• 공업화학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.172-178
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• 1992

$F^{3+}(FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O)$을 광증감제로 하여 Chitosan 필름에 아크릴로니트릴 단량체를 수용액상에서 자외선 조사하여 그라프트 공중합시켰다. 그라프트 공중합체의 확인은 IR 스펙트럼과 전자 현미경으로 행하였다. 단량체의 농도, 광증감제의 농도, 중합반응시간, 중합반응온도 등 여러 중합반응의 파라미터를 조사하였다. 단량체의 농도와 광증감제의 농도가 증가할수록 퍼센트 그라프팅은 증가하였으며 중합반응시간과 중합반응온도가 증가하여도 퍼센트 그라프팅은 증가하였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.463-474
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• 2010

In this study, chemical coagulation conditions for treating combined sewer overflow(CSO) occurred during rainy season were evaluated by jar tests with aluminum sulfate[$Al_2(SO_4)_3{\cdot}17H_2O$] and ferric chloride[$FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$]. The raw domestic sewage sampled from the primary sedimentation tank at a local sewage treatment plant was filtered through $150{\mu}m$ sieve before using. Point of zero charge(PZC) for various dose of aluminum sulfate occurred at pH 5.8-6.5, while for ferric chloride occurred at pH 5.3-6.0 in term of streaming current(SC) values. Charge neutralization ability of aluminum sulfate was bigger than that of ferric chloride. Optimum pH and dose of aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride were 6.2, 0.438mM and 5.8, 0.925mM, respectively. Removal efficiencies of TCOD, turbidity, SS and TP were 75, 97, 95, 96% with aluminum sulfate and 74, 96, 98, 99% with ferric chloride at their optimum coagulation conditions. More efficient removal of SS, TP and small particles was possible with ferric chloride at optimum coagulation conditions. Both SC values and COD removal started to increase where soluble phosphorus was completely removed.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.158-165
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dyeing property and ultraviolet-cut ability on silk 100% and nylon 100% fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts. This study was investigated K/S values, surface color, washing fastness, dry cleaning fastness and ultraviolet-cut ability of the silk and nylon fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts under the various dyeing conditions. As mordanting were used Tin(II) Chloride dihydrate $(SnCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O)$, Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate$(CuSO_5{\cdot}5H_2O)$, Iron(II)Chloride$(FeC_2{\cdot}4H_2O)$. pH was adjusted by sodium carbonate$(Na_2CO_3)$ and formic acid(HCOOH). The optimum dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and pH of the silk fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts were $90^{\circ}C$, 100min, and in the nylon fabrics were $90^{\circ}C$, 45min. It were colored(munsell value) 6.4Y 7.5/4.1 in the silk fabrics and colored 4.3Y 6.6/5.9 in the nylon fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts. Washing fastness and dry-cleaning fastness in the silk and nylon fabrics dyed with mordanting agent improved in $4{\sim}5$ grade. UV-A test showed that nylon fabrics a high rate of 92% with Rhus verniciflua extracts.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.613-617
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• 2010

Ferro-Nickel slag is one of the by-products in Ferro-Nickel manufacturing process. The slag is composed of $SiO_2$, MgO, $Fe_2O_3$ and others. But the slag has been buried at landfill despite having valuable elements. This study tried to extract Mg ion and fabricate Mg compound from ferro-nickel slag using hydrochloric acid solution. Mg ion was extracted with Si, Fe and other ions in HCl solution. So reprocess was needed for gaining high purity Mg ion. It was thought that Si ion or $SiO_2$ precipitated in HCl solution and removed from solution in filtering process. Fe ion converted into $Fe(OH)_3$ after reacted with $NH_4OH$ and precipitated in HCl solution. After these process, the filtrate was composed of high purity Mg ion. $MgCl_2{\cdot}NH_4Cl{\cdot}6H_2O$ was obtained through drying of filtrate and this product was changed into MgO by burning process ($600^{\circ}C$-30 min). That is, 1st material or solution for manufacturing 2nd product was fabricated using acid dissolution method and other treatments.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2004

