• 한국자원리싸이클링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2003년도 추계정기총회 및 국제심포지엄
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• pp.122-128
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• 2003

To develop a Mg-Zeolite for simultaneous recovery of the N and the P from sewage water, the natural zeolite was treated with 20% $MgCl_2$ solution by changing the pH the temperature and the treating time of the solution. And the contents of Ca Fe Na K Mg of Mg-Zeolite were analyzed by ICP. The optimum treatment condition for Mg-Zeolite was induced to pH 7.0 $50^{\circ}C$ in 20% $MgCl_2$ solution and for 80min treatment. And the Na and the K ions in natural zeolite are significant factors for Mg exchange in the zeolite.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.560-567
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• 2002

Titanium (Ti) is a bioinert material and has lower elastic coefficient and better strength/volume property than other metals. Ferroelectric materials show alignment of positive and negative charges by poling treatment. This study was purposed to develop a new implant system by combining the advantages of Ti and ferroelectric property of $BaTiO_3$ (BTO). It was performed with the assumption that the $Ca^{2+ }$ ions would be easily attracted on negatively charged surface and the attracted cation might behave as nuclei for bone-like crystal growth in biological solutions. A ferroelectric BTO thin film on Ti was fabricated and the effect of poling treatment on the improvement of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation in biological solutions was evaluated. After immersion in Eagle’s minimum essential media (MEM) solution, NaCl was formed on Ti, and Ca-P layer containing NaCl was formed on Ti-O. Weak and sparse Ca-P layers were formed on BTO, while thick, homogeneous, and dense Ca-P layer was formed on negatively polarized BTO (N-BTO), which was confirmed by FE-SEM and EDX. In summary, these results demonstrate that poling the ferroelectric BTO surface negatively is effective for the formation of Ca-P layer in MEM solution, and that N-BTO coating on Ti could be used as a possible alternative method for enhancing the osseointegration of the implants.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.909-914
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• 1995

알파-락트알부민(${\alpha}-La$)의 열처리에 의한 겔 특성을 조사하기 위하여 ${\alpha}-La$ 농도, 염의 종류와 농도, 티올시약(NEM, DTT)의 농도를 달리해 $90^{\circ}C$에서 40분간 가열하여 만든 ${\alpha}-La$의 겔형성 시간과 용해성을 측정하였다. 겔형성 시간은 ${\alpha}-La$, NaCl, $CaCl_2$, DTT의 농도가 증가할수록 감소하였으나 NEM의 경우는 그와 반대로 나타났고 ${\alpha}-La$ 용액의 겔형성은 NEM $20{\sim}50\;mM$ 경우를 제외하고는 전부 40분 내에 이루어졌다. 용해성은 ${\alpha}-La$, NaCl, $CaCl_2$, DTT의 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였으나 NEM의 경우는 NEM의 농도증가에 따라 용해성은 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 표준완충용액에 용해된 겔의 용해성은 각각 $10.4{\sim}51.3%$, $9.2{\sim}35.4%$, $11.1{\sim}35.0%$, $8.0{\sim}9.5%$, 그리고 $96.8{\sim}56.2%$였고, 8M urea와 0.5% SDS를 함유한 표준완충용액에서는 더 높은 값인 $41.8{\sim}81.3%$, $41.9{\sim}64.1%$, $43.5{\sim}69.8%$, $29.6{\sim}38.5%$, 그리고 $77.4{\sim}98.9%$로 각각 나타났다. DTT를 함유한 것은 모든 조건에서 거의 100%에 달하는 용해성을 나타내었다. 이상으로 ${\alpha}-La$의 겔형성 속도와 용해성은 여러인자 즉, 단백질 농도, 염의 종류와 농도, 티올시약의 농도 등에 의해 영향을 받고, 겔형성 속도가 증가될수록 겔의 용해성은 감소함을 알수 있었다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.138-147
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• 2010

