• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1117-1121
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• 2008

Recently energy consumption and $CO_2$ emission issue are important problem on international society. The present study has been conducted economic analysis considering economical value of $CO_2$ reduction effect. We analyze annual energy cost and annual $CO_2$ emission of the cogeneration system and gas boiler system in hotel. The first results shows that annual energy cost of cogeneration system (751,740,126 won) is more profitable than gas boiler system (801,128,408 won) by 6.2% (49,388,281 won). The second results shows that annual $CO_2$ emission of cogeneration system (3,297 ton) is less than gas boiler system (3,536 ton) by 6.8% (239 ton). The Economical value of $CO_2$ reduction effect is 4,773,898 won. The cost effect according to the reduction of $CO_2$ is corresponding to 9.7% of reduction cost for total energy cost. The result of this study means that $CO_2$ reduction effect is essential item in introduction and change of facility for economic analysis.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.2921-2927
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• 2011

Modal Shift from road to rail has been adapted in several countries as one of effective ways of reducing $CO_2$ emissions caused by transport. Generally, effect analysis of $CO_2$ reduction toward modal shift is calculated mainly from use stage and less consideration from other stages of life cycle, even though, in some case of modal shift needs that new line construction or new vehicle manufacturing. In this study, modal shift effect analysis is performed with considering construction, manufacturing vehicle and use stage. As a result we can get total $CO_2$ reduction effect using life cycle thinking and check the necessity of including other life cycle stage not only considering use stage. In conclusion, there is no $CO_2$ reduction effect if the reduction amount of $CO_2$ in use stage is not bigger than allocated annual amount of $CO_2$ in construction and manufacturing vehicle stage. According to this fact, analysing $CO_2$ reduction effect of Modal Shift should be considered not only the use stage.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.163-181
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• 2010

As a part of efforts to reduce the global emissions of greenhouse gases, the Kyoto Protocol was signed by major developed countries ("Annex I" countries). According to the Kyoto protocol, the Emission Trading Scheme that derives a trading market of the $CO_2$ emission rights is appeared. It causes that business institutions give lots of efforts to reduce $CO_2$ by using new environmentally sound technologies or increasing efficiency in production. On the while there have been several studies trying to develop a methodology to measure the effect of $CO_2$ reduction and its monetary value. In this research we suggest ECRE (Evaluation of $CO_2$ Reduction in E-transformation) model which can measure the $CO_2$ reduction effect through the introduction of G2B system. ECRC model was developed based on the IPCC methodology. ECRC model measures the two major effects of the $CO_2$ reduction which are '$CO_2$ reduction effect from transportation' and '$CO_2$ reduction effect from the decrease of paper use'. In this paper, we calculate the economic effect of $CO_2$ reduction with the case of the G2B system in Korea. This research suggests a basic methodology to measure the $CO_2$ reduction performance for the e-transformed institution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.97-108
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• 1999

This numerical study was to investigate the effect of $CO_2$ addition on the structures and NOx formation characteristics in $CH_4$ counterflow diffusion flame. The importance of radiation effect was identified and $CO_2$ addition effect was investigated in terms of thermal and chemical reaction effect. Also the causes of NOx reduction were clarified by separation method of each formation mechanisms. The results were as follows : The radiation effect was intensified by $CO_2$ addition. Thermal effect mainly contributed to the changes in flame structure and the amount of NO formation but the chemical reaction effect also cannot be neglected. The reduction of thermal NO was dominant with respect to reduction rate, but that of prompt NO was dominant with respect to total amount.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.73-84
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• 2013

The development of the information on the internet brought a lot of changes in the real estate market. Because the real estate has local distinctiveness and individuality household who want to move must to visit place for housing information. But now household use internet real estate information at every decision-moving step and that is able to reduce not only the cost of real estate information but also social benefit like $CO_2$ emissions reduction effect. In this study, I analyzed the effect of $CO_2$ emissions reduction with Seoul household residential mobility data when household take informations from internet real estate site. As increasing a single family who is good at internet service, the effect of $CO_2$ reduction from the development of the Internet real estate information has more increased.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.87-98
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• 2014

