• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2010년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.48.2-48.2
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• 2010

The effect of additives as rare-earth in dielectric materials has been studied to meet the development trend in electronics on the miniaturization with increasing the capacitance of MLCCs (multi-layered ceramic capacitors). It was reported that the addition of rare-earth oxides in dielectrics would contribute to enhance dielectric properties and high temperature stability. Especially, dysprosium and thulium are well known to the representative elements functioned as selective substitution in barium titanate with perovskite structure. The effects of these additives on microstructure and electric properties were studied. The 0.8 mol% Dy doped $BaTiO_3$ and the 1.0 mol% Tm doped $BaTiO_3$ had the highest electric properties as optimized composition, respectively. According to the increase of rare-earth contents, the growth of abnormal grains was suppressed and pyrochlore phase was formed in more than solubility limits. Furthermore, the effect of two rare-earth elements co-doped $BaTiO_3$ on the dielectric properties and insulation resistance was investigated with different concentration. The dielectric specimens with $BaTiO_3-Dy_2O_3-Tm2O_3$ system were prepared by design of experiment for improving the electric properties and sintered at $1320^{\circ}C$ for 2h in a reducing atmosphere. The dielectric properties were evaluated from -55 to $125^{\circ}C$ (at $1KHz{\pm}10%$ and $1.0{\pm}0.2V$) and the insulation resistance was examined at 16V for 2 min. The morphology and crystallinity of the specimens were determined by microstructural and phase analysis.

• 센서학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2023

Salt cores have attracted considerable attention for their application to the casting process of electric vehicle parts as a solution to ecological issues. However, the salt core still has low mechanical strength for use in high-pressure die casting. In this study, we investigated the improvements in the bending strength of KCl-based salt cores resulting from the use of reinforcing materials. KCl and Na₂CO₃ powders were used as matrix materials, and glass fiber and carbon fiber were used as reinforcing materials. The effects of carbon fiber and glass fiber contents on the bending strength properties were investigated. Here, we obtained a new fiber-reinforced salt core composition with improved bending strength for high-pressure die casting by adding a relatively small amount of glass fiber (0.3 wt%). The reinforced salt core indicates the improved properties, including a bending strength of 49.3 Mpa, linear shrinkage of 1.5%, water solubility rate of 16.25 g/min·m² in distilled water, and hygroscopic rate of 0.058%.

• 분석과학
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2007

본 연구는 매트릭스형의 농약 활성물질을 포함하는 서방성 수분 인지제제 및 그의 제조방법에 관한 것이다. 산을 첨가한 커들란 용액에 망목구조를 가진 매트릭스가 형성되며 이 매트릭스에 열처리를 하게 되면 수용성이 없어진다. 본 매트릭스의 망목구조는 수분이 존재조건에서 열리며 건조조건에서는 다시 닫히게 된다. 그러므로 본 서방성 제형시스템에서는 수분이 있는 조건에서만 농약 활성물질이 제형에서 방출된다. 본 서방성 제제에 따른 구성을 이용하면 농약 활성물질의 효과 발현시기를 제어할 수 있고, 약해(藥害) 등의 발생을 경감시킬 수 있다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2009

본 연구는 polyimide (Pl)막에 2,2'-bis(3,4-carboxylphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA)과 4,4'-dia-minodiphenylmethane (DAM)을 이용하여 폴리이미드 막을 중합반응을 통해 합성하였고, 합성된 Pl막을 5분에서 20분까지 설폰화 반응을 통해 막에 설폰산기를 도입하였다. 개질된 막에 대한 기체 투과도와 분리요인을 단일 기체인 $N_2$, $O_2$, $CO_2$에 대해 조사하였다. 설폰화 반응을 진행한 모든 범위의 시간에서 bulky한 그룹의 $-{SO_3}H$의 도입으로 인하여 확산도와 용해도는 모두 감소되었다. 설폰화 반응 시간이 20분 경과하였을 때, $N_2$ 가스의 확산도와 용해도는 각각 21%와 26%까지 감소하였다. 결과적으로 설폰화 반응이 20분이 지났을 때 $O_2/N_2$와 $CO_2/N_2$의 분리 효율은 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2003

The selectivity of a gas in the carbon molecular sieve membrane (CMSM) can be expressed as the ratio of the product of the diffusivity and the solubility of two different gases. The diffusivity is also expressed as the product of the entropy and the total energy (kinetic and potential energy) in the nano-sized pore of the membrane. The present study calculates the entropic-energy and selectivity of penetrant gases such as H$_2$, O$_2$, N$_2$, and CO$_2$ from the gas-in-a box theory to physically analyze the diffusivity of penetrant gas in slit-shaped pore of CMSM focusing on the restriction of gas motion based on the size difference between penetrant gas pairs. The contribution of each energy term is converted to entropic term separately. By the conjugated calculation for each entropic-energy, the entropic effects on diffusivity-selectivity for gas pairs such as H$_2$/N$_2$, CO$_2$/N$_2$, and O$_2$/N$_2$ were analyzed within active pore of CMSM. In the activated diffusion domain, the calculated value of entropic-selectivity lies between 9.25 and 111.6 for H$_2$/N$_2$, between 3.36 and 6.0 for CO$_2$/N$_2$, and between 1.25 and 16.94 for O$_2$/N$_2$, respectively. The size decrement of active pore in CMSM had the direct effect on the reduction of translational entropic-energy and the contribution of vibrational entropic-energy for N$_2$, O$_2$, and H$_2$ was almost negligible. However, the vibrational entropic term of CO$_2$ might extravagantly affect on the entropic-selectivity.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.511-520
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• 2000