소나무재선충에 대한 살선충 활성을 나타내는 Micromonospora sp. AW050027 균주를 최적의 배지에서 배양한 미생물배양액을 제제하여 포트 및 포장에서 살선충 효과를 확인하였다. 최적화된 배지조성은 리터당 glycerol 10 g, soybean meal 10 g, NaCl 1 g, $CaCO_3$ 2 g, $K_2HPO_4$ 0.125 g 이었으며, 활성균주를 배양하여 농축한 후 액상 및 분말 미생물제제를 제조하였다. 제제에는 소나무재선충 공생미생물에 대하여 가장 효과적으로 항균활성을 나타내는 kanamycin을 첨가하여 사용하였다. 포트시험, 예비포장 시험 및 본포장 시험을 통하여 소나무재선충 방제효과를 확인한 결과, 액상제제를 수간수사하여 처리한 경우 1회처리시 고사율 53%, 5회 분할처리시 28%로 분할처리가 1회처리보다 2배 가량 효과적이었고, 배양농축액을 분할처리한 경우에서는 대조구의 고사율 100%에 대하여 고사율 10% 이내로 가장 낮게 나타났다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1998

The electric arc furnace (EAF) dust used in this experiment showed the formation of an irregular agglomerate of small spherical particles and consisted of 27.5% Fe, 18% Zn, 4.83% Pb and 10.2% CaO, and it also contained 3.26% Cl and 0.15% F. IR spectra peaks of Pb(OH)Cl were observed at 1630 and 1377 ${cm}^{-1}$ regions and the intensity decreased using an acid treatment (1N ${H}_{2}{SO}_{4}$) and thermal treatment at above 600℃, but it was not affected by washing process. Those of ${Zn}_{5}{(OH)}_{8}{Cl}_{2}$ treated by oxidation showed broad absorption peak at 3600∼3200 ${cm}^{-1}$, main peaks at 1136 and 1040 ${cm}^{-1}$ and a splitting peak at 991 and 921 ${cm}^{-1}$ which were believed to be due to ZnO by oxidation at about 700∼. The IR spectra of the dust residues by a washing process show the same peaks at 3449, 1635, 1439, 875, 571 and 455 ${cm}^{-1}$ regions, but the peaks at 2942, 2862, 1136 and 1040 ${cm}^{-1}$ decreased and disappeared using an acid treatment and washing process, which is believed to be due to the dissolution of zinc hydroxyl chloride.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.13-31
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• 1982

Factors affecting on dewatering characteristics of anaerobically digested or/and elutriated sludges were examined from 15 January 1982 to 30 April 1982, results obtained were as follows 1. Sludges, either anaerobically digested or/and elutriated sludges, which were produced at the Joong Rang Cheon Sewage Treatment Plant wore found to be compressive in its nature, coefficient of compressibility ranged from 0.83 for unelutriated and 1.10 for elutriated. 2. Dosage of FeC13 for the anaerobically digested sludges were difficult to establish for the most favorable dosage rate, though the filterability indicated linear improvement with increased dosage from dosing rate excess of over 15% in terms of dry solids by weight, under the conditions of this examination. Optimum filterability were obtained with 9~11% of $FeCl_3$ for elutriated sludges, and required CaO, as aids, were appeared to be 2.5~3.5 times that of the $FeCl_3$ at that point by weight. 3. The specific resistances for anaerobically digested sludges showed higher value than the elutriated one, being $11 \times 10^{12} ~ 20 \times 10^{12}$ cm/g with no chemical conditioning, and $2 \times 10^{12} ~ 11 \times 10^{12}$ cm/g with conditioned ($FeCl_3$ + CaO) contrast to $0.5 \times 10^{12} ~ 2.0 \times 10cm/g$ for the elutriated. 4. The strength of the alkalinities before and after elutriation were measured to 10,000 ~ 15,000 mg/l and 1,500 ~ 2,000mg/l respectively. These alkalinities affected greatly on the filterabilities together with concentration of the organic matters in the sludges. 5. The yields with 11% $FeCl_3$, by weight to the DS, on the elutriated sludges averaged to $14.7 kg/m^2.hr$, and $3.2kg/m^2.hr$ for unelutriated sludges. Which was 4.6 times of not elutriated sludges. Elutriated sludges without chemical conditioner added showed much better filterabilities than with 15% of $FeCl_3$ added to the anaerobically digested and unelutriated sludges.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2004