This study is to identify quantitatively the function of carbon dioxide emissions reduction due to temperature and energy reduction according to direct carbon dioxide storage, shade provision, and evaportanspiration of urban park. According to the result of study, landscape tree indicated high carbon dioxide storage effect compare to bush, in which broadleaf tree indicated higher storage function than coniferous tree. It is believed to be the storage of carbon dioxide can be increased by increasing the composition rate of forest plants in the urban park. According to the direct estimation result of carbon dioxide storage in terms of example area, storage of carbon dioxide is estimated to be "seoul a zone" $476,818.8kg{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$, "anyang b zone" $186,435.7{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$, "daejeon c zone" $262,826{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$, "kwangju d zone" $231,657.8{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$. The carbon dioxide storage per unit area estimated to be "seoul a zone" $3.4{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$, "anyang b zone" $5.0{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$, "daejeon c zone" $2.6{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$, "kwangju d zone" $5.6{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$. The result of indirect carbon dioxide reduction effect estimated to be "seoul a zone" $291,603.4{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$, "anyang b zone" $165,462.4{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$, "daejeon c zone" $141,719.2{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$, "kwangju d zone" $154,803.4{\cdot}CO_2/m^2yr$. Carbon dioxide reduction potential amount through the urban park was increased to 1.6 times to 1.8 times when calculated to the indirect effect.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3D
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• pp.375-381
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• 2011

This study presents an analysis of $CO_2$ emission reduction effect on bus information system (BIS) which is operated to improve various services of bus transit such as rapid and on-time service. Although the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released three methodological types of models for analyzing the amount of greenhouse gas reduction, this study used the Tier 3 method that is the most concrete one. A case study was performed to a 8.3 km section of Daejun-Chungjoo BIS system, and dataset required to the Tier 3 method was obtained from ITS-based surveillance systems. The study result showed that the reduction effect of $CO_2$ on BIS operation was yearly $39.45tCO_2/km$. Therefore, such effect can be potentially useful to a measurement of effectiveness (MOE) of BIS projects hereafter.

• 연구논문집
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• s.31
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• pp.45-51
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• 2001

One of emerging technologies under development in the advanced countries is considered as RDF(Refuse Derived Fuel) power generation, which could meet both the requirement of an alternative energy resource utilization and $CO_2$ reduction. This paper deals with the effect to the thermal effiency and CO2 reduction of RDF firing power generation. The statistical data of domestic MSW generation in last year in small and medium cities for evaluating the merits of the RDF power generation were used. The analysis for RDF power generation compared to the existing incinerator w/o(or w/) power generation shows around 20.6%(10.0%) up in the total thermal efficiency and 57.0%(31.4%) up in the $CO_2$ reduction respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 1999

We sdudied effect of additives on catalytic activity in thermal catalytic de-NOx process which was composed of thermal reduction, catalytic reduction and catalytic oxidation stage. Pd-Pt/${\gamma}$-$Al_2O_3$ catalysts with the addition of transition metals(Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, W, Zn, Zr) and rare earth metals(Ce, Sr) were prepared by the conventional washcoating method. Those catalysts were characterized by CO pulse chemisorption, ICP, $N_2$ adsorption, SEM and XRD. The effect of catalyst additives on NOx removal for diesel emission was studied in thermal catalytic de-NOx process at reduction temperature(350~50$0^{\circ}C$), space velocity(5,000~20,000 $hr^{-1}$) and the engine load(0~120kW). The concentraton of CO, $CO_2$, NO and $NO_2$ in the exhaust gas increased with the engine load. On the other hand the concentration of $O_2$ decreased. The de-NOx activityof all prepared catalysts increased with respect to high CO and low $O_2$ level in the thermal reduction stage of the process. Insertion of Ce to Pt-Pd/${\gamma}$-$Al_2O_3$ catalyst showed the best activity of all the catalysts under these experimental conditions. De-NOx catalysts are effective to remove CO in addition to NOx in the catalytic reduction stage.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.949-955
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• 2000

Numerical study with detailed chemistry has been conducted to investigate the NOx formation and structure in $CH_4/Air-CO_2$ counterflow diffusion flames. The importance of radiation effect is identified and the role of $CO_2$ addition is addressed to thermal and chemical reaction effects, which can be precisely specified through the introduction of an imaginary species. Also NO separation technique is utilized to distinguish the contribution of thermal and prompt NO formation mechanisms. The results are as follows : The radiation effect is dominant at low strain rates and it is intensified by $CO_2$ addition. Thermal effect mainly contributes to the changes in flame structure and the amount of NO formation but the chemical reaction effect also cannot be neglected. It is noted that flame structure is changed considerably due to the addition of $CO_2$ in such a manner that the path of methane oxidation prefers to take $CH_4 {\rightarrow}CH_3{\rightarrow}C_2H_6{\rightarrow}C_2H_5$ instead of $CH_4 {\rightarrow}CH_3{\rightarrow}CH_2{\rightarrow}CH$. At low strain rate(a=10) the reduction of thermal NO is dominant with respect to reduction rate, but that of prompt NO is dominant with respect to total amount.