• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

The objects of this study were to develop a new strain which has resistance to fowl typhoid, high performance in laying, and producing brown shell eggs favored by domestic consumers. Several White Leghorn (WL) breeds known as possessing genetic resistance to fowl typhoid and several brown shell egg breeds such as susceptible to the disease were used to produce the controlled strains with cross mating between the strains within the breeds and the experimental strains with crossbreeding between the breeds. The crossbred strains were Chungnong(CN) 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26. The controlled strains were ISA brown CC, Hyline brown CC and Lohman brown CC. The survival rates were 99.95% for chicks of age 0∼l7 weeks and 91% for adult chickens of age 18∼72 weeks. There was no difference in survival rate between the crossbred and the controlled strains. The means of age of lst egg laying were 147 to 148 days and no difference was observed between the crossbred and the controlled. The egg Production rates of a9e 18∼72 weeks were 83.76% far the crossbred strains and 77.82% for the controlled strains, which is significantly higher in the crossbred than controlled strains by 6%. The numbers of the hen housed egg Production of age 18∼72 weeks were 292.33 eggs for the crossbred strains and 271.31 eggs fur the controlled strains. The difference of 21 eggs more produced by the crossbred than by the controlled was statistically significant. The mean egg weights of age 18∼72 weeks were 64.32g for the crossbred strains and 60.73g for the controlled strains, and the difference of 3.59g was statistically significant. The feed conversion rates during the age of 18 to 72 weeks were 2.297 for the crossbred strains and 2.454 for the controlled strains. The crossbreds were reduced feed consumption by 157g for 1kg of egg Production which was statistically significant. Haugh unit(H$.$u) at the age of 72 weeks were 82.20 for the crossbred strains and 77.82 for the controlled strains. The crossbred strains were superior quality by 4.38 H$.$u. There were no significant differences in the yolk color and the eggshell thickness between the crossbred strains and the controlled strains. The eggshell color of the crossbred strains was light brown which is the medium color of the white eggshell strains and the brown eggshell strains. The body weights at the ages of 8, 12, 18, 42 and 71 weeks were not different between the crossbred strains and the controlled strains.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.213-218
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• 1988

Forty eight growing bulls of two breed types(red Sahiwal and white Kilari), fed rice straw, were allocated to nine treatment groups: 1. Control straw (CS) 2. Urea upgraded straw (UUS) 3. UUS + 0.25 kg coconut cake (CC) 4. UUS + 0.75 kg CC 5. UUS + 0.25 kg rice bran (RB) 6. UUS + 1.00 kg RB 7. UUS + 0.25 kg RB + 0.25 kg CC 8. UUS + 1.00 kg RB + 0.25 kg CC 9. CS + 1.00 kg RB + 0.25 kg CC Liveweight gain was measured weekly during 15 weeks and tested in three analyses of variance. The results are: Urea upgraded straw produced a liveweight gain $180g.d^{-1}$ higher (P <0.01) than control straw. The groups supplemented with 0.25 kg coconut cake and 1.00 kg rice bran showed an increase of $100g.d^{-1}$ (p < 0.05) over the unsupplemented groups. No interaction between straw upgrading and supplementation was present (P > 0.10). Both rice bran and coconut press cake, supplemented to upgraded straw at a level of 0.25 kg, did not increase liveweight gain (P>0.05), but 1.0 kg rice bran increased gain by $90g.d^{-1}$ (P<0.05). A supplement of 0.75 kg coconut press cake to upgraded straw increased liveweight gain by $160g.d^{-1}$ compared with 0.25 kg or 0.00 kg coconut cake supplement (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between breed types (P>0.10) or interactions between breed and the other two main treatments (upgrading and supplementation). It was concluded. that both urea upgrading and supplementation of rice straw increase animal performance. The effect of urea upgrading was the same for both supplemented and unsupplemented animals. There was no indication of a nonlinear effect of supplements on growth.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6343-6348
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• 2012

