• 제목/요약/키워드: $Cr_2 O_3$

검색결과 1,270건 처리시간 0.025초

약용작물(藥用作物)과 그 재배토양(栽培土壤)의 토성별(土性別) 중금속함량(重金屬含量) 분포(分布) (Distribution of Heavy Metal Contents in Medicinal Plants and Soils with Soil Texture)

  • 정구복;김복영;김규식;이종식;류인수
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.158-164
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    • 1996
  • 우리나라에서 재배되고 있는 약용작물인 당귀, 황기, 길경, 작약, 양유, 천궁, 시호 등의 생약재와 약초재배지 토양 254점을 채취하여 재배지의 토성을 분류하고 토성별 토양 및 생약재중 중금속함량을 분석 검토하여 얻어진 내용을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 약용작물 재배지의 토성별 분포비율은 사양토 46.1%, 양토 26.0%, 양질사토 19.3%, 미사질양토 8.6%이었고 중립질인 양질토양(사양토, 양토, 미사질양토)에서 염농도, 유기물, 치환성 Ca 및 Mg함량이 높았던 반면 조립질인 사질토양(양질사토)에서는 유효태 $P_2O_5$함량이 높았다. 2. 토성별 토양의 중금속 함량은 크롬을 제외한 모든 성분이 양질사토보다 양질토양에서 높았다. 3. 당귀 생약재는 사양토에서 카드뮴, 양토에서 구리 및 크롬함량이 각각 높았고, 황기는 사양토에서 납 및 아연, 양토에서 구리 및 크롬함량이 높았다. 4. 길경 생약재는 양질사토에서 납함량이 높았고, 양유는 양질사토에서 아연, 사양토에서 납함량이 각각 높았고 작약은 사양토에서 납함량이 높게 나타났다. 5. 토성별 토양의 중금속함량과 생약재 간의 관계는 구리는 사양토 및 양토에서, 아연은 양토에서, 크롬은 사양토, 양토 및 양질사토에서 각각 유의성 있는 정의 상관을 보였다. 6. 토양 pH와 토양 중 Cd, Pb, Zn 및 Ni함량과는 정의 상관, CU함량과는 부의상관을 보였으며 생약재중 Cu함량과 정의 상관, Cd, Zn 및 Ni함량과는 부의 상관을 보였다.

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오적산(五積散)을 투여한 흰쥐의 뇌중 금속농도변화에 관한 연구 (Brain Metal Level in Ohjeoksan-Treated Rats)

  • 민대기;고성규;이선동;문용
    • 대한예방한의학회지
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.242-257
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    • 2000
  • This study was to investigate the metal accumulation from Ohjeoksan-Decoction to rat brain(Sprague Dawley). 1. In Control group, each metal concentration was within 26.65mg/kg. and in each experimental groups, was within 28.39mg/kg. And there were no significant metal concentration between control and experimental groups. Exceptionally, Cr and Ni level of control group was lower than experimental groups significantly. (p<0.05) and Cr and Ni level of experimental I group was lower than other experimental groups too. (p<0.05). But, Pb level of control group was higher than experimental groups significantly (p<0.05) Pb level of experimental I group was higher than other experimental groups(p<0.01) 2. In non-hazardous, hazardous and total metal concentration, there was no increase tendency in brain according to the high dose of OD(Ohjeoksan-Decoction) intake. Reversely, in experimental groups, hazardous metal concentration was decrease by high OD intake. (P<0.05) 3. Correlation among each metal in brain was various in each groups Briefly under the intake of Ohjeoksan-Decoction, that if very busy herb prescription , this study was defined within safety in brain metal level by P.O. during 10 days. But, there should be a more research about Pb increase by high dose OD intake

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크롬(VI)-4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine에 의한 알코올류의 산화반응과 반응속도에 관한 연구 (A Study for Kinetics and Oxidation Reaction of Alcohols by Cr(VI)-4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine)

