach was compared with that determined by the compliance method. The results showed that the work factor approach and the compliance method produce comparable results of $G_ {IC}$. Thus, $G_ {IC}$ can be determined from a single DCB specimen using the work factor approach.