• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.600-605
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• 2011

'Boseogheugchal', a new black pericarp glutinous rice cultivar (Oriza sativa L.), was developed by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea during the period from 1997 to 2008 and released in 2008. It was derived from a cross between SR18638-B-B-B-18-2/ Heugmi H31. The maturity of this cultivar is about 135 days from seedling to heading. This cultivar has about 12 tillers per hill and 94 spikelet numbers per panicle. Ripening ratio is about 72% and 1000 grain weight is 21.6 g in brown rice. This new variety shows grain shattering resistance and susceptible for blast, bacterial leaf blight and stripe virus. 'Boseogheugchal' has glutinous endosperm and low protein contents. It has higher anthocyanin content compared to black pigmented check cultivar 'Hegjinjubyeo'. The yield performance of brown rice was 4.82 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. 'Boseogheugchal' is adaptable to central plain area of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.459-465
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• 1997

The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of NT time on the rate of fusion a and suhseguent development In vitro and determine the optimal strength and duration of DC pulse for electrofusion of IVF donor embryo nuclei and IVM recipient oocytes. The recipient oocytes were enucleated 25 ~ 2Sh after IVM and further cultured for 18 ~ 20h prior to fusion for oocyte aging. IVF embryos as donor nuclei were C co cultured with BOEC for 16- to 32-cell stage development. The transfer time of donor bIas tomeres was 1~3h post-enucleation in early NT group and 1 ~ 18h post-enucleation in late NT group, respectively and fusion was performed 43~4Sh post-IVM. The fusion rate did not differ between the early NT and late NT group, but the rate of cleavage and 8- to 16-cell stage embryos in the late NT group was more higher than that in the early NT group. The fusion, cleavage and M+B development was high from O.7SkV /cm DC than from 1.0kV /cm DC voltage, resulting in 17.6% M+B from 0.75kV /cm DC voltage. No difference in fusion rate was among pulse durations, but 50 and 70 usec pulse duration showed slight high cleavage and M + B d development. The results indicate that the best NT time of IVF donor blastomeres into the enucleated oocytes was 42~44 post-IVM and the most suitable condition for electrofusion was a single 0.7SkV /cm DC voltage for SO~70$\mu$sec.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.682-697
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Tibetan tea is a kind of dark tea, due to the inherent complexity of natural products, the chemical composition and beneficial effects of Tibetan tea are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to unravel the composition of Tibetan tea using knowledge-guided multilayer network (KGMN) techniques and explore its potential antioxidant and hypolipidemic mechanisms in mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: The C57BL/6J mice were continuously gavaged with Tibetan tea extract (T group), green tea extract (G group) and ddH2O (H group) for 15 days. The activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mice was detected. Transcriptome sequencing technology was used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects of Tibetan tea in mice. Furthermore, the expression levels of liver antioxidant and lipid metabolism related genes in various groups were detected by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. RESULTS: The results showed that a total of 42 flavonoids are provisionally annotated in Tibetan tea using KGMN strategies. Tibetan tea significantly reduced body weight gain and increased T-AOC and SOD activities in mice compared with the H group. Based on the results of transcriptome and qPCR, it was confirmed that Tibetan tea could play a key role in antioxidant and lipid lowering by regulating oxidative stress and lipid metabolism related pathways such as insulin resistance, P53 signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, fatty acid elongation and fatty acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: This study was the first to use computational tools to deeply explore the composition of Tibetan tea and revealed its potential antioxidant and hypolipidemic mechanisms, and it provides new insights into the composition and bioactivity of Tibetan tea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.594-606
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• 2022

