• BMB Reports
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2013

To maintain cellular homeostasis against the demands of the extracellular environment, a precise regulation of kinases and phosphatases is essential. In cell cycle regulation mechanisms, activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK1) and cyclin B complex (CDK1:cyclin B) causes a remarkable change in protein phosphorylation. Activation of CDK1:cyclin B is regulated by two auto-amplification loops-CDK1:cyclin B activates Cdc25, its own activating phosphatase, and inhibits Wee1, its own inhibiting kinase. Recent biological evidence has revealed that the inhibition of its counteracting phosphatase activity also occurs, and it is parallel to CDK1:cyclin B activation during mitosis. Phosphatase regulation of mitotic kinases and their substrates is essential to ensure that the progression of the cell cycle is ordered. Outlining how the mutual control of kinases and phosphatases governs the localization and timing of cell division will give us a new understanding about cell cycle regulation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.776-784
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• 1998

연구목적: 폐암은 생불학적 및 병리학적인 특성에 따라 비소세포폐암과 소세포폐암으로 구분되는데 전체폐암의 약 80%가 비소세포폐암으로 국소적인 폐암인 경우 수술적 치료가 절대적 완치 방법인데 조기에 발견하여 광범위한 절제로 치료된 경우에도 환자의 약 50% 정도만이 5년간 생존한다. 확실히 비소세포폐암에서 비슷한 병기의 환자들도 생존 가망성은 상당한 차이를 보인다. 이러한 상황이 보다 정확히 생존 가망성을 예측하고 각각의 환자에게 보다 효율적인 치료를 제공할 수 있게 도울 수 있는 새로운 예측 인자를 밝혀야 하는 필요성이 제기되었다. 정상적인 세포주기 뿐만 아니라 암종의 세포주기에 중요한 역할을 하는 cyclin D계중 하나인 cyclin D1이 세포주기에서 G1기에서 S기로의 전환을 유도하므로써 세포주기를 진행시키는데 유방암, 식도암 및 방광암에서 이의 과발현이 암발생에 중요한 요인이 되다는 보고가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 광범위 절제된 비소세포폐암에서 cyclin D1의 과발현이 예후에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법: 1983년 1월부터 1995년 7월까지 한양대학교 부속병원에서 비소세포폐암으로 진단된 술전 병기 IIIa 이하인 환자 총 81예를 대상으로 치료적 목적으로 광범위 폐절제술을 통해 얻어진 술후 조직에서 cyclin D1에 대한 단클론성 향체를 사용하여 면역조직화화적 염색을 시행하고 더불어 병리조직학적 특정과 임상적 특정, 특히 생존률과의 연관성을 알아보았다. 또한 술후 환자의 예후적 인자를 최소한으로 줄이기 위해 술전에 방사선 치료나 항암제 치료를 받은 환자는 제외하였고 혼합형의 조직학적 진단이 이루어진 경우와 술후 l달 이내에 사망한 경우는 본 연구의 대상에서 제외하였다. 조직병리학적 병기 판정은 TNM 병기 판정 기준에 맞추었고 조직학적 특징은 WHO 표준 기준에 맞추었다. 결 과: Cyclin D1의 발현은 총 81예에서 시행하여 26에에서 발현되어 30.9%의 발현율을 보였고 각각의 조직형이나 병기, 암의 크기에는 통계적 차이를 보이지 않았으나 TNM 병기 판정에 따라 NO와 나머지 N1-3의 두군으로 나누어 비교할 때 cyclin D1에 따른 통계적 의의를 보였고(p=0.035) cyclin D1 양성 발현군의 평균생존기간은 $22.76{\pm}3.507$개월, 음성 발현군의 평균생존기간이 $45.3{\pm}5.64$개월 (p=0.0515)로 생존율과외 상당한 통계적인 연관성의 가능성을 나타내었다. 결 론: 본 연구에서는 여러 가지 세포주기를 직, 간접으로 조절하는 인자중 cyclin D1의 과발현은 비소세포폐암에서 상당히 불량한 예후 인자로 작용할 수 있다고 생각되며 앞으로 보다 초기와 진행된 병기에 따른 cyclin D1의 발현이 예후에 미치는 영향 등 보다 세밀하고 대단위적인 연구가 진행되어 비소세포폐암에서 보다 정확한 치료와 예후를 예측활 수 있는 인자로서의 역할을 밝혀야 한다고 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.419-422
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• 2013