본 시험은 깔짚에 3가지 화학제재($FeSO_4,\;AlCl_3\;+\;CaCO_3$ 및 $KMnO_4$)를 처리하였을 때 육계 생산성에 대한 영향과 계사내 암모니아, 이산화탄소 발생량에 대한 6주 동안의 변화와 저감 효과를 규명하기 위해서 수행하였다. 사양시험은 육계 초생추 총 96수(6처리$\times$4반복$\times$4수)를 공시하여 42일 동안 실시하였다. 화학제재는 깔짚 kg당 $FeSO_4$ $\cdot$ $7H_2O$ 200 g, $AlCl_3$ $\cdot$ $6H_2O$ 200 g + $CaCO_3$ 50 g 및 $KMnO_4$ 비율로 top dressing하였으며 대조구는 화학제재를 첨가하지 않았다. 육계 생산성은 화학제재 처리구와 대조구 간에 유의차가 없었다. 그러나 대조구와 비교한 $FeSO_4$와 $AlCl_3$+$CaCO_3$ 처리구의 암모니아 발생량은 6주째에서 각각 $91\%$와 $53\%$가 감소되었고(P<0.05), $KMnO_4$ 처리구의 암모니아 발생량은 대조구보다 6주째에서 $69\%$ 감소되어 통계적 유의차를 보였다(P<0.05). 깔짚에서 생성된 이산화탄소 발생량은 $AlCl_3+CaCO_3$와 $KMnO_4$ 처리구가 대조구와 비교할 때 6주째에서 각각 $59\%$와 $65\%$ 감소되었다(P<0.01). 결론적으로 깔짚에 화학제재를 처리했을 경우 암모니아와 이산화탄소 가스 발생량은 현저하게 감소되며, 육계생산성에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2007

The nutritional medium requirement for biosurfactant production by Bacillus licheniformis K51 was optimized. The important medium components, identified by the initial screening method of Plackett-Burman, were $H_3PO_4,\;CaCl_2,H_3BO_3$, and Na-EDTA. Box-Behnken response surface methodology was applied to further optimize biosurfactant production. The optimal concentrations for higher production of biosurfactants were (g/l): glucose, $1.1;NaNO_3,\;4.4;MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O,\;0.8;KCl,\;0.4;CaCl_2,\;0.27;H_3PO_4,\;1.0ml/l;\;and\;trace elements\;(mg/l):H_3BO_3,\;0.25;CuSO_4,\;0.6;MnSO_4,\;2.2;Na_{2}MoO_4,\;0.5;ZnSO_4,\;6.0;FeSO_4,\;8.0;CoCL_2,\;1.0;$ and Na-EDTA, 30.0. Using this statistical optimization method, the relative biosurfactant yield as critical micelle dilution (CMD) was increased from $10{\times}\;to\;105{\times}$, which is ten times higher than the non-optimized rich medium.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1385-1390
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• 2010

Repeated additions of untreated slurry to soil affected ecology and caused high levels of heavy metal in soil and ground water. The objective of this study was to evaluate heavy metal from hanwoo slurry with ferrous sulfate ($FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$), aluminum sulfate [$Al_2(SO_4)_3{\cdot}14H_2O$, alum] and aluminum chloride ($AlCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$) as a way to improve environmental management in hanwoo industry. The treatment rates, which were incorporated totally within the hanwoo slurry, were 1.0 g and 1.5 g of ferrous sulfate, alum and aluminum chloride/25 g of hanwoo slurry. The various rates of chemical additives significantly increased dry matter (9.98~13.94%) and decreased pH (3.48~6.52) compared with the controls. The use of chemical additives decreased Fe (11~29%), Al (7~12%), Zn (13~36%), and Cu (4~32%) contents, except for Fe in hanwoo slurry with ferrous sulfate and Al in hanwoo slurry with alum and aluminum chloride. In addition, the reduction in heavy metal should be associated with reduction in pH. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that alum and aluminum chloride additives at rate of 1.5 g were cost-effective management practice that significantly reduces heavy metal from hanwoo slurry, while it may be improved environmental management.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.26-35
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• 2013

Outbreak of animal infectious diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, avian influenza are becoming prevalent worldwide. For prevent the further infection, tremendous numbers of the infected or culled stocks are buried around farm. This burial method can generate a wide range of detrimental components such as leachate, nutrient, salt, and pathogenic bacteria, consequently. In this study, for the stabilization of livestock carcasses leachate, advanced oxidation processes utilizing the Fenton reaction was investigated in lab-scale experiments for the treatment for $COD_{Cr}$ of livestock carcass leachate. $COD_{Cr}$ reduction by the Fenton oxidation was investigated response surface methodology using the Box-Begnken methods were applied to the experimental results. A central composite design was used to investigate the effects of the independent variables of pH ($x_1$), dosage of $FeCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ ($x_2$) and dosage of $H_2O_2$ ($x_3$) on the dependent variables $COD_{Cr}$ concentration ($y_1$). A 1 M NaOH and $H_2SO_4$ was using for pH control, $FeCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ was used as iron catalyst and NaOH was used for Fenton reaction. The optimal conditions for Fenton oxidation process were determined: pH, dosage of $FeCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ and dosage of $H_2O_2$ were 3, 0.6 g (0.0151 M) and 7 mL(0.259 M), respectively. Statistical results showed the order of significance of the independent variables to be pH > initial concentration of ferrous ion > initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2014

본 논문에서 보존처리 한 책은 1935년 일본사에서 발행된 "위인최후(偉人最後)の언엽집(言葉集)"이다. 1900년대 초반의 책들은 대부분이 산성지로 되어있어 책의 산도가 높고 스테이플로 인한 갈변현상이 심하다. 본 시료도 갈변현상이 관찰되었으며, 책의 pH가 3.2로 매우 낮았다. 스테이플에 의한 갈변 이외에 종이 전체의 색이 많이 변하였으며, 종이 자체의 산성도로 인하여 종이가 바스러지는 현상이 보였다. 스테이플 철심을 제거한 후 건식, 습식클리닝을 행하여 오염물을 제거하였다. 가볍게 프레스하여 종이를 건조시킨 후, 미농지($4g/m^2$)를 사용하여 속지와 겉 표지를 배접하여 보강처리를 하였다. 본 논문에서는 스테이플 심을 대신하여 실이나 종이로 다시 묶는 기존의 보존처리 방법과 다르게 기존의 스테이플과 유사한 철심을 만들어 원래의 자리에 복원하는 작업을 하였다. 복원 하기 위해 스테이플의 두께와 비슷한 철사를 사용하였고, 착색액 ($H_2O$, $C_2H_5OH$, $CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$, $FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$)에 넣어 부식된 스테이플 심과 유사한 색으로 착색하였다. 마지막으로 20%의 paraloid B-72로 방식처리를 하여 차후의 부식을 예방하였다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVI)
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• pp.272-276
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• 2005

음식물 폐기물을 3단계 메탄발효 공정을 이용하여 처리하였을 때 배출되는 발효폐액은 거의 액상으로 고농도의 sCOD, T-N and $NH_{3}-N$를 함유하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 3단계 메탄 발효 후 최종 유출되는 고농도의 유기성 폐수를 물리${\cdot}$화학적 응집 및 침전을 이용하여 전처리 한 후 고효율 자외선/광촉매 시스템을 이용하여 후속 처리를 하고자 하였다. $FeCl_{3}$를 이용하여 전처리하였을 때 최적 pH 및 농도는 4와 2000 mg/L로 52.6%의 COD제거율을 보였다. 고효율 자외선/광촉매 시스템의 경우 24시간 동안 COD는 2890 mg/L에서 184 mg/L로 감소하였으며, T-N은 2496 mg/L에서 914 mg/L로 감소하였다.