This study was conducted to figure out the environment factors including vegetation structure and soil characteristics in natural habitats of Sageretia thea, and offers the basic information for habitats conservation and proliferation. The natural habitats of Sageretia thea were located at altitudes between 0~370 m with inclinations ranged as 3~35°. Through the vegetation research, the dominant species of tree layers were found to be divided into four communities. Cornus macrophylla (Com. I), Pinus thunbergii - Cinnamomum camphora (Com. II), Machilus thunbergii (Com. III), and Pinus thunbergii (Com. IV). The Species diversity (H') was 1.397~1.455, evenness (J') was 0.972~0.986, and dominance (D) was found to be 0.014~0.028. As a result of the physicochemical characteristics of soils, habitats soil mainly consisted of sandy soil and sandy loam soil. The average soil pH was 5.28~5.98, electronic conductivity was 0.22~63 ds/m, soil organic matter was 13.33~19.33 cmol⁺/kg, Exchange cations were appeared in the order of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺. The Ordination result showed that Correlation coefficient between communities and environmental factors were significantly correlated with 4 main factors altitude, electronic conductivity, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable Na⁺. As expected, The result of this study will be helpful information on the preservation and mass production for use.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate natural distribution of aquatic plane and to find out natural aquatic plants which highly absorb nutrient N and P. We surveyed vegetation within ${\pm}2m$ from streamside in 12 tributaries of the West Nakdong river watershed during May to October in 2003. Hydrophytes surveyed in tributaries of the West Nakdong river watershed were 27 families, 61 genera, 76 species, 3 varieties. Major dominance species of aquatic plants were Z. latifolia, P. communis, P. thunbergii, P. arundinacea, P. japonica, and P. distichum var. indutum. Aquatic plants having high production ability of biomass were Z. latifolia, P. communis, P. arundinacea, P. japonica, and E. crus-galli var. echinata. In the vertical distribution of hydrophytes within streams, dominant species were P. thunbergii and P. japonica in the upper stream, but dominant species in the downstream were P. communis and Z. latifolia. Species diversity or aquatic, plants was reduced, but their biomass and nutrient (T-N and T-P) content per the natural area unit $(m^2)$ were increased in the downsteaam. Nutrient N and P content of aquatic plants per the natural area unit were high at Joman river, Pyeonggangcheon, Bulam drainage canal, and Hogyecheon. Fifty-seven species of aquatic plants having high biomass were grounped into 4 categories $(I{\sim}IV)$ according to their nutrient content per dry weight unit. I group $(T-N,\;\geqq20gkg^{-1}\;&\;P_2O_5,\;\geqq7gkg^{-1})$ was comprised of 3 submerged plants (H. verticillata, P. crispus, and C. demersum), e emergent plants (O. javanica, P. distichum var. indutum, and R. sceleratus), 1 suspended plant (T. japonica), and 1 riparian plant (A. lobatum). Otherwise, in classification of natural hydrophytes according to their nutrient content per natural area unit, Z. latifolia, P. communis, P. longiseta, P. arundinacea, and P. distichum var. indutum possessing great biomass productivity as emergent plants were included in I group $(T-N,\;\geqq1gm^{-2}\;&\;P_2O_5,\;\geqq0.7gm^{-2})$.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2004

This paper describes the development of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine as potential renal function diagnostic radiopharmaceutical and evaluation of its biological characteristics using experimental animals. l-Cysteine was labeled efficiently with $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl precursor $([^{99m}Tc(CO)_3(H_2O)_3)]^{+})$ under 30 min heating at ${75^{\circ}C}$. Labeling yield and stability were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biodistribution property of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine in mice and its dynamic imaging profiles in rabbits were carried out. To investigate the excretion mechanism of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine, tubular transport inhibition test with probenecid was adopted. $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine was obtained with a high labeling yield under the moderate condition. The results of biodistribution experiments of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine in ICR mice at 3 and 90 min provided that $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine was very highly accumulated in the kidney and bladder, thereby almost 99% of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine was excreted within 90 min post injection. The same results were confirmed by the whole body dynamic images for 30 minutes and static images in rabbits at given time intervals after injection. Renogram of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine in rabbits showed that its $T_{max}$ and $T_{1/2}$ of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine were $2.33{\pm}0.56$ and $4.30{\pm}0.79$ min, respectively. The $T_{max}$ of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine with probenecid pretreatment was $2.30{\pm}0.17$ min, whereas $T_{1/2}$ of that with probenecid pretreatment was $17.0{\pm}32.47$ min. $T_{1/2}$ of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine with probenecid pretreatment was significantly different, as compared to the result without probenecid (p<0.0001). The results showed that the excretion of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine was extremely affected by probenecid. Therefore, $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl cysteine was rapidly excreted from the kidney principally by the tubular secretion.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.143-155
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• 2002