Conventional classifications of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs) are rather unsatisfactory because of the variation in survival within each subgroup. Molecular markers are being found able to predict patient outcome in more and more tumours. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression of the proteins cyclin D1, cyclin E and P53 in GEP-NETs and assess any prognostic impact. Tumor specimens from 68 patients with a complete follow-up were studied immunohistochemically for cyclin D1, cyclin E and P53 expression. High cyclin D1 and cyclin E immunostaining (${\geq}$ 5% positive nuclei) was found in 48 (71%) and 24 (35%) cases, and high P53 staining (${\geq}$ 10% positive nuclei) in 33 (49%). High expression of P53 was more common in gastric neuroendocrine tumors and related to malignant behavior, being associate with a worse prognosis on univariate analysis (RR=1.9, 95%CI=1.1-3.2). High expression of cyclin E was significantly associated with shorter survival in the univariate analysis (RR=2.0, 95%CI=1.2-3.6) and multivariate analysis (RR=2.1, 95%CI=1.1-4.0). We found no significant correlation between the expression of cyclin D1 and any clinicopathological variables. Our study indicated a prognostic relevance for cyclin E and P53 immunoreactivity. Cyclin E may be an independent prognostic factor from the 2010 WHO Classification which should be evaluated in further studies.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2020

이상의 연구 결과로 먹넌출 열매 추출물은 GSK3β 의존성 Cyclin D1 단백질의 분해를 통해 대장암세포의 생육 억제와 관련이 있는 것으로 확인된다. 본 결과는 대장암의 항암제 개발을 위한 소재로 먹넌출 열매의 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.328-334
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• 2017

Background: In this study, we evaluated the anti-cancer activity and potential molecular mechanism of 70% ethanol extracts of the root of Aralia cordata var. continentalis (Kitagawa) Y. C. Chu (RAc-E70) against human colorectal cancer cells. Methods and Results: RAc-E70 suppressed the proliferation of the human colorectal cancer cell lines, HCT116 and SW480. Although RAc-E70 reduction cyclin D1 expression at the protein and mRNA levels, RAc-E70-induced reduction in cyclin D1 protein level occurred more dramatically than that of cyclin D1 mRNA. The RAc-E70-induced downregulation of cyclin D1 expression was attenuated in the presence of MG132. Additionally, RAc-E70 reduced HA-cyclin D1 levels in HCT116 cells transfected with HA-tagged wild type-cyclin D1 expression vector. RAc-E70-mediated cyclin D1 degradation was blocked in the presence of LiCl, a $GSK3{\beta}$ inhibitorbut, but not PD98059, an ERK1/2 inhibitor and SB203580, a p38 inhibitor. Furthermore, RAc-E70 phosphorylated cyclin D1 at threonine-286 (T286), and LiCl-induced $GSK3{\beta}$ inhibition reduced the RAc-E70-mediated phosphorylation of cyclin D1 at T286. Conclusions: Our results suggested that RAc-E70 may downregulate cyclin D1 expression as a potential anti-cancer target through $GSK3{\beta}$-dependent cyclin D1 degradation. Based on these findings, RAc-E70 maybe a potential candidate for the development of chemopreventive or therapeutic agents for human colorectal cancer.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 국제심포지엄
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• pp.115-115
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• 2002

To evaluate the correlations between the expression of cyclin B1 mRNA and protein after stimulation and oocyte activation and development of nuclear transferred mouse embryos, this study was performed. The oocyte activation was induced by 7% ethanol or 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ Ca-ionophore without (single) or with (combined) 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ cycloheximide (CH). Cyclin B1 mRNA and protein in mouse oocytes was evaluated by PCR and western blot. The activation and blastocyst development in both single (P<0.05) and combined (P<0.01) stimulation was higher than in non-activated group. The cyclin B1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly reduced in both single and combined stimulation groups (P<0.05), respectively. Cyclin B1 mRNA expression showed a negative correlation between activation and blastocyst development in both single and combined stimulation groups. And also the expression of cyclin B1 protein showed a negative correlation with between oocyte activation and blastocysts development in both single and combined stimulation groups. In conclusion, it may suggest that single and combined stimulation increases the oocyte activation and blastocyst development of nuclear transferred embryos, because it induces the degradation of cyclin B1 mRNA and protein after activation in enucleated mouse oocytes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.324-330
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• 2017