  • 김영식;박영조;김영준
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.499-505
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    • 2013
  • 6M-HCl 용매 하에서 헤테로고리 화합물인 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine과 chromium(VI) trioxide의 반응을 통하여 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium chlorochromate[$C_7H_{10}N_2HCrO_3Cl$] 착물을 합성하여, 적외선분광광도법(IR), 유도결합 플라즈마(ICP) 등으로 구조를 확인하였다. 여러 가지 용매 하에서 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium chlorochromate를 이용하여 벤질알코올의 산화반응을 측정한 결과 유전상수(${\varepsilon}$) 값이 큰 용매 즉, 시클로헥센<클로로포름<아세톤$H_2SO_4$)를 이용한 N,N'-디메틸포름아미드 용매 하에서 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium chlorochromate는 벤질 알코올과 그의 유도체들(p-$OCH_3$, m-$CH_3$, H, m-$OCH_3$, m-Cl, m-$NO_2$)을 효과적으로 산화시켰다. 그리고 전자받개 그룹들은 반응속도가 감소한 반면에 전자주개 치환체들은 반응속도를 증가시켰다. 또한 Hammett 반응상수(${\rho}$) 값은 -0.68(303K) 이었다. 그러므로 본 실험에서 알코올의 산화반응 과정은 속도결정단계에서 수소화 전이가 일어나는 메카니즘임을 알 수 있었다.

Quantitative Analysis of Heavy Metals in Packaging Papers

  • Jo, Byoung-Muk;Jeong, Myung-Joon
    • 펄프종이기술
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    • 제39권5호
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    • pp.45-51
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    • 2007
  • This study was carried out to investigate various heavy metal contents in packaging papers by pre-treatments for ICP-ES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry) analysis. Pre-treatment methods of heavy metals in this study include extraction, migration and decomposition methods (dry ashing, $HNO_3-HClO_4-HF,\;HNO_3,\;and\;H_2SO_4-HNO_3$). Test results were compared with conventional extraction (water) and migration (3% acetic acid) methods. The five representative heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb, Cr and Hg) were analyzed. For Cd, Hg, and As, the results were below detection limit of the instrumental technique. It was considered that the migration test was a better method compared to extraction test, but all the decomposition methods showed much higher detection values than the extraction or migration test. In case of recycled corrugated containers, 3% acetic acid solution extracted about 25% of chromium and 30% of lead compared to the content by decomposition methods. Among all decomposition methods, the nitric acid - perchloric acid - hydrofluoric acid treatment brought a slightly higher detection value than others, but there was no significant difference among them except sulfuric acid - nitric acid method.

Butachlor의 4종 담수조류(freshwater algae)에 대한 생장영향 (Effects of Butachlor on Growth of Four Freshwater Algae)

  • 박연기;배철한;김병석;박경훈;이제봉;신진섭;홍순성;조경원;이규승;이정호
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.82-87
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    • 2008
  • 우리나라에서 사용되고 있는 벼재배용 제초제인 butachlor의 담수조류에 대한 생장영향을 알아보고자 녹조류 Selenastrum capriconutum, Scenedesmus subspicatus, Chlorella vulgaris 3종과 규조류 Nitzschia palea 1종에 대해 72시간 생장저해시험(growth inhibition test)을 수행하였다. 시험결과 butachlor에 대한 S. capricornutum, S. subspicatus, C. vulgaris, 그리고 N. palea의 생장율 기준 반수영향농도($EC_{50}$)는 각각 0.0022, 0.019, 8.67 그리고 $4.94\;mg\;L^{-1}$이었고, 무영향농도(NOEC)는 0.0008, 0.0016, 5.34 그리고 $2.92\;mg\;L^{-1}$로 나타나 S. capricornutum가 가장 높은 감수성을 보였다. 양성대조물질인 $K_2Cr_2O_7$에 대한 S. capricornutum, S. subspicatus, C. vulgaris 그리고 N. palea의 생장율 기준 $EC_{50}$은 각각 0.91 0.78, 0.85 그리고 0.57 mg $EC_{50}$이었고, NOEC는 각각 0.2, 0.2, 0.2 그리고 0.18 mg $EC_{50}$였다. butachlor를 논에 살포하였을 때 논물에 전량 용해된 후 배수로를 통해 농수로에 배출될 때를 가정한 환경추정농도(Predicted Environmental Concentration; PEC)에 따른 생장저해율을 계산한 결과, S. capricornutum와 S. subspicatus는 각각 100%와 75%의 생장율 저해를 보였으나 C. vulgaris와 N. palea는 영향이 없었다.

경남소재 일개조선소 근로자의 건강이상소견과 아르곤 용접과의 관련성 (Association between Subjective Distress Symptoms and Argon Welding among Shipyard Workers in Gyeongnam Province)