A survey on biliary atresia was made among 26 members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. The members were required to complete a questionnaire and a case registration form for each patient during the twentyone-year period of 1980-2000. Three hundred and eighty patients were registered from 18 institutions. The average number of patients per surgeon was one to two every year. The male to female ratio was 1:1.3. The age of patients on diagnosis with biliary atresia was on average $65.4{\pm} 36.2$ days old. The national distribution was 32.8% in Seoul, 25.3% in Gyoungki-Do, 21.6% in Gyoungsang-Do, 9.27% in Choongchung-Do, etc. in order. The most common clinical presentation was jaundice (98.4%) and change of stool color (86.2%) was second. Two hundred eighty (74.7%) of 375 patients were operated by 80 days of age. Three hundred thirty six (9 1.9%) of 366 patients were operated on by the original Kasai procedure, and 305 (84.3%) of 362 patients were observed by bile-drainage postoperatively. The overall postoperative complication rate was 18.5% and the overall postoperative mortality rate was 6.8%. The associated anomalies were observed in 72 cases (22.5%). One hundred ninty five (64.7%) of 302 patients have been alive in follow-up and 49 (25.1%) have survived over 5 years without problem after operation. Ascending cholangitis, varices and ascites affected survival significantly, and the important long-term prognostic factor was the occurrence of complications.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2004

The objective of this study was performed to establish the in vitro culture system of porcine in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization(IVM/IVF) embryo. These studies was to determine the effects of melatonin, nitric oxide donor(SNP), and the combination effects of SNP and melatonin in porcine IVM/IVF embryos. In routine porcine IVM/IVF procedure, oocytes were cultured for 40∼44h incubation, and the zygotes were cultured for 40∼44h in NCSU 23 medium. Then 2 to 8 cell embryos were removed cumulus cell and were allotted randomly to NCSU 23 containing different concentration of melatonin, SNP and SNP plus melatonin in 5% $O_2$, 5% $CO_2$ and 90% $N_2$ at 38.5$^{\circ}C$. Cell numbers of blastocyst were also counted using double fluorescence stain method. In NCSU 23 medium treated with melatonin 0, 1, 5 and 10 nM, the developmental rate of morula plus blastocysts were 33.3%, 39.1%, 33.3% and 27.9%, respectivly. This result show that the developmental rate of morula and blascytocys treated with 1 nM melatonin was higher than in any other groups(P<0.05). The developmental rates of morula plus blastocysts were 41.9% in 0 uM SNP, 25.6% in 50 uM and 28.4% in 100 uM, respectively. The developmental rate of morula plus blastocysts were decreased treated with SNP in NCSU 23. In combined effects of SNP plus melatonin (0, SNP 50 uM, SNP 50 uM plus melatonin 1 nM, SNP 50 uM plus melatonin 5 nM and SNP 50 uM plus melatonin 10 nM), the developmental rates beyond morula stage of porcine embryos were 31.3%, 34.1%, 39.5%, 29.4% and 39.5%, respectively. The addition of SNP 50 uM plus maltonin 1 nM, developmental rates of blastocyst was higher rate than in any other groups. Cell numbers of blastocyst in NCSU 23 treated with melatonin 0, 1, 5 and 10 nM were 41.0, 42.6, 39.6 and 33.0, respectively. In combined effects of SNP plus melatonin (0, SNP 50 uM, SNP 50 uM plus melatonin 1 nM , SNP 50 uM plus melatonin 5 nM and SNP 50 uM plus melatonin 10 nM), cell numbers of developed blastocyst were 36.3, 34.6, 39.0, 39.9 and 39.0, respectively. These result show that the cell numbers of blastocyst treated with 0, 1 and 5 nM melatonin were higher than in 10 nM group(P<0.05), but cell numbers of blatocyst produced by SNP plus melatonin were not significantly difference in all experimental groups.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.567-573
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• 2017