Various bupivacaine-loaded microspheres were prepared from poly (d,l-lactide) (PLA) or poly (d,l-lactic-co-glycolide) (PLGA) by a solvent evaporation method for the sustained release of drug. PLA and PLGA microspheres were prepared by w/o/w and w/o/o multiple emulsion solvent evaporation, respectively. The effects of process conditions such as emulsification speed, emulsifier type, emulsifier concentration and internal/external phase ratio on the characteristics of microspheres were investigated. The prepared microspheres were characterized for their drug loading, size distribution, surface morphology and release kinetics. Drug loading efficiency was higher in the microspheres prepared by w/o/o multiple emulsion than that by w/o/w multiple emulsion method, because the solubility of bupivacaine HCI was decreased in oil phase compared with water phase. The prepared microspheres had an average diameter between 1 and $2\;{\mu}M$ in all conditions of two methods. In morphology studies the PLA microspheres showed an irregular shape and smooth surface, but PLGA microspheres had a spherical shape and smooth surface. The release pattern of the drug from microspheres was evaluated on the basis of the burst effect and the extent of the release after 24h. The in vitro release of bupivacaine HCl from microspheres showed a large initial burst release and $60{\sim}80%$ release within one day in all conditions of two methods. The extents of the burst release against PLA and PLGA microspheres were $30{\sim}50%$ and $50{\sim}80%$ within 20min, respectively. This burst release seems to be due to the smaller size of microspheres and the solubility of drug in water.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 센서 박막재료 반도체 세라믹
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• pp.116-119
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• 2003

Self-patterning of thin films using photosensitive sol solution has advantages such as simple manufacturing process compared to photoresist/dry etching process. In this study, ferroelectric $Sr_{0.9}Bi_{2.1}Ta_2O_9$(SBT) and $La_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}CoO_3$(LSCO)thin films have been prepared by spin coating method using photosensitive sol solution. $Sr(OC_2H5)_2$, $Bi(TMHD)_3$ and $Ta(OC_2H)_5)_5$ were used as starting materials for SBT solution and $La(OCH_2CH_2OCH_3)_3$, $Sr(OC_2H_5)_2$, $CO(OCH_2CH_2OCH_3)_2$ were used for LSCO solution. Solubility difference by UV irradiation on LSCO thin film allows to obtain a fine patterning due to M-O-M bond formation. The lowest resistivity($4{\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}cm$) of LSCO thin films was obtained by annealing at $740^{\circ}C$.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.10-14
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• 1994

지효성 K비료는 KOH, KCl 등 속효성 K원료와 Fly ash중 난용성 K를 이용하였고 소성시 보조제로서 부연탄가루, $Mg(OH)_2$, $K_2CO_3$와 Borax를 혼합하여 제조하였다. 목표 K함량에 맞게 원료와 보조제 혼합비율이 결정되었으며 무연탄가루와 $Mg(OH)_2$의 적정 배합비율은 각각 12%, 3%이었으며 소성온도는 $850^{\circ}C$, 소성시간은 30분이 적정선으로 판명되었다. 시제품은 소성온도가 낮고 소성시간이 짧은 경우 시제품의 특성에 부적합하였다. 제조된 시제품의 K성분은 지효화되어 목표치에 부합되었다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.233-242
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• 2018

본 연구는 GO (graphene oxide)를 활용한 기체 분리막 연구를 위해 PEBAX [poly(ether-block-amide)]에 GO를 첨가하여 PEBAX-GO 고분자 복합막을 제조하고, 이 복합막을 통해 $H_2$, $N_2$, $CH_4$, $CO_2$에 대한 기체투과 특성을 연구하였다. 기체투과 실험결과 PEBAX-GO 복합막에 대해 $N_2$, $CH_4$, $CO_2$의 기체투과도는 GO 함량이 증가함에 따라 점차 감소하였다. 반면 $H_2$의 기체투과도는 GO 함량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였고, GO 함량 30 wt%에서는 21.43 barrer로 단일막에 비하여 약 5배가 증가하였는데 GO는 $H_2$에 대해 다른 기체들에 비해 빠르고 선택적인 기체운송 channel로 더 용이하게 작용하였기 때문이다. 증가된 선택도($H_2/N_2$)와 선택도($H_2/CH_4$)는 투과기체 크기에 의한 확산선택도가, 증가된 선택도($CO_2/N_2$)와 선택도($CO_2/CH_4$)는 $CO_2$와 GO의 -COOH와의 친화성으로 용해선택성이 더 크게 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제17권E4호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2001

Jet Bubbling Reactors(JBRs) were operated for the removal of SO$_{x}$ in flue gases produced from many electric power plants. However, many JBR flue gas desulfurization (FGD) facility faced a decrease of SO$_{x}$ removal efficiency and an increase of scale problems with continuous operations. We increased alkalinity of the SO$_{2}$ absorbing medium by adding the dibasic acids (DBAs) to solve these problems more effectively. The SO$_{2}$ removal efficiency, the purity of CaCO$_{3}$ and COD of the wastewater was measured to identify the addition effects of DBAs (150, 200, 250, and 400 ppm) for 2hr in a day into the JBR attached to the large-scale power plants (400 MW$\times$3). Addition of the DBAs resulted in the improvement of the SO$_{2}$ removal efficiency from 2 to 5% and the purity of the gypsum from 1 to 2%; these improvement were due to the alkalinity increase of the absorbing medium and the reduction of a proportion of un-reacted CaCO$_{3}$, respectively. Also, the scale problems formed by un-reacted CaCO$_{3}$ inside the reaction zone of the JBR were substantially reduced. Even though the effluent COD of the wastewater slightly increased from 10~15 to 18~36 mg/l and the erosion problems in the injection pump and duct occurred, this method of increasing SO$_{2}$ removal efficiency by adding the DBAs could be considered as a profitable approach.ach.