  • 최우호;진성미;권덕헌;김장락;강윤식;정백근;박기수;황영실;홍대용
    • 한국산업보건학회지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.547-555
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    • 2014
  • Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the association between subjective distress symptoms and argon welding among workers in Gyeongnam Province shipyard. Method: 31 argon and 29 non-argon welding workers were selected as study subjects in order to measure concentrations of personal dust, welding fumes and other hazardous materials such as ZnO, Pb, Cr, FeO, MnO, Cu, Ni, $TiO_2$, MgO, NO, $NO_2$, $O_3$, $O_2$, $CO_2$, CO and Ar. An interviewer-administered questionnaire survey was also performed on the same subjects. The items queried were as follows: age, height, weight, working duration, welding time, welding rod amounts used, drinking, smoking, and rate of subjective distress symptoms including headache and other symptoms such as fever, vomiting and nausea, metal fume fever, dizziness, tingling sensations, difficulty in breathing, memory loss, sleep disorders, emotional disturbance, hearing loss, hand tremors, visual impairment, neural abnormality, allergic reaction, runny nose and stuffiness, rhinitis, and suffocation. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 18. Data are expressed as the mean ${\pm}SD$. An ${\chi}^2$-test and a normality test using a Shapiro wilk test were performed for the above variables. Logistic regression analysis was also conducted to identify the factors that affect the total score for subjective distress symptoms. Result: An association was shown between welding type (argon or non-argon welding) and the total score for subjective distress symptoms. Among the rate of complaining of subjective distress symptoms, vomiting and nausea, difficulty breathing, and allergic reactions were all significantly higher in the argon welding group. Only the concentration of dust and welding fumes was shown to be distributed normally after natural log transformation. According to logistic regression analysis, the correlations of working duration and welding type (argon or non-argon) between the total score of subjective distress symptoms were found to be statistically significant (p=0.041, p=0.049, respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggest that argon welding could cause subjective distress symptoms in shipyard workers.

소백산변성대(小白山變成帶)와 옥방(玉房) 및 상동중석광상내(上東重石鑛床內)의 각섬석질암(角閃石質岩)의 지화학(地化學) 및 성인(成因)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (The Chemistry and Origin of Amphibolitic Rocks in the Sobaegsan Metamorphic Belt and the Ogbang and Sangdong Tungsten Mine Areas, Korea)

  • 소칠섭;김상명
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.147-164
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    • 1975
  • 소백산(小白山) 변성대내(變成帶內)의 옥방(玉房), 선산(善山), 지례(知禮) 및 단성(丹城)일대에 분포하는 각섬석질암(角閃石質岩) 중 옥방지역(玉房地域)의 것은 주변 변성암류(變成岩類)에 상합적(相合的)이며 엽이(葉理)가 잘 발달되어 있고 그외 지역의 것은 심한 화강암화작용(花岡岩化作用)의 영향을 받아 편마암(片磨岩)및 화강암질암내(岡岩質岩內)에 lense 상(狀)의 잔류체(殘留體)로 산출(産出)된다. 본 연구에서는 주로 소백산(小白山) 변성대내(變成帶內)의 각섬석질암(角閃石質岩)옥방중석광상((玉房重石鑛床) 포함)과 그의 경계부에 위치한 옥천지향사대내(沃川地向斜帶內)의 상동광상(上東鑛床)의 염기성변성암(鹽基性變成岩)의 시료를 대상으로 습식(濕式) 및 방출분광분석(方出分光分析)을 수행하여, 24개 주성분(主成分) 및 희유원소(稀有元素)의 정성(定性) 정량적(定量的)인 값을 variation trend와 discriminant function analysis 를 통하여 비교검토함으로써 이들의 성인(成因)을 밝혀보려 하였다. 주성분원소(主成分元素)의 Niggli value를 사용한 각종 도면에서는 화강암화작용(花岡岩化作用)으로 인한 alkali, alumina, 및 silica 등의 증가로 인하여 충분한 data를 얻지못했으나, 연구(硏究) 대상 시료(試料)의 희유원소(稀有元素)들은 alkli, alumina, silica의 증감(增減)에 영향을 받지않아 (도면 12, 13) 성인규명(成因規明)에 만족한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 옥방(玉房), 선산(善山), 지례(知禮) 및 단성지역(丹城地域)의 각섬석질암(角閃石質岩)은 각 도표에서 높은 비율의 Cr, Ni, Co, Ti, Sr 및 V의 값을 가지며 염기성(鹽基性) 화성암(火成岩)의 variation trend를 잘 보여주고, 상동지역(上東地域)의 염기성변성암(鹽基性變成岩)은 낮은 Cr, Ni, Co, Ti, Sr 및 V의 값과 낮은 Niggli mg 값을 가져서 화성(火成), 퇴적(堆積)의 두 특징을 동시에 나타내고 있으나 화성기원의 특징을 더욱 강조하여 준다. 한편 Discriminant function test ($X_1$, $X_2$, $X_3$)에서도 옥방(玉房), 선산(善山), 지체(知體), 단성(丹城)지역의 각섬석질암(角閃石質岩)은 한 개의 시료(試料)를 제외하고는 모두 $X_1$, $X_2$, $X_3$ 중 둘이상이 positive값을 가져 화성기원(火成起源)을 지시해주며 상동광상(上東鑛床)의 것은 하나의 시료는 둘이상의 positive 값 ($X_1$=7.08, $X_2$=0.43, $X_3$=-4.42) 을 나타내고 두 개의 시료는 둘 이상의 negative 값($X_1$=7.66, -8.60, $X_2$=-0.78, -2.13, $X_3$=4.62, -1.00) 을 나타낸다. 또한 기원암(起源岩)의 규명에서 본 연구의 대상이 된 모든 염기성(鹽基性) 변성암(變成岩)이 분출암(憤出岩)및 퇴적암(堆積岩)의 특징인 높은 oxidation ratio (2 $Fe_2O_3{\times}100/2$ $Fe_2O_3+FeO$, in mols)를 가지는 것으로 보아 주성분(主成分) 및 희유원소(稀有元素) 연구(硏究)결과와 비교하여 보면 분출암(憤出岩)에서 유래된 것으로 결론 될 수 있으나 소백산변성암(小白山變成帶)의 경우는 oxidation ratio의 증가가 심한 화강암화작용(花岡岩化作用)의 영향 일수도 있으며 야외산출상태와 현미경기재에서도 분출암(憤出岩)의 잔류증거를 찾지못하였다. 결론적으로 소백산변성대내의 옥방(玉房), 선산(善山), 지체(知體), 단성(丹城)일대의 각섬석질암(角閃石質岩)은 염기성(鹽基性) 관입암(慣入岩)으로부터 유래된 것으로 사료되고, 옥천지향사대내(沃川地向斜帶內)의 상동광상(上東鑛床)일대의 염기성변성암(鹽基性變成岩)은 Kamp (1968)와 Orville (1969)가 취급한 연구 결과에서와 같이 탄산염퇴적물(炭酸鹽堆積物)의 퇴적환경에서 침천한 염기성(鹽基性) tuff로부터 유래된 가능성이 많다.

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공주제일광산 수계에 분포하는 지하수, 지표수, 토양 및 퇴적물의 환경지구화학적 특성과 중금속 오염 (Environmental Geochemistry and Heavy Matel Contamination of Ground and Surface Water, Soil and Sediment at the Kongjujuil Mine Creek, Korea)

  • 이찬희
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제32권6호
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    • pp.611-631
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    • 1999
  • Enviromental geochemisty and heary metal contamination at the Kongjueil mine creek were underaken on the basis of physicohemical properties and mineralogy for various kinds of water (surface, mine and ground water),soil, precipitate and sediment collected of April and December in 1998. Hydrgeochemical composition of the water samples are characterized by relatively significant enricant of Ca+Na, alkiali ions $NO_3$ and Cl inground and surfore water, wheras the mine waters are relatively eneripheral water of the mining creek have the characteristics of the (Ca+Mg)-$(HCO_3+SO_4)$type. The pH of the mine water is high acidity (3.24)and high EC (613$\mu$S/cm)compared with those of surface and ground water. The range of $\delta$D and $\delta^{18}O$ values (relative to SMOW) in the waters are shpwn in -50.2 to -61.6% and -7.0 to -8.6$\textperthousand$(d value=5.8 to 8.7). Using computer program, saturation index of albite, calcite, dolomite in mine water are nearly saturated. The gibbiste, kaolinite and smectite are superaturated in the surface and ground water, respectively. Calculated water-mineral reaction and stabilities suggest that weathing of silicate minerals may be stable kaolinite owing to the continuous water-rock reaction. Geochemical modeling showed that mostly toxic heavy metals may exist larfely in the from of metal-sulfate $(MSO_4\;^2)$and free metal $(M^{2+})$ in nmine water. These metals in the ground and surface water could be formed of $CO_3$ and OH complex ions. The average enrichment indices of water samples are 2.72 of the groundwater, 2.26 of the surface water and 14.15 of the acid mine water, normalizing by surface water composition at the non-mining creek, repectively. Characteristics of some major, minor and rate earth elements (Al/Na, K/Na, V/Ni, Cr/V, Ni/Co, La/Ce, Th/Yb, $La_N/Yb_N$, Co/Th, La/Sc and Sc/Th) in soil and sediment are revealed a narrow range and homogeneous compositions may be explained by acidic to intermediate igneous rocks. And these suggested that sediment source of host granitic gneiss colud be due to rocks of high grade metamorphism originated by sedimentary rocks. Maximum concentrations of environmentally toxic elements in sediment and soil are Fe=53.80 wt.% As=660, Cd=4, Cr=175, Cu=158, Mn=1010, Pb=2933, Sb=4 and Zn=3740 ppm, and extremely high concentrations are found are found in the subsurface soil near the ore dump and precipitates. Normalizing by composition of host granitic gneiss, the average enerichment indices are 3.72 of the sediments, 3.48 of the soils, 10.40 of the precipitates of acid mine drainage and 6.25 of the soils near the main adit. The level of enerichment was very severe in mining drainage sediments, while it was not so great in the soils. mineral composition of soil and sediment near the mining area were partly variable being composed of quartz, mica, feldspar, chlorite, vermiculite, bethierin and clay minerals. reddish variable being composed of quartz, mica, feldspar, chlorite, vermiculite, bethierin and clay minerals. Reddish brown precipitation mineral in the acid mine drainage identifies by schwertmanite. From the separated mineralgy, soil and sediment are composed of some pyrite, arsenopyite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, malachite, goethite and various kinds of hydroxied minerals.

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침지법(浸漬法)에 의한 CCA처리합판(處理合板)의 약제분포(藥劑分布)에 관한 연구(硏究) (Studies on Distribution of Toxic Element in Commercial Plywood treated with CCA Preservative by the Soaking Method)

  • 안세희;신동소
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.35-44
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    • 1985
  • The purposes of this study were, first, to investigate retention levels of toxic elements and oxide individual plies for each panel and, second, to examine disproportioning of individual toxic elements Thirty five water gum plywood panels were treated with a copper-chromium-arsenic preservative (CCA) by the soaking process as the treament time were applied. Such individual plies at a distance of 2.5cm, 7.5cm from the edge were assayed for CuO, $CrO_3$, and $As_2O_5$ on the basis of copper, chromium and arsenic content by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. In these experiments, 12mm thickness plywood panels made of water gum, which were selling, were selected for the preservative treatment. Treating solutions were prepared for 10%, dilute solution of copper-chromium-arsenic preservative and then 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours soaking trements in CCA preservative were applied. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The retention of total oxide in the face and back plies (1+7) retained more than the retention of total oxide in the other plies. The total oxide retention for the individual plies except the face and back plies (1+7) was showed in the following orders; cross plies (3+5), cross plies (2+6), core ply (4). 2. The retentions of total oxide increased as the increase of treatment time. The CCA treated plywood retained high levels of total oxide retention in the face and back plies (1+7). 3. All the retentions in the face and back plies (1+7) is over 5Kg/$m^3$, New Zealand Timber Preservation Standards Specification, and after 6 hours, the retentions in the cross plies (3+5) is over 4. The relative penetration of copper, chromium, and arsenic were not affected by the treatment time. The proportion of arsenic decreased in relation to both copper and chromium and the proportion of copper increased in relation to both chromium and arsenic. 5. A disproportioning of copper, chromium occurred with longer distance from edge, and with longer distance from edge the leachability resistance of CCA treated specimens decreased. After 6 hours (soaking time), the proportion of active elements at a distance of 2.5cm from the edge was consistent. And after 24 hours-soaking, the proportion of active elements at a distance of 7.5cm from the edge was consistent.

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축산식품 중에 잔류하는 Gentamicin 검사를 위한 ELISA 개발에 관한 연구 (Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Gentamicin Residues in Edible Animal products)

  • 김재명;이문한;이항;류판동;조명행;박종명
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.123-131
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    • 1994
  • An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was developed for the detection of residual gentamicin(GM) in edible animal products. The immunogen(GM-KLH conjugate) and coating antigen(GM-BSA conjugate) were prepared by coupling GM sulfate to keyhole limpet hemocyanin(KLH) and bovine serum albumin(BSA) in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, respectively. Polyclonal antibody to GM was produced in rabbits(New Zealand White, female) by using the immunogen and the antibody titer was measured by indirect ELISA. A competitive ELISA was developed using GM-bovine serum albumin conjugate as a coating antigen, GM(as standards or sample), polyclonal antibody to GM, secondary antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase as an enzyme, and H2O2 and o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride as a substrate and a chromophore, respectively. The detection limit of GM was 10 ng/ml and the standard curve of GM(n=26) was linear up to 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in this competitive ELISA system. There were no cross-reactivities of the partially purified antibody between GM and the various antibiotice such as amikacin, benzyl-penicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, furazlidone, kanamycin, neomycin, oleandomycin, streptomycin, sulfathiazole and thiamphenicol(CR50<0.05%)

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