In this work, tungsten oxide ($WO_x$) supported on SBA-15 (mesoporous silica) were prepared and applied for oxidative desulfurization of sulfur compounds in marine diesel containing about 230 ppmw of sulfur concentration. Prepared catalysts were examined by two steps; at first step, oxidation reaction carried out with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant and then the oxidized sulfur compounds were extracted by acetonitrile as solvent. Catalysts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and $N_2$ adsorption-desorption isotherms. Tungsten oxide exists as monoclinic crystal system on SBA-15 and over about 10 wt% of the $WO_x$ loading took the form of multi-layers on SBA-15. The 13 wt% $WO_x$/SBA-15 catalyst exhibite highest activity, achieving about 76.3% sulfur removal in the reaction conditions, such as catalyst amount of 0.1 g, reaction temperature at $90^{\circ}C$, reaction time for 3 h and O/S molar ratio of 10. One time oxidation reaction is enough oxidize the sulfur compounds in marine diesel completely. The repetition experiment of extraction process indicated that sulfur removal could reach 94.4% after 5 times.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.84-84
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• 2012

소자가 고집적화 됨에 따라, 비저항이 낮고 electro migration (EM), Stress Migration (SM) 특성이 우수한 구리(Cu)를 배선재료로서 사용하고 있다. 그러나, 구리는 Si과 $SiO_2$의 내부로 확산이 빠르게 일어나, Si 소자 내부에 deep donor level을 형성하고, 누설 전류를 증가시키는 등 소자의 성능을 저하시킬 수 있는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 그러나, electroplating 을 이용하여 증착한 Cu 박막은 일반적으로 확산 방지막으로 쓰이는 TiN, TaN, 등의 물질과의 접착 (adhesion) 특성이 나쁘다. 따라서, Cu CMP 에서 증착된 Cu 박막의 벗겨지거나(peeling), EM or SM 저항성 저하 등의 배선에서의 reliability 문제를 야기하게된다. 따라서 Cu 와 접착 특성이 좋은 새로운 확산방지막 또는 adhesion layer의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 Cu 배선에서의 접착성 문제를 해결하고자 Metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD)을 이용하여 제조한 코발트(Co) 박막을 $Cu/TaN_x$ 사이의 접착력 개선을 위한 adhesion layer로 적용하려는 시도를 하였다. Co는 비저항이 낮고, Cu 와 adhesion이 좋으며, Cu direct electroplating 이 가능하다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 하지만, 수소 분위기에서 $C_{12}H_{10}O_6(Co)_2$ (dicobalt hexacarbonyl tert-butylacetylene, CCTBA) 전구체에 의한 MOCVD Co 박막의 경우 탄소, 산소와 같은 불순물이 다량 함유되어 있어, 비저항, surface roughness 가 높아지게 된다. 따라서 구리 전착 초기에 구리의 핵 생성(nucleation)을 저해하고 핵 생성 후에도 응집(agglomeration)이 발생하여 연속적이고 얇은 구리막 형성을 방해한다. 이를 해결하기 위해, MOCVD Co 박막 증착 시 수소 반응 가스에 암모니아를 추가로 주입하여, 수소/암모니아의 분압을 1:1, 1:6, 1:10으로 변화시켜 $Co/TaN_x$ 박막의 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 각각의 수소/암모니아 분압에 따른 $Co/TaN_x$ 박막을 TEM (Transmission electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), AES (Auger electron spectroscopy)를 통해 물성 및 조성을 분석하였고, AFM (Atomic force microscopy)를 이용하여, surface roughness를 측정하였다. 실험 결과, $Co/TaN_x$ 박막은 수소/암모니아 분압 1:6에서 90 ${\mu}{\Omega}-cm$의 낮은 비저항과 0.97 nm 의 낮은 surface roughness 를 가졌다. 뿐만 아니라, MOCVD 에 의해 증착된 Co 박막이4-6 % concentration 의 탄소 및 산소 함량을 가지는 것으로 나타났고, 24nm 크기의 trench 기판 위에 약 6nm의 $Co/TaN_x$ 박막이 매우 균일하게 형성된 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은, 향후 $Co/TaN_x$ 박막이 Cu direct electroplating 공정이 가능한 diffusion barrier로서 성공적으로 사용될 수 있음을 보여준다.