• 대한화학회지
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2018

The hexagonal tungsten bronze $Cs_xWO_3$ nanoparticle was synthesized by a chemical coprecipitation method of ammonium tungstate and $Cs_2CO_3$ in acidic condition. This synthetic method for cesium tungsten bronze is reported for the first time as far as we know. The synthesized $Cs_xWO_3$ as precipitated showed a weak crystallinity of hexagonal unit cell with a crystallite size of about 4 nm without annealing. When the synthesized $Cs_xWO_3$ was annealed in $N_2$ atmosphere, the crystallinity and crystallite size systematically increased maintaining the typical hexagonal tungsten bronze structure as the annealing temperature increased. The analyzed Cs content in the bronze was about 0.3 vs W, which is very close to the theoretical maximum value, 1/3 in cesium tungsten bronze. According to XPS analysis, the reduced tungsten ions existed as both the forms of $W^{5+}$ and $W^{4+}$ and the contents systematically increased as the annealing temperature increased up to $800^{\circ}C$. The $Cs_xWO_3$ thin films on PET substrate were also prepared by a wet-coating method using the ball-milled solution of the annealed $Cs_xWO_3$ nanoparticles at various temperatures. The near-infrared shielding property of these thin films increased systematically as the annealing temperature increased up to $800^{\circ}C$ as expected with the increased contents of reduced tungsten ions.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1180-1186
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• 2001

고진공 저항 가열식 증발 증착기를 이용하여 약 1$mu extrm{m}$ 두께의 W $O_3$-Sn $O_2$박막 가스센서를 제작하였다. 50$0^{\circ}C$에서 4시간동안 공기중 열처리한 다음, 제조된 박막의 결정성과 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 100 ppm의 산화성 가스인 N $O_2$와 환원성 가스인 CO 가스에 대한 가스 감응 특성을 측정한 결과, N $O_2$가스에 대한 감도( $R_{gas}$/ $R_{air}$)는 기판온도 25$0^{\circ}C$에서 W $O_3$박막이 약 1000으로서 가장 높았으며, CO 가스 감도는 기판온도 15$0^{\circ}C$~25$0^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 약 0.25로 가장 양호하였다.하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.417-417
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• 2016

Global environmental deterioration has become more serious year by year and thus scientific interests in the renewable energy as environmental technology and replacement of fossil fuels have grown exponentially. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell consisting of semiconductor photoelectrodes that can harvest light and use this energy directly to split water, also known as photoelectrolysis or solar water splitting, is a promising renewable energy technology to produce hydrogen for uses in the future hydrogen economy. A major advantage of PEC systems is that they involve relatively simple processes steps as compared to many other H2 production systems. Until now, a number of materials including TiO2, WO3, Fe2O3, and BiVO4 were exploited as the photoelectrode. However, the PEC performance of these single absorber materials is limited due to their large charge recombinations in bulk, interface and surface, leading low charge separation/transport efficiencies. Recently, coupling of two materials, e.g., BiVO4/WO3, Fe2O3/WO3 and CuWO4/WO3, to form a type II heterojunction has been demonstrated to be a viable means to improve the PEC performance by enhancing the charge separation and transport efficiencies. In this study, we have prepared a triple-layer heterojunction BiVO4/WO3/SnO2 photoelectrode that shows a comparable PEC performance with previously reported best-performing nanostructured BiVO4/WO3 heterojunction photoelectrode via a facile solution method. Interestingly, we found that the incorporation of SnO2 nanoparticles layer in between WO3 and FTO largely promotes electron transport and thus minimizes interfacial recombination. The impact of the SnO2 interfacial layer was investigated in detail by TEM, hall measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. In addition, our planar-structured triple-layer photoelectrode shows a relatively high transmittance due to its low thickness (~300 nm), which benefits to couple with a solar cell to form a tandem PEC device. The overall PEC performance, especially the photocurrent onset potential (Vonset), were further improved by a reactive-ion etching (RIE) surface etching and electrocatalyst (CoOx) deposition.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.112-116
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• 2005

In the present study, the focus is on the analysis of carbothermal reduction of oxide powder prepared from waste WC/Co hardmetal by solid carbon under a stream of argon for the recycling of the WC/Co hard-metal. The oxide powder was prepared by the combination of the oxidation and crushing processes using the waste $WC-8 wt.\%Co$ hardmetal as the raw material. This oxide powder was mixed with carbon black, and then this mixture was carbothermally reduced under a flowing argon atmosphere. The changes in the phase structure and gases discharge of the mixture during carbothermal reduction was analysed using XRD and gas analyzer. The oxide powder prepared from waste $WC-8wt.\%Co$ hardmetal has a mixture of $WO_{3} and CoWO_{4}$. This oxide powder reduced at about $850^{\circ}C$, formed tungsten carbides at about $950^{\circ}C$, and then fully transformed to a mixed state of tungsten carbide (WC) and cobalt at about $1100^{\circ}C$ by solid carbon under a stream of argon. The WC/Co composite powder synthesized at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours from oxide powder of waste $WC-8wt.\%Co$ hardmetal has an average particle size of $0.3 {\mu}m$.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.27-30
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• 2004

This paper investigates the effects of coating such as Invar (Fe-36% Ni), Fe-Ni Alloys and $WO_3$ on the doming property of aluminum killed (AK) shadow masks, which may be used for flat CPTs. Invar and Fe-Ni Alloys are deposited on AK shadow mask in plasma atmosphere and annealed. $WO_3$ is screen-printed on the deposited layer. The coating is observed to cause a decrease in the doming property of the shadow masks due to their lower thermal expansion coefficients and anti-doming properties.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2011