본 시험은 깔짚에 3가지 화학제재($FeSO_4,\;AlCl_3\;+\;CaCO_3$ 및 $KMnO_4$)를 처리하였을 때 육계 생산성에 대한 영향과 계사내 암모니아, 이산화탄소 발생량에 대한 6주 동안의 변화와 저감 효과를 규명하기 위해서 수행하였다. 사양시험은 육계 초생추 총 96수(6처리$\times$4반복$\times$4수)를 공시하여 42일 동안 실시하였다. 화학제재는 깔짚 kg당 $FeSO_4$ $\cdot$ $7H_2O$ 200 g, $AlCl_3$ $\cdot$ $6H_2O$ 200 g + $CaCO_3$ 50 g 및 $KMnO_4$ 비율로 top dressing하였으며 대조구는 화학제재를 첨가하지 않았다. 육계 생산성은 화학제재 처리구와 대조구 간에 유의차가 없었다. 그러나 대조구와 비교한 $FeSO_4$와 $AlCl_3$+$CaCO_3$ 처리구의 암모니아 발생량은 6주째에서 각각 $91\%$와 $53\%$가 감소되었고(P<0.05), $KMnO_4$ 처리구의 암모니아 발생량은 대조구보다 6주째에서 $69\%$ 감소되어 통계적 유의차를 보였다(P<0.05). 깔짚에서 생성된 이산화탄소 발생량은 $AlCl_3+CaCO_3$와 $KMnO_4$ 처리구가 대조구와 비교할 때 6주째에서 각각 $59\%$와 $65\%$ 감소되었다(P<0.01). 결론적으로 깔짚에 화학제재를 처리했을 경우 암모니아와 이산화탄소 가스 발생량은 현저하게 감소되며, 육계생산성에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2020

Repetitive changes in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca²⁺]i) triggers egg activation, including cortical granule exocytosis, resumption of second meiosis, block to polyspermy, and initiating embryonic development. [Ca²⁺]i oscillations that continue for several hours, are required for the early events of egg activation and possibly connected to further development to the blastocyst stage. The sources of Ca²⁺ ion elevation during [Ca²⁺]i oscillations are Ca²⁺ release from endoplasmic reticulum through inositol 1,4,5 tri-phosphate receptor and Ca²⁺ ion influx through Ca²⁺ channel on the plasma membrane. Ca²⁺ channels have been characterized into voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels (VDCCs), ligand-gated Ca²⁺ channel, and leak-channel. VDCCs expressed on muscle cell or neuron is specified into L, T, N, P, Q, and R type VDCs by their activation threshold or their sensitivity to peptide toxins isolated from cone snails and spiders. The present study was aimed to investigate the localization pattern of N and P/Q type voltage-dependent calcium channels in mouse eggs and the role in fertilization. [Ca²⁺]i oscillation was observed in a Ca²⁺ contained medium with sperm factor or adenophostin A injection but disappeared in Ca²⁺ free medium. Ca²⁺ influx was decreased by Lat A. N-VDCC specific inhibitor, ω-Conotoxin CVIIA induced abnormal [Ca²⁺]i oscillation profiles in SrCl₂ treatment. N or P/Q type VDC were distributed on the plasma membrane in cortical cluster form, not in the cytoplasm. Ca²⁺ influx is essential for [Ca²⁺]i oscillation during mammalian fertilization. This Ca²⁺ influx might be controlled through the N or P/Q type VDCCs. Abnormal VDCCs expression of eggs could be tested in fertilization failure or low fertilization eggs in subfertility women.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.845-855
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• 2013

Requirements of dietary chloride (dCl) and chloride salts were determined by using $4{\times}2$ factorial arrangement under four phase feeding program. Four levels (0.31, 0.45, 0.59 and 0.73%) and two sources ($NH_4Cl$ and $CaCl_2$) of the dCl were allocated to 1,472 chicks in eight dietary treatments in which each treatment was replicated four times with 46 birds per replicate. The four phase feeding program was comprised of four dietary phases: Prestarter (d 1 to 10), Starter (d 11 to 20), Grower (d 21 to 33) and Finisher (d 34 to 42); and diets were separately prepared for each phase. The cations, anions, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity were analyzed in drinking water and were not affected by dietary treatments. BW gain (BWG; $p{\leq}0.009$) and feed:gain (FG; $p{\leq}0.03$) were improved in $CaCl_2$ supplemented diets during d 1 to 10. The maximum response of BWG and FG was observed at 0.38% and 0.42% dCl, respectively, for d 34 to 42. However, the level of dCl for BWG during d 21 to 33 ($p{\leq}0.04$) and d 34 to 42 ($p{\leq}0.009$) was optimized at 0.60% and 0.42%, respectively. The level of dCl for optimized feed intake (FI; $p{\leq}0.006$), FG ($p{\leq}0.007$) and litter moisture (LM; $p{\leq}0.001$) was observed at 0.60%, 0.38% and 0.73%, respectively, for d 1 to 42. Water intake (DWI) was not affected by increasing dCl supplementation (p>0.05); however, the ratio between DWI and FI (DWI:FI) was found highest at 0.73% dCl during d 1 to 10 ($p{\leq}0.05$) and d 21 to 33 ($p{\leq}0.009$). Except for d 34 to 42 ($p{\leq}0.006$), the increasing level of dCl did not result in a significant difference in mortality during any phase. Blood pH and glucose, and breast and thigh weights (percentage of dressed weight) were improved while dressing percentage (DP) and gastrointestinal health were exacerbated with $NH_4Cl$ as compared to $CaCl_2$ supplemented diets ($p{\leq}0.001$). Higher plasma $Na^+$ and $HCO_3{^-}$ and lower $Cl^-$ and $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ were observed in $NH_4Cl$ supplemented diets ($p{\leq}0.001$). Increasing supplementation of dCl increased plasma $Cl^-$ ($p{\leq}0.04$; quadratically) and linearly reduced plasma $K^+$ ($p{\leq}0.001$), $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ ($p{\leq}0.003$), $HCO_3{^-}$ ($p{\leq}0.001$), and $Na^+$ ($p{\leq}0.001$; quadratically). Consequently, higher requirements of dietary chloride are suggested for feed intake; nevertheless, lower levels of dietary chloride are sufficient to support optimal BWG and FG with increasing age. The $NH_4Cl$ supplemented diets ameliorate breast and thigh meat yield along with overall energy balance (glucose).

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.43-54
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• 1983

하비의 질소시비량을 달리하였을 때 뽕나무의 생육, 수엽량, 이온함량의 변동과 엽위별 이동, 균형 등을 알기 위해 요소관행구(25kg/10a)와 요소 3배증시구(75kg/10a)를 설치하고 시험한 결과 다음과 같았다. 1. 요소증시는 관행양에 비해 조장, 조중을 증가시켰으며, 정엽양은 9월20일경에 생물중으로 273.6kg/10a를 증가시켰다. 2. 뽕잎중의 수분함양은 8월30일까지 73%이상을 유지하였으나, 그 후 계속 감소되어 9월20일경에는 63%내외로 떨어졌다. 증시구에서는 관행구보다 0.1~1.8%정도 높았으며 10월10일경까지도 뽕잎이 연하였다. 3. 생육초기부터 계속 증가한 뽕잎의 건물중은 9월20일경에 현저히 감소되었으나 지조의 무게는 9월 30일까지도 계속 증가하였다. 4. 엽중의 $Ca^{2+}$는 경시적으로 함양이 현저히 증가되었으나, $K^{+}$과 $Mg^{2+}$은 감소되었으며, $Ca^{2+}$은 증시구에서 현저히 높았다. 5. 각종 이온의 경시적인 엽위별 이동을 보면 8월30일경에 전질소 및 수분함량이 급격히 감소함에 따라 이동성이 불량한 $Ca^{2+}$와 Cl$^{-}$는 상부로, 양호한 $K^{+}$, H$_2$PO$^{-}$$_4$ 그리고 SO$^{2-}$ $_4$ 등은 하부로 점차 이동하였다. 6. 전질소의 함양은 8월30일 이전에 3,200me/kg DM에서 9월 초순 이후에는 2,000me/kg DM으로 현저히 감소하였다. 관행구는 9월12일에, 증시구는 9월22일에 최대함량부위가 아래 엽위로 떨어지면서 10일후에는 각각 선단의 생장점이 고사ㆍ탈락하였다. 7. ∑C는 생육초기에 1,400me/kg DM에서 점차 증가하여 1,600me/kg DM 내외를, ∑A는 400me/kg DM 내외를, (C-A)는 생육초기에는 1,000me/kg DM에서 증가하여 1,200me/kg DM 내외를 각각 유지하였다. 8. ∑C, ∑A, (C-A) 등은 관행구에서 보다 증시구에서 약간 높은 경향을 보였는데 이것은 증시구에서는Ca$^{2+}$의 함량이 현저히 높았으며, NO$^{-}$$_3$, SO$^{2-}$ $_4$, H$_2$PO$^{-}$$_4$ 등이 다소 높았기 때문이다.