• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.120-123
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• 1998

Based on the co-linearity in the Triticeae, comparative RFLP analysis of 2M chromosome of Ae. comosa Sibth et Sm. was performed with 2MS and 2M additional lines of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring. Among the wheat RFLP probes conserved in the short arms of wheat chromosome 2, those above psr912 were located on the long arms of 2M in Aegilops comosa. The rest probes on the short arm and all the probe sequences on the long arm of group 2 chromosome in wheat were conserved on the equivalent chromosomal position in Aegilops comosa. So, it is apparent that some chromosomal segment from the short arm had been transferred to long arm while reconstructing 2M chromosome relative to wheat chromosomes. The break-point was located between psr912 and psr131 of the short arm. This rearrangement of chromosome 2M might be a molecular evidence of the M genome speciation from an ancestral type.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1299-1304
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• 2007

New sulfur functionalized cyclopentadiene ligands, 1-[2-(thioanisole)]-2,5-dimethylcyclopentadiene (3), 1-[2- (thioanisole)]-2,3,5-trimethylcyclopentadiene (4), and 1-[2-(thioanisole)]-2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopentadiene (5), were prepared. In these ligands, the S-donor atom is connected to a cyclopentadiene ring by a rigid phenylene spacer. CpCo(III)-diiodo half-sandwich complexes (6-8) were obtained from reaction the ligands (3- 5) with Co2(CO)8, followed by treatment of I2. Substitution reaction of CpCo(III)-diiodo complexes with MeLi yielded the corresponding CpCo(III)-dimethyl complexes (9-11). Further transformation to the corresponding cationic cobalt complexes (12-14) were achieved by reaction of the CpCo(III)-dimethyl complexes with HB(ArF)4·2Et2O and trapping with CD3CN. The new sulfur functionalized cyclopentadiene ligands having a rigid phenylene spacer and the corresponding cobalt complexes were characterized by 1H, 13C and 19F NMR spectroscopy. The diiodo Complex 6 was also characterized by a single crystal X-ray diffraction method.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.657-665
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• 1995

The oxidation of various benzyl ethers and benzyl alkyl ethers to benzoates has been studied in two-phase system of $CH_3CO_2Et$ and aqueous NaOCl (6.6 mol eq.). The oxidant N-oxo-4-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidium bromide (N-oxoammonium salt) was prepared in situ and recycled by addition of 4-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (0.03 mol eq., 4-methoxy-TEMPO), co-catalyst KBr (0.03mol eq.) and second oxidant NaOCl. Thus the catalytic amount of 4-methoxy-TEMPO was used. An adjustment of the pH value of below 8.0 was also required for this reaction with 2.5 hr of reaction time at 0∼5$^{\circ}C$. Under these conditions benzyl ethers were oxidized to benzoates. The selectivity of oxidation of benzyl alkyl ethers is dependent on the acidity of hydrogen and steric effect of alkyl group.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.306-313
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• 2019

It is important to identify the most suitable anesthetic agent that has minimal side effects to be able to control and perform surgeries on bears. In this study, we examined and compared the induction and recovery times as well as the physiological changes occurring during anesthesia induced by medetomidine-zolazepam/tiletamine (MZT) and xylazine-zolazepam/tiletamine (XZT) at general anesthesia for laparoscopic salpingectomy in 326 female Asiatic black bears. The body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and levels of PaO₂ and EtCO₂ were the physiological changes measured during surgical procedures in female bears after anesthesia. In addition, the levels of pO₂, pCO₂, and sO₂ were measured using a portable blood gas analyzer. To induce recovery from anesthesia, bears anesthetized with MZT were intravenously administered atipamezole and bears anesthetized with XZT were intravenously administered yohimbine. The combination MZT, at dosages of 0.019 ± 0.001 mg/kg for medetomidine and 1.4 ± 0.1 mg/kg for ZT, or the combination XZT, at dosages of 2.0 ± 0.1 mg/kg for xylazine and 3.0 ± 0.1 mg/kg for ZT, proved to be reliable and effective in anesthetizing Asiatic black bears for a 40-min handling period for routine clinical procedures. The average anesthesia induction times were 16.5 ± 0.95 min for the bears in the MZT group and 12.0 ± 0.44 min for those in the XZT group. A significant difference was noted between the two drugs (P < 0.001) in terms of the average anesthesia induction time. The anesthesia induction time was shorter for bears with lower body weights than those with higher body weights (P < 0.05). The recovery time of MZT was significantly faster than that of XZT (11.3 ± 0.45 min vs. 18.5 ± 0.83 min) (P < .001). The bears anesthetized with MZT exhibited lower cardiopulmonary suppression than those anesthetized with XZT (P < 0.05). The body temperatures and EtCO₂ of bears in the M ZT group were significantly lower than those in the XZT group as time progressed after anesthesia (P < 0.05). The average pO₂ before the bears were supplied with oxygen was 64.8 ± 3.7 mmHg, but it increased to 211.5 ± 42.5 mmHg afterwards (P < 0.001). In conclusion, our results indicate that bears anesthetized with MZT have longer anesthesia induction time, shorter recovery time, slower heart and respiratory rates, and lower body temperatures and EtCO₂ than those anesthetized with XZT. These findings suggest that XZT is preferable to MZT, warranting further research on its uses and clinical responses in bears.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.553-559
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• 1998

cDNA of human thrombopoietin (hTPO) amplified by polymerase chain reaction from a cDNA library of human fetal liver was cloned. EPO-like domains ($hTPO_{153} \;or\; hTPO_{l63})\; of\; hTPO(hTPO_{332}$) were expressed in Escherichin coli using several kinds of expression systems, such as ompA secretion, thioredoxin fusion, and the $P_L$ and T7 expression systems. To obtain $hTPO_{153}$ in soluble form, $hTPO_{153}$ cDNA was fused in-frame behind the gene encoding ompA signal sequence and thioredoxin protein. When fused with either of the genes, $hTPO_{153}$ was not expressed to the detectable level. However, a high level expression of the EPO-like domain of hTPO was obtained using the PL and T7 expression system. $hTPO_{153} \;or\; hTPO_{l63} cDNA were subcloned into the pLex and pET-28a(＋) vectors under the control of the inducible$ P_L\;T_7$ promoter, respectively. Proteins expressed using pl.ex vector and pET-28a(＋) detected in insoluble forms with an expression level of about 14% and 9% of total cellular proteins, respectively, and the level of expression was rapidly diminished in 2 h after the maximum level of expression was reached.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.525-528
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• 2003