The three-reactor chemical-looping process (TRCL) for the production of hydrogen from natural gas is attractive for both $CO_2$ capture and hydrogen production. In this study, redox property of $Fe_2O_3$ and $WO_3$ supported with $ZrO_2$ and $MgAl_2O_4$ were studied with temperature programmed oxidation/reduction (TPO/R) experiment. All metal oxides were prepared by ball mill method. Metal oxides supported with $ZrO_2$ showed the good redox property in TPO and TPR tests. Reduction behavior was matched well the theoretical reduction mechanism. Metal oxides supported with $MgAl_2O_4$ formed a solid solution ($MgFe_{0.6}Al_{1.4}O_4$, $MgWO_4$). $Fe_2O_3$ showed more narrow reaction range and lower reaction temperature than $WO_3$.

• 공업화학
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.576-580
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 plate-type의 $V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2$ SCR 촉매의 열적 비활성화 특성을 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여 plate type의 촉매를 $500{\sim}800^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 3 h 동안 열처리하였다. 촉매의 특성 변화를 고찰하기 위하여 XRD, $N_2$ adsorption-desorption에 의한 비표면적과 기공특성, SEM-EDS 등을 측정하였으며, 열처리 온도에 따른 NOx 전환율을 측정하였다. NOx 전환율은 열처리 온도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였는데 $700^{\circ}C$ 이상인 경우에 크게 감소하였다. 이는 $TiO_2$의 결정상이 anatase에서 rutile로 변하고, $TiO_2$의 입성장 및 $CaWO_4$와 같은 결정상이 생성되어 촉매의 비표면적과 기공부피가 감소하였기 때문이다. 또한 $700^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서는 촉매 활성물질인 $V_2O_5$가 승화/기화되었으며, 촉매의 담지체로 사용되는 금속 지지체는 Cr 탄화물 형성에 따른 입계 부식과 산화가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2005

The performance of water-to-water heat pump system coupled with the ground source vertical heat exchanger is presented in this paper. The CAP program of Florida Heat Pump Co. is used to predict the heat pump performances while the EED program calculates the borehole fluid temperature. It is shown that COPH increases with decreasing the temperature of output water for the operation of heating mode and COPR increases with increasing temperature of output water for the operation of cooling mode. The value of specific heat extraction rate must be moderate to insure the reasonable installation cost of borehole system. With $1^{\circ}C$decrease of $T_{wo}$ the average COPH increase is estimated as about $0.06/^{\circ}C$(for $T_{wo}\;=\;45{\sim}60^{\circ}C$ range) while with $1^{\circ}C$ increase of $T_{wo}$ the estimation of COPR increase is about $0.13/^{\circ}C$(for $T_{wo}\;= \;5{\sim}11^{\circ}C$ range) at the specific heat extraction rate of 30W/m.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.633-637
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• 2007

Alkali 물질이 포함되지 않은 $(NH_4)_2Co(SO_4)_2{\cdot}6H_2O$, $(NH_4)_2WO_4$, $(NH_4)H_2PO_4$ 등의 전구체를 사용하여 구리배선의 보호막 제조를 위한 Co 합금박막의 무전해도금을 수행하였다. pH, Co 전구체 농도, 증착온도 등의 공정변수들의 변화에 대한 Co 합금박막의 두께와 표면형상을 살펴봄으로써 이들 공정변수가 alkali 물질이 포함되지 않은 화학물질로 무전해도금된 Co 합금박막의 특성에 끼치는 영향을 살펴보았다. pH, Co 전구체 농도, 증착온도가 증가할수록 Co 합금 박막의 두께가 증가하였고 이는 alkali 물질이 포함된 Co 합금박막의 무전해도금 결과와 비슷하다. SEM(scanning electron microscopy)을 이용한 Co 합금박막의 표면형상 관측 결과, 본 연구에서 사용된 공정조건에서 Co 합금박막의 무전해도금을 위한 적절한 pH와 온도의 범위가 각각 8.5~9.5와 $75{\sim}85^{\circ}C$임을 얻었다. 본 연구를 통하여 alkali 물질이 포함되지 않은 화학물질을 이용한 무전해도금으로 구리배선의 보호막 제조용 Co 합금박막의 증착이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.247-256
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• 2024

The glass series modified by tungsten oxide was created using the compounds (75-x) B₂O₃- 10SrCO₃- 8TeO₂- 7ZnO - xWO₃, where x = 0, 1, 5, 10, 22, 27, 34, and 40% mole percentage. A UV-visible spectrophotometer and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) methods were employed to characterize the specimen's optical and phase transition attributes, respectively. The mass-attenuation coefficient (AC) of all created glasses from BSTZW0 to BSTZ7 was estimated using Geant4 code from 0.05 to 3 MeV and compared to the XCOM software results, with a relative difference of less than 2% between the two results. The increase of WO₃ percentage lead to an increase in the Linear-AC at each studied energy, and this is mainly due to the fact that the higher the percentage of WO₃ in the glass increases its density which causes an increase in the Linear-AC, so an energy of 0.06 MeV, as an example, the values of the Linear-AC was 4.009, 4.509, 5.442, 6812, 8.564, 9.856, 10.999 and 11.628 cm^-1 form BSTZW0 too BSTZW7, respectively. The Half-VL (value layer), Mean-FP (free path), Tenth-VL, and Radiation attenuation performance (RAP) were also calculated for the current BSTZW-glass samples and revealed that BSTZW7 had the best gamma ray attenuation performance at all discussed energies when compared to other studied glass samples.