• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2007

We characterized a full-length cDNA of CaCOP1 from pepper. Phylogenetic analysis based on the deduced amino acid sequence of CaCOP1 cDNA revealed high sequence similarity to the COP1 gene in Oryza sativa (84% identity). CaCOP1 shares high sequence identity with regulatory protein in Arabidopsis (84%), constitutively photomorphogenic 1 protein in Pisum sativum (81%) and COP1 homolog in Lycopersicon esculentum (79%). CaCOP1 gene exists single copy in the chili pepper genome. Expression of CaCOP1 was reduced in response to inoculation of non-host pathogens. The expression of this gene under abiotic and oxidative stresses was investigated, including 200 mM NaCl, 200 mM mannitol, cold ($4^{\circ}C$), 100 ${\mu}M$ abscisic acid (ABA), and 10 mM hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$). CaCOP1 was induced significantly 3 h after low temperature treatment but not by dehydration or high salinity. Moreover, CaCOP1 was not induced by plant hormone ABA. These observations suggest that CaCOP1 gene plays a role in abiotic stress and may be belong to ABA-independent regulation system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1121-1127
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• 2009

This study presents an eco-friendly and one-step finishing method for modifying fiber property that reduces fiber damage in wool/polyester blend fabrics. Lipase from aspergillus oryzae is used in this experiment. The enzymatic treatment condition is optimized by measuring the relative activity of lipase depending on pH level, temperature, concentration of lipase, and treatment time. The concentration of $CaCl_2$as an activator is determined by the characteristics including whiteness, water contact angle (WCA), and dyeing property. The modified properties of lipase treated fabrics are tested for pill resistance and surface morphology. The results are described as follows: the optimum condions for lipase treatment constitute a pH level of 8.0, treatment temperature of 40$^{\circ}$$_C$, concentration of lipase at 100% (o.w.f), and a treatment time of 90 minutes. $CaCl_2$helps in raising lipase activation, and the optimum concentration is 50mM. The whiteness, wet ability, and pill resistance of lipase treated fabrics improves as compared to the control. The dyeing property of lipase treated fabrics improved by 53.5% after using the one-bath dyeing method. This means that lipase treatment can save time and cost during the dyeing process since lipase treatment modifies wool and polyester fibers. The surface of lipase treated wool fibers do not exhibit any change, however voids and cracks manifest on the surface of lipase treated polyester fibers.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.55-70
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• 2005

In oriental medicine, Gamibangpungtongsungsan (KBTS) has been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatments of acute stage of cerebrovascular diseases and hypertension. In the present study, underlying mechanism on KBTS effects was investigated using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by determining related parameters such as blood pressure, heart-beat rates, and hormones and plasma constituents. The major finding are summarized as follows. 1. KBTS treatment at concentrations lower than $125\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ did not show any cytotoxicity on cultured human fibroblast cells. 2. KBTS treatment in SHR significantly decreased blood pressure and heart-beat rate compared with untreated control. 3. KBTS treatment in SHR decreased aldosterone levels in the blood compared with untreated control, but the difference was not statistically significant. 4. KBTS treatment in SHR significantly decreased dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine levels in the blood compared with untreated control. 5. KBTS treatment in SHR decreased plasma ion concentrations such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl- compared with untreated control; decreases in Na+ and Cl- were statistically significant. 6. KBTS treatment in SHR significantly decreased TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, and IL-10 levels in the blood compared with untreated control. Thus, the present data show evidence on anti-hypertension activity of KBTS in an experimental animal system, which can provide further insights into the development of anti-hypertension therapeutic agents.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2013

The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of Ca fertilizer on the growth of mother plants, physiological disorders, and occurrence of daughter plants in propagation of 'Seolhyang' strawberry through plastic bag cultivation. To achieve this, chemicals of 1.125 mM $Ca(OH)_2$, 0.375 mM $MgCl_2$, 1.250 mM KCl were blended and designated to combined fertilizer (CF). Then, the effect was compared to the treatment of no Ca application (control) and a commercial fertilizer, CalMag (13-0-1.9-16-6:N-$P_2O_5$-$K_2O$-CaO-MgO), when those were applied every two weeks with controlled electrical conductivity (EC) of solution such as 0.6 or 1.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The number of plants showing Ca deficiency symptoms was the highest in control treatment, but those decreased significantly in CF or CalMag treatments. The differences between CF and CalMag in appearance of Ca deficient plants were not significant when two fertilizers were applied with same EC. The fresh and dry weights of mother plants were the greater in the treatments of CF or CalMag than those of control treatment. The treatments of 1.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ of CF or CalMag were more effective than those of 0.6 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ on the fresh and dry weight of the mother plants. The runner lengths in the treatment of 1.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ of CF were the longest among the all treatments tested. The treatments of 1.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ were more effective than those of 0.6 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ of CF or CalMag in lengths and fresh and dry weight of runners. The fresh and dry weights of daughter plants were heavier in the treatments of CF than those of CalMag. Based on the above results, we concluded that the Ca deficiency in raising 'Seolhyang' strawberry can be lessened by the application of Ca containing fertilizers, but combined application of Ca, K and Mg was more effective than that of Ca alone for seedling production.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the germination and growth response by Salinities of Spergularia marina Griseb grown in the western coastal region in South Korea. The germination was investigated for 10 days at temperature $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ in order to examine the germination of Spergularia marina Griseb by NaCl concentration 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0%. The germination of NaCl concentration 0.0~1.0% was 90% over at $15^{\circ}C$ treatment, but the germination of NaCl concentration 2.0% was 0% at all temperature treatments. To identify the growth response of Spergularia marina Griseb according to the salinity, Spergularia marina Griseb was cultivated for 8 weeks in Hoagland culture medium and sea water. In nutrient solution culture, growth was best in NaCl 50mM among 0~400 mM concentrations and in 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100% of sea water, growth was best in 12.5% (dilution ratio with fresh water) treatment. Spergularia marina Griseb's inorganic component contents according to salinity showed that $Na^+$ content increased, but contents of $K^+$, $Ca^+$, $Mg^+$ decreased. As a result, appropriate condition for Spergularia marina Griseb's germination is considered to be maintained at $15^{\circ}C$ and in less than NaCl 1.0% of salinity. When nutrient solution culture, NaCl 0.3% of treatment level is considered to be the optimum salinity.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.202-207
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• 2000

The depletion of intracellular calcium stores by thapsigargin treatment evoked extracellular calcium-dependent membrane currents in Xenopus laevis oocytes. These currents have been compared to those evoked by microinjection of a calcium influx factor (CIF) purified from Jurkat T lymphocytes. The membrane currents elicited by thapsigargin treatment (peak current, $163{\pm}60$ nA) or CIF injection (peak current, $897{\pm}188$ nA) were both dependent on calcium entry, based on their eradication by the removal of extracellular calcium. The currents were, in both cases, attributed primarily to well-characterized $Ca^{2+}-dependent$ $Cl^-$ currents, based on their similar reversal potentials (-24 mV vs. -28 mV) and their inhibition by niflumic acid (a $Cl^-$ channel blocker). Currents induced by either thapsigargin treatment or CIF injection exhibited an identical pattern of inhibitory sensitivity to a panel of lanthanides, suggesting that thapsigargin treatment or CIF injection evoked $Cl^-$ currents by stimulating calcium influx through pharmacologically identical calcium channels. These results indicate that CIF acts on the same calcium entry pathway activated by the depletion of calcium stores and most lanthanides are novel pharmacological tools for the study of calcium entry in Xenopus oocytes.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.471-479
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the optimum condition of impulse during the anodic spark oxidation applying pulse current as well as to find the excellent condition for HA precipitation the after electrochemical hydrothermal treatment by cathode reduction method. After anodic spark oxidation, the anodized specimen and the Pt plate connected cathode and anode, respectively. Hydrothermal treatment performed at 90, 120, $150^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours in the electrolyte containing $K_2HPO_4$, $CaCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$, Tris(Hydroxymethyl)-$(CH_2OH)_3\;CNH_2$(Aminomethane), and NaCl. The optimum impulse voltage for anodic spark oxidation was 350V. The optimum pulse cycle measured at 10 mS. The HA crystals precipitated excellently by cathode reduction at $150^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. The phases of anatase, rutile, and HA coating on the surface of modified titanium surface immersed in Hanks' solution for 3weeks were detected by XRD measurement and the intensity of HA crystal phase has increased by temperature and time of hydrothermal treatment. According to the our experiments, we found that Pure Ti will be good materials of bioactivity and biocompatibility.

• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.174-180
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• 2004

Calmodulin, a $Ca^{2+}$-binding protein, has no enzyme activity. It combines with $Ca^{2+}$ and makes variable proteins to an active form. Calmodulin 2 is a ubiquitous protein in plants. To investigate the defense mechanism against various stresses, a clone encoding a calmodulin 2 protein was isolated from a cDNA library prepared from taproot mRNAs of Codonopsis lanceolata. The cDNA, designated CICAM2, is 719 nucleotides long and has an open reading frame of 450 bp with a deduced amino acid sequence of 149 residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of CICAM2 showed a high similarity with calmodulins of P. x hybrida (P27163) 97%, N. tabacum (BAB61908) 97%, S. tuberosum (AAA74405) 96%, Z. mays (CAA74307) 92%, C. richardii (AF510075) 93%, M. truncatula (AAM81203) 91%, and G. max (P62163) 91%. The transcriptional expression of the CICAM2 gene, was gradually increased by the CaCl$_2$ treatment. Whereas its expression And it was gradually decreased in the cold stress treatment.ent.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.318-325
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• 1993

The optima] conditions for the formation, the regeneration. and the spheroplast fusion of Flavimonas aryz/habitans spheroplasts were investigated. Cells were transformed to spherop]asts effectively by treatment of 0.5% volume (v/v) of 0.] M EDTA and ]00 flg/ml lysozyme at $37^{\circ}C$ for 30 min without shaking. Magnesium chloride and calcium chloride were effective on the stabilization of spheroplasts. and 20 mM calcium chloride in the rich regeneration medium improve the yield of regenerants as much as 3.5-fo]d. Addition of 0.8% bovine serium albumine (BSA) in dilution buffer for spheroplast formation improved the stabilization of spheroplasts over extended periods (4-6 hr) at room temperature. and thus increased the yield of recombinants to 4.5-fold. The spheroplast formation frequency and regeneration frequency of F aryzihabitans strain was 90.10% and 3.800/." respectively. The first regenerated cell of F. aryzihabitans spheroplasts were appeared 6 hours after plating. By I I hours after plating, 80% of spheroplasts were regenerated on thc rich regeneration medium containing 0.5 M sucrose. The intraspeci11c spheroplast fusion of F urvz/habitans was carried out and the properties of obtained fusants were investigated. Formation of fusion products was effective when the Flav/munas spheroplast mixture was treated with 40%(w/v) PEG6000 and 20 mM CaCl, for 10 min at room temperature. and thc formation of frequency of recombinants were $2.0{\times}10^{-5}~3.6{\times}10^{-5}$. All tested recombinant clones were very stable on further propagation.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.136-148
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• 2009

The phenomenon of the shrinkage of silk fibers induced by inorganic salts including LiBr, $Ca(NO_3){_2}$, and $CaCl_2$, has been studied up to the present as one of the finishing methods of silk. It is expected that the shrinkage phenomenon may greatly contribute to the realization of the high sensibility of silk fibers. Especially the shrinkage enables the expression of three-dimensional appearance of silk fabrics along with the improvements in dimensional stability, resilience in stretching, and comfort. Numerous theoretical studies on the contraction phenomenon by $Ca(NO_3){_2}$ have been conducted so far. These studies have focused mostly on the silk fibers. It is difficult to find studies on silk fabrics. The negative aspects of the finishing are such as strength drop, yellowish discoloration, and fiber damage. These should also be considered as well as the positive aspects. In this study, the phenomenon of salt shrinkage is diversely reviewed by applying $Ca(NO_3){_2}$ solution for the silk fabrics as objects. The changes in the air permeability, thickness, and color were investigated with focus on the shrinkage of the silk fabrics according to the changes in treatment conditions. Some findings from this study are as follows: Within short period of time at the initiation of salt shrinkage, the salt shrinkage proceeds effectively. In the case of concentration of 47.4%, or 46.3% of $Ca(NO_3){_2}$ solution, appropriate treatment time seems to be 20seconds, or $2{\sim}8$minutes, respectively. Excessive shrinkage is obtained when lower liquor ratio is adopted. As a result, the condition is acting extremely disadvantageously against the thickness and yellow discoloration aspects.