Objective: The NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) rs1800566 polymorphism, leading to proline-toserine amino-acid and enzyme activity changes, has been implicated in bladder cancer risk, but individually published studies showed inconsistent results. We therefore here conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the possible association. Methods: A systematic literature search up to August 27, 2012 was carried out in PubMed, EMBASE and Wanfang databases, and the references of retrieved articles were screened. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed for homozygote contrast (TT vs. CC), additive model (T vs. C), dominant model (TT+CT vs. CC), and recessive model (TT vs. CC+CT) to assess the association using fixed- or random-effect models. Results: We identified 12 case-control studies including 3,041 cases and 3,128 controls for the present meta-analysis. Significant association between NQO1 rs1800566 genetic polymorphism and risk of bladder cancer was observed in the additive model (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.01-1.30, p = 0.030). Moreover, in the subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, significant associations were observed in Asians (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.08-1.47, p = 0.003 for T vs. C; OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.21-2.32, p = 0.002 for TT vs. CC; OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.13-1.98, p = 0.005 for TT vs. CT+CC) but not in Caucasians. Conclusions: The results suggest that NQO1 rs1800566 genetic polymorphism may contribute to bladder cancer development, especially in Asians.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.381-385
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• 2006

This study examined the influence of re-growth periods on chemical composition, biomass production, nutritive value and digestion kinetics of Setaria sphacelata (SS) and Cenchrus ciliaris (CC) in ruminally cannulated buffalo bulls. Two re-growth intervals i.e. clipping every month ($CI_1$) and clipping after every two months ($CI_2$) were compared with the control (clipped after 4 months). Mean values of leaf to stem ratio in SS and CC grasses were decreased (p<0.05) with increasing re-growth interval. The lowest leaf to stem ratio was recorded in control plots of both grasses. In both grasses, increasing growth period increased the concentrations of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and organic matter (OM) and decreased crude protein (CP). Mean dry herbage, OM and CP yields of SS and CC were increased (p<0.05) with increasing re-growth interval. Ruminal DM and NDF digestibilities of SS and CC were decreased (p<0.05) with increasing interval. Ruminal rate of DM and NDF disappearance was higher while the ruminal lag time of these nutrients was lower with monthly than with bi-monthly clipping interval. The results from present study imply that SS and CC clipped after every two months is more beneficial than when clipped every month or every four months in terms of optimal biomass with adequate nutritional value for buffaloes.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1363-1370
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• 2015

This study was aimed to determine effects of soil organic amendment as plant growing media component on restoration of planting ground. The changes of soil physical and chemical properties and germination and growth of kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) were investigated. For treatments, soil was excavated at depth of 0-50 cm (referred as $S_1$) and at depth of 50-100 cm (referred as $S_2$). Then the half amount of $S_1$ soil was mixed with the soil organic amendment (coir dust 40% (v/v), bottom ash 25%, leaf mold 25%, vermiculite 5%, carbonized rice hull 5%) at a rate of 6% (v/v) (referred as $S_1CC$) and also the half amount of $S_2$ soil was mixed with the soil organic amendment at a rate of 6% (v/v) (referred as $S_2CC$) on pot in a 16 cm diameter and 14 cm height. The experiment was replicated 3 times with 3 pots per replication in randomized block design, and 100 seeds were planted per pot. In results, there was no significant difference in soil pH among the treatments with a slight decrease in soil hydraulic conductivity. However, in the $S_1CC$ treatment, positive increases in soil chemical properties, including electrical conductivity, organic matter, phosphoric acid, total nitrogen, exchangeable cation, and cation exchange capacity. Also, the germination rate, plant height, and number of leaves were higher in the $S_1CC$ treatment than those in other treatments. These results suggest that the addition of organic amendment to the soil at depth of 0-50 cm might be proper for restoring planting ground.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.609-613
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• 2005

The fragmentation patterns and ion-molecule reactions of two alkyn alcohols, 2-propyn-1-ol (HC≡$CCH_2$OH) and 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (HC≡CC($CH_3)_2$OH), were investigated using Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS). The most abundant fragment ions formed from the molecular ions were [M-H]$^+$ for 2-propyn-1-ol and [M-$CH_3]^+$ for 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol. The dehydrated ion, [M-$H_2O]^+$ was formed only from 2-propyn-1-ol in which $\alpha$ -hydrogen atoms were available for $\alpha,\;\alpha$ -elimination reaction. The protonated molecules were dissociated into [M+H-$H_2O]^+$ and [M+H-$C_2H_2]^+$ through dehydration and deacetylenylation processes. The formations of [M+H-$H_2O]^+$ and [M+H-$C_2H_2]^+$ from 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol were more favorable than those from 2-propyn-1-ol due to stabilization by two methyl groups at $\alpha$ -carbon. Ion-neutral complexes formed at long ion trapping time gave dehydrated and/or deacetylenylated ion products by further dissociation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.416-424
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• 2018

