• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2018

This study is focused on manganese (Mn(II)) removal by ozonation in surface water. Instant ozone demand for the water was 0.5 mg/L in the study. When 0.5 mg/L of Mn(II) is existed in water, the optimum ozone concentration was 1.25 mg/L with reaction time 10 minutes to meet the drinking water regulation. The ozone concentration to meet the drinking water regulation was much higher than the stoichiometric concentration. The reaction of soluble manganese removal was so fast that the reaction time does not affect the removal dramatically. When Mn(II) is existed with Fe, the removal of Mn(II) was not affected by Fe ion. However As(V) is existed as co-ion the removal of Mn(II) was decreased by 10%. Adding ozone to surface water has limited effect to remove dissolved organic matter. When ozone is used as oxidant to remove Mn(II) in the water, the existing co-ion should be evaluated to determine optimum concentration.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2021

Even though the number of CO poisoning casualties caused by unintended idling for the vehicles equipped with keyless ignition systems is more than 70, the problem still remains unsolved and became social issue in the US, and Senates introduced the bill which urges NHSTA to make regulation for this accordingly. To meet market safety needs and the regulations, we decided to provide automatic shut-off system very soon. In this paper, we would like to describe how to validate vehicle shut-off timing including defining required tests and case selections considering vehicle condition, garage/room size and temperatures with several assumptions. We believe that safe implementation of the shut-off function is possible via this methodology and the results. As NHTSA must be interested in shut-off timing, the methodology can be enhanced and conclusions could be reflected highly in the future regulation in case we continue this study with NHTSA or any other 3-rd party institutes.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.41-46
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• 2015

Energy saving in the transport sector in the framework of the annual growth of energy consumption, the degree of negative impact on the environment and the amount of harmful emissions are becoming increasingly important. The article considers the world tendencies of energy consumption in transportation sector and emphasizes its dependency from oil. Also article describes the dynamics of energy use and CO₂ emissions from transport of city Almaty. In conclusion authors identify a number of problems in the transport sector, which hinder the implementation of energy efficiency measures and measures to reduce CO₂ emissions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.565-568
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• 2013

Acetyl-CoA carboxylases (ACCs) play critical roles in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation by the catalytic activity of the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. It is known that ACCs are inactivated through reversible phosphorylation by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and allosterically activated by citrate. Here, we determined the crystal structures of biotin carboxylase (BC) domain of human ACC2 phosphorylated by AMPK in the presence of citrate in order to elucidate the activation mechanism by citrate. This structure shows that phosphorylated Ser222 is released from the dimer interface, and thereby facilitating the dimerization or oligomerization of the BC domain allosterically. This structural explanation is coincident with the experimental result that the phosphorylated Ser222 was dephosphorylated more easily by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as the citrate concentration increases.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2021

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-atrophic effect of polycan in dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in vitro model. Methods : C2C12 myoblast were differentiated into myotube by 2% horese serum medium for 6 days, and then treated polycan extract at different concentrations for 24h. The effect of dexamethasone on the induction of muscle atrophy and expression of atrophy-related genes in differentiated C2C12 myotubes using a GSH, ROS, real-time PCR, western blots analysis. Results : The results showed that Treatment with polycan (100 and 200 ㎍/㎖) noncytotoxic levels on both myoblast and myotube. Polycan decreased the ROS level overproduced with dexamethasone and improved the depletion of GSH level. Dexamethasone showed a decrease in myotube diameter, which was associated with up-regulation muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases markers, such as atrogin-1, FoxO3, myostatin and muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF1), and down-regulation of myogