• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.264-271
• /
• 2007

The inorganic pigments of $Fe_2O_3-CoO-Cr_2O_3-MnO_2$ were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. $FeCl_3,\;CoCl_2,\;CrCl_3\;and\;MnCl_2$ are used for the starting raw materials, and 2 N-KOH for precipitator. $MnCl_2$ is secured with 10 mole%, and 6 composition ratios are used with three ingredients to synthesize the pigments. The samples were calcined at $1350^{\circ}C/1.5h$. The resulting pigments were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and UV spectrophotometer. 6wt% pigments were applied to lime glaze and lime-barium glaze respectively firing at $1260^{\circ}C$ for oxidation atmosphere and $1240^{\circ}C$ for reduction one. The results of color analysis by using UV spectrophotometer showed black, bluish black and dark grayish green.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.54 no.5
• /
• pp.579-581
• /
• 2010

Solid silica supported ferric chloride ($SiO_2-FeCl_3$) catalyzed one-step synthesis of various benzimidazoles from o-phenylenediamine and aldehydes using $H_2O_2$ as the oxidant. The salient features of this method are simple and convenient procedure, easy purification and shorter reaction times.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.325-331
• /
• 2015

The experimental results of the characteristics of aluminum based and ferric based coagulants for the Nakdong River water showed that the main hydrolysis species contained in alum and $FeCl_3$ are monomeric species of 98% and 93.3%, respectively. The PACl of r=1.2 produced by the addition of base contained 31.2% of polymeric Al species and the PACl of r=2.2 contained 85.0% of polymeric Al species, as showing more polymeric Al species with increasing r value. Coagulation tests using Al(III) and Fe(III) salts coagulants for the Nakdong River water showed that the coagulation effectiveness of turbidity and organic matter was high in the order of $FeCl_3$ > PACl (r=2.2) > PACl (r=1.2) > alum. $FeCl_3$ has showed better flocculation efficiency than Al(III) salts coagulants. In addition, in case of Al(III) coagulants, the Al(III) coagulants of higher basicity, which contained more polymeric Al species, resulted in better coagulation efficiency for both turbidity and organic matter removed. The optimum pH range for all of the coagulants investigated was around pH 7.0 under the experimental pH range of 4.0~9.5. Especially, the highest basicity PACl (r=2.2) and $FeCl_3$ were considered as more appropriate coagulants for the removal of turbidity in the case of raw water exhibiting higher pH.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.35-36
• /
• 2006

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.205-210
• /
• 2018

In this study, we investigated coagulants such as polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and ferric chloride ($FeCl_3$) and the combination of a coagulant and powdered activated carbon (PAC) for the removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from fish processing effluent to reduce membrane fouling in microfiltration. The efficiency of each pretreatment was investigated through analyses of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm ($UVA_{254}$). Membrane flux and silt density index (SDI) analyses were performed to evaluate membrane fouling; molecular weight distributions (MWD) and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (FEEM) spectroscopy were analyzed to assess DOM characteristics. The results demonstrated that $FeCl_3$ exhibited higher DOC and $UVA_{254}$ removals than PACl for food processing effluent and a combination of $FeCl_3$ and PAC provided comparatively better results than simple $FeCl_3$ coagulation for the removal of DOM from fish processing effluent. This study suggests that membrane fouling could be minimized by proper pretreatment of food processing effluent using a combination of coagulation ($FeCl_3$) and adsorption (PAC). Analyses of MWD and FEEM revealed that the combination of $FeCl_3$ and PAC was more efficient at removing hydrophobic and small-sized DOM.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2010

Chloride-based fluxes such as NaCl-KCl are used in the refining of Al melt. The vapor pressure of the chloride is one of the fundamental pieces of information required for such processes, and is generally high at elevated temperatures. In order to measure the vapor pressure for chlorides, the apparatus for the transpiration method was assembled in the present study. The vapor pressure of $ZnCl_2$ and $FeCl_2$, which is related with the process of aluminum refining and the recovery of useful elements from iron and steel industry by-products, was also measured. In the measurement of vapor pressure by the transpiration method, the powder of $ZnCl_2$ or $FeCl_2$ in a alumina boat was loaded in the uniform zone of the furnace with a stream of Ar. The weight loss of $ZnCl_2$ and $FeCl_2$ after holding was measured by changing the flow rate of Ar gas (10 sccm -230 sccm), and the partial pressures of $ZnCl_2$ and $FeCl_2$ were calculated. The partial pressures within a certain range were found to be independent of the flow rate of Ar at different temperatures. The vapor pressures were measured in the temperature range of 758-901K for $ZnCl_2$ and 963-983K for $FeCl_2$. The measured results agreed well with those in the literature.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2001

A laboratory experiment was performed to invstigate the nitrate removal using FeCl$_3$ -treated activated carbon. Iron chloride(III) was coated onto the surface of activated carbon. The removal efficiency of nitrate was increased with increasing of FeCl$_3$ was used for coating material. About 22~26mg of Fe per unit g of activated carbon was adsorbed. The nitrate removal was not affected by the pH under the experiment range of pH, but the pH value in solution decrease to 3.5~4.0 after reaction. The removal efficiency of nitrate was increased with increasing of dosage of adsorbents. Ammonia was not detected and the Fe concentration as low as 0.22mg/$\ell$ was desorbed from the adsorbents. The adsorbents was regenerated using KCl solution, and recovery was 76.6% at 1 M of KCl. The adsorption of nitrate by FeCl$_3$-treated activated carbon followed the Freundlich isotherm equation and the Freundlich constant, 1/n, was 0.346. These results showed that the FeCl$_3$-treated activated carbon could serve as the basis of a useful nitrate removal.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.107-113
• /
• 1998

Ar하에서 trans-FeHCl(dppe)2, 1을 4-chlorobutyronitrile에 녹이면, 착물 trans-[FeH(NCCH2CH2CH2Cl)(dppe)2]Cl, 2가 생성되고, 2는 NaBF4와 반응하여 착물 trans-[FeH(NCCH2CH2CH2Cl)(dppe)2][BF4], 3로 변환된다. 착물 3의 결정학 자료: 단사정계 공간군 P21/c, a=13.540(2) , b=17.058(3) , c=21.853(4) , β=90.15(1)o, Z=4, R(wR2)=0.0524(0.1239).

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.330-336
• /
• 2009

Purpose: We established radiolabeling conditions of NOTA and DOTA with a generator-produced PET radionuclide $^{68}$Ga and studied in vitro characteristics such as stability, serum protein binding, octanol/water distribution, and interference with other metal ions. Materials and Methods: Various concentrations of NOTA 3HCl and DOTA 4HCl were labeled with 1 mL $^{68}$GaCl$_3$ (0.18$\sim$5.75 mCi in 0.1 M HCl in various pH. NOTA 3HCl (0.373 mM) was labeled with $^{68}$GaCl$_3$(0.183$\sim$0.232 mCi/0.1 M HCl 1.0 mL) in the presence of CuCl$_2$, FeCl$_2$, InCl$_3$, FeCl$_3$, GaCl$_3$, MgCl$_2$ or CaCl$_2$ (0$\sim$6.07 mM) at room temperature. The labeling efficiencies of $^{68}$Ga-NOTA and $^{68}$Ga-DOTA were checked by ITLC-SG using acetone or saline as mobile phase. Stabilities, protein bindings, and octanol distribution coefficients of the labeled compounds also were investigated. Results: $^{68}$Ga-NOTA and $^{68}$Ga-DOTA were labeled optimally at pH 6.5 and pH 3.5, respectively, and the chelates were stable for 4 hr either in the reaction mixture at room temperature or in the human serum at 37$^{\circ}C$. NOTA was labeled at room temperature while DOTA required heating for labeling. $^{68}$Ga-NOTA labeling efficiency was reduced by CuCl$_2$, FeCl$_2$, InCl$_2$, FeCl$_3$ or CaCl$_3$, however, was not influenced by MgCl$_2$ or CaCl$_2$. The protein binding was low (2.04$\sim$3.32%). Log P value of $^{68}$Ga-NOTA was -3.07 indicating high hydrophilicity. Conclusion: We found that NOTA is a better bifunctional chelating agent than DOTA for $^{68}$Ga labeling. Although, $^{68}$Ga-NOTA labeling is interfered by various metal ions, it shows high stability and low serum protein binding.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.65-68
• /
• 2000

A $\mu-oxo$ diiron(III) complex and two bis( $\mu-alkoxo)$ diiron(III) complexes with biomimetic tripodal ligand containing mixed N/O donor atoms were synthesized using a mononuclear iron(III) complex as starting material. Depending on the amounts and kinds of bases used, we obtained various kinds of diiron (III) complexes. The reaction of $[$Fe^{III}$(Hbbea)Cl_2]Cl$, 1, with an equivalent amount of $KO_2$ or NaOAc produced $[$Fe^{III}$_2O(Hb-bea)_2Cl_2]Cl_2$, 2. An additional equivalent amount of NaOBz or NaOAc converts complex 2 to complex 3 or complex 4 depending on the base used. The addition of two equivalent amounts of NaOBz orNaOAc directly converts complex 1 to $[$Fe^{III}$_2(bbea)_2(OBz)_2]Cl_2$, 3, or $[$Fe^{III}$_2(bbea)_2(OAc)_2]Cl_2$, 4, depending on the base used. Crystal data are as follows: [$Fe^{III}_2O(Hbbea)_2Cl_2]Cl_2$, 2: monoclinic space group $$P2_1/n$$, a = 8.421 (1) $\AA$, b = 18.416 (2) $\AA$, c = 13.736 (1) $\AA$, $\beta$ = 104.870 $(7)^{\circ}$, V = 2058.9 (4) $\AA^3$, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0469 and wR2 = 0.1201 for reflections with I > 2 ${\sigma}$(I).