Microstructure of oxide formed on Zr-Nb-Sn tube sample was intensively examined by scanning transmission electron microscopy after exposure to simulated primary water chemistry conditions of various concentrations of Zn (0 or 30 ppb) and dissolved hydrogen ($H_2$) (30 or 50 cc/kg) for various durations without applying desirable heat flux. Microstructural analysis indicated that there was no noticeable change in the microstructure of the oxide corresponding to water chemistry changes within the test duration of 100 days (pretransition stage) and no significant difference in the overall thickness of the oxide layer. Equiaxed grains with nano-size pores along the grain boundaries and microcracks were dominant near the water/oxide interface, regardless of water chemistry conditions. As the metal/oxide interface was approached, the number of pores tended to decrease. However, there was no significant effect of $H_2$ concentration between 30 cc/kg and 50 cc/kg on the corrosion of the oxide after free immersion in water at $360^{\circ}C$. The adsorption of Zn on the cladding surface was observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and detected as ZnO on the outer oxide surface. From the perspective of $OH^-$ ion diffusion and porosity formation, the absence of noticeable effects was discussed further.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.639-646
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• 2007

To evaluate the effect of fiber sources on chewing activity, five sheep were consecutively fed diets containing 45% of a fiber source selected from 7 tested fiber sources of alfalfa hay cube(AHC), corn cob (CC), corn silage(CS), cotton seed hull(CSH), peanut hull(PHL), rice straw(RS) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB). Number of chew showed significantly higher value in CC(p<0.001) then other sources. RS and CC had highest(p<0.01) rumination times of 352 and 367 min/d, respectively. CC also showed the highest number of chew per kg NDF intake(p<0.01), but rumination time per kg NDF intake showed no difference except CSH(p<0.001). These results suggest that chewing activities were greatly affected by the fiber sources, and therefore it should be accounted in the formulation for ruminant feed.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.193-197
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• 2005

Shunt valves used to treat patients with hydrocephalus were tested to investigate influence of intracranial pressure pulsation on their flow control characteristics. Five commercial shunt valves were tested in the flow loop that simulates pulsed flow under pressure pulsation. As 20cc/hr of flow rate was adjusted at a constant pressure, application of $40mmH_2O$ of pressure pulse increased the flow rate by $67.9\%.$ As a 90cm length catheter was connected to the valve outlet, increase in the flow rate was substantially reduced to $17.5\%.$ As the flow rate was adjusted to 40cc/hr at a constant pressure, increase in the flow rate was $51.1\%$ with the same pressure pulsation of $40mmH_2O$. The results indicated that pressure-flow control characteristics of shunt valves implanted above human brain ventricle is quite different from those obtained by syringe pump test at constant pressures right after manufacture. The influence of pressure pulsation was observed to be more significant at low flow rate and the flexibility of the outlet silicone catheter was estimated to significantly reduce flow increase due to pressure pulsation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 1987

In this study, the characteristics of TRC (tensile restraint crack) critical stress in the gravity type underwater wet welding process and in the in-air welding have been investigated for Y, y and 45$^{\circ}$r grooves using the KR Grade A-3 steel plates and the E4303 covered electrodes. The following results were obtained: (1) In the TRC tests, the initial critical stress of Y groove is higher than those of the 45$^{\circ}$r single bebel grooves in both in-air and underwater weldings, and the cold fracture sensitivity is higher in the underwater welding than in the in-air welding. (2) The hardness of underwater weld metal is the highest in heat affected zone is about Hk 365 in the in-air weld but Hk 670 in the underwater weld which is higher for cooling speed is more rapid, resulting in the lower critical stress by increase of fracture sensitivity. (3) The diffusible hydrogen quantity for 48 hours is about 18cc/100g-weld-metal in the in-air welding but 48cc/100g-weld-metal in the underwater welding. So that, in the case of underwater welding the diffusible hydrogen penetrates about 3 times more than that in the in-air welding.