Spatholobus Suberectus dunn. has been applied to blood stasis in oriental medicine. We selected one potent ethyl acetate subfraction-2 from Spatholobus Suberectus Dunn.(SSD) from anti-metastasis screening. It exerted the cytotoxicity against HT1080 and B16BL6 with the IC50 of 60 ug/ml and also significantly inhibited tumor cell induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA). It effectively didn't inhibit cell adhesion of HT1080 to matrigel coated wells, while it inhibited the cell invasion of HT1080 at the doses of 10, 20, 40 μg/ml by Boyden chamber assay. It effectively suppressed lung metastasis by B16BL6 melanoma in C57BL6 mice. These results indicate that the EtOAc subfraction-2 of Spatholobus Suberectus Dunn. can be applied to caner treatment with anti-metastatic activity.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.157-185
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• 2014

The Kyoto Protocol has extended its life until 2020 by the decision at COP18 in Doha, Qatar in 2012. So has the Kyoto Mechanism of CDM, JI, and ETS. Nonetheless, the sustainability of CDM projects is jeopardized by the recent rule changes in the international emissions trade market such as EU ETS and the price decrease in emission credits. In particular, the domestic CDM projects reducing non-$CO_2$ GHG emissions are being directly affected. This study examines the trend of carbon credit price change in the international market. It also examines how the rule changes in the international emissions trade market have affected domestic non-$CO_2$ CDM projects through which mechanisms. The policy implications drawn from this study is two-fold: it suggests how the government can assist the project developers in utilizing GHG emission reduction technologies and the market in promoting investment environment before the domestic ETS enters into effect in 2015; apart from possible measures within ETS, an additional measures such as bilateral carbon offset system is suggested to help the private sector reduce uncertainty in investment and increase options to choose.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.51-52
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• 1994

High permeability, selectivity and stability are the basic properties also required for membrane gas separations. The $CO_2$ separation by liquid membranes has been developed as a new technique to improve the permeability and selectivity of polymeric membranes. Sirkar et al.(1) have atlempted the hollow-fiber contained liquid membrane technique under four different operational modes, and permeation models have been proposed for all modes. Compared to a conventional liquid membrane, the diffusional resistance decreased by the work of Teramoto et al.(2), who referred to a moving liquid membrane. Recently, Shelekhin and Beckman (3) considered the possibility of combining absorption and membrane separation processes in one integrated system called a membrane absorber. Their analysis could be predicted effectively the performance of flat sheet membrane, however, there are restrictions for considering a flow effect. The gas absorption rate is determined by both an interfacial area and a mass transfer coefficient. It can be easily understood that although the mass transfer coefficients in hollow fiber modules are smaller than in conventional contactors, the substantial increase of the interfacial area can result in a more efficient absorber (4). In order to predict a performance in the general system of hollow-fiber membrane absorber, a gas-liquid mass transfor should be investigated inevitably. The influence of liquid velocity on both a mass transfer and a performance will be described, and then compared with experimental results. A present study is attempted to provide the fundamentals for understanding aspects of promising a hollow-fiber membrane absorber.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2024

Cordyceps militaris L. (C. militaris) has been traditionally used as tonic medicine for metabolic syndrome. Cordycepin, has been reported with immunomodulatory, antitumor, and hepatoprotective effect, is the main extract from C. militaris. This study was conducted to evaluate the alcohol degradation and hepatoprotective effect of cordycepin-enriched C. militaris extract (CM) powder in chronic and binge ethanol (ethanol Lieber-DeCarli diet)-fed male C57BL/6 Mice. Cordycepin-enriched C. militaris extract powder was orally administered once daily at dose levels of 0, 125, 250, and 500 mg·kg^-1·day^-1 for 16 days. For evaluating alcohol degradation, ethanol concentration and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity were measured in serum. Serum ethanol (EtOH) concentration was decreased at CM treated groups, and the activities of ADH and ALDH were increased dose-dependently at CM treated groups compare to EtOH model group. In clinical chemistry, the values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were lower in CM treated groups than those in EtOH model group. Additionally, absolute and relative (to body weight) liver weights were statistically decreased in the CM treated groups compared to the EtOH model group. In conclusion, our study showed that cordycepin-enriched C. militaris extract powder exhibits hepatoprotective effect by upregulating the ADH and ALDH enzyme in an alcoholic liver disease model.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.358-361
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• 2007

The heartwoods of Rhus verniciflua was extracted with $H_2O$ and the concentrated extract was partitioned with $CHCl_3$, EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$, successively. From the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions, four compounds were isolated through the repeated silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. They were determined as sinapyl aldehyde (1), 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (2), 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3) and 2,4-dihydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid (4) on the basis of spectroscopic data, respectively. Among the isolated compounds, sinapyl aldehyde $(34.7{\pm}0.6%)$ and 2,4-dihydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid $(43.8{\pm}0.9%)$ showed the strong antioxidative activity than artificial antioxidant BHT $(14.4{\pm}0.3%)$ in DPPH radical scavenging activity.