Objectives: There are only a limited number of studies on cyclin D1 and p63 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and leukoplakia. This study compared cyclin D1 and p63 expression in leukoplakia and OSCC to investigate the possible correlation of both markers with grade of dysplasia and histological grade of OSCC. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 60 cases, of which 30 were diagnosed with OSCC and 30 with leukoplakia, that were evaluated immunohistochemically for p63 and cyclin D1 expression. Protein expression was correlated based on grades of dysplasia and OSCC. Results: Out of 30 cases of OSCC, 23 cases (76.7%) were cyclin D1 positive and 30 cases (100%) were p63 positive. Out of 30 cases of leukoplakia, 21 cases (70.0%) were cyclin D1 positive and 30 (100%) were p63 positive (P<0.05). Conclusion: The overall expression of cyclin D1 and p63 correlated with tumor differentiation, and increases were correlated with poor histological grades, from well-differentiated to poorly-differentiated SCC. Increased cyclin D1 and p63 expression was associated with the severity of leukoplakia. Based on these results cyclin D1 and p63 products can be a useful tool for improved leukoplakia prognosis.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.218-227
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the effect of the extracts from Vaccinium oldhamii on cell proliferation and the regulatory mechanisms of cyclin D1 protein level in human cancer cells. The branch extracts from Vaccinium oldhamii (VOB) showed higher inhibitor effect against the cell growth than leave extracts (VOL) and fruit extracts (VOF) in human colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, non-small lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and liver cancer cells. In addition, VOB decreased cyclin D1 level at both protein and mRNA level. MG132 treatment attenuated VOB-mediated cyclin D1 downregulation. A point mutation of threonine-286 to alanine attenuated cyclin D1 degradation by VOB. In addition, the inhibition of nuclear export by leptomycin B (LMB) attenuated cyclin D1 degradation by VOB. But, the treatment of PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor), SB203580 (p38 inhibitor), SP600125 (JNK inhibitor), LiCl ($GSK3{\beta}$ inhibitor), LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) or BAY 11-7082 ($I{\kappa}K$ inhibitor) did not affect VOB-induced cyclin D1 degradation. In conclusion, VOB induced cyclin D1 degradation through redistribution of cyclin D1 from the nucleus to cytoplasm via T286 phosphorylation of cyclin D1, which resulted in the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1425-1430
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• 2012

Cyclin L2 is a novel member of the cyclin family, recently implicated in the regulation of cell cycle progression and/or transcriptional regulation. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of overexpression on tumor cell growth and chemosensitivity in human gastric cells in vitro. Cyclin L2 was transfected into human gastric cancer cell line BCG823 and expressed with a mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1. The effects and mechanisms of cyclin L2 on cell growth, cell cycling and apoptosis were studied. Compared to control vectors, overexpression of cyclin L2 inhibited the growth of BCG823 cells and enhance their chemosensitivity to fluorouracil, docetaxel and cisplatin. The anti-proliferative effects of cyclin L2 could be due to G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis. Cyclin L2 induced G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis involved upregulation of caspase-3 and down regulation Bcl-2 and survivin. The results indicated that overexpression of cyclin L2 protein may promote efficient growth inhibition and enhance chemosensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents in human gastric cancer cells by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2008

Despite of the importance of the primordial follicle (PMF) recruitment, factors and mechanisms for process are poorly understood. To evaluate expression and role of the follicular transition from PMF to PMF/primary follicles (PMIF) in the present study, we evaluated expression of lats1, lats2, cyclin A1, and cyclin A2 mRNA and protein, and elucidated and role of lats1-cyclin A in the follicular transition from PMF to PRIF. To analysis of differential expression in PMF and PMIF, each stage follicles were collected by day1 and day5 of immuno-compromised rats (ICR) and analyzed by real-time PCR for the genes. For localization of mRNAs and proteins of the genes, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were performed. We confirmed that the lats1, lats2, cyclin A1, and cyclin A2 mRNA were more expressed in PMF than PMIF. Localization of the four genes expression were observed in nuclei of oocytes from the arrested primordial, and in the surrounding granulosa cells of the growing follicles. The mRNA expressions were gradually decreased with follicular development. From immunohistochemistry studies, Cyclin A1 protein expression were observed in oocyte cytoplasmas of early stage follicles, while observed in granulose cells and oocyte nucleoli during growing follicles. This study suggested that the presence of lats gene family might perform negatively regulation of cell proliferation by modulation of the CDC2/Cyclin A complex activity. lats-cyclin A genes in oocytes of the early stage follicles might play a role in the meiotic cell cycle arrest of the primary oocytes at the primordial follicle stage as well as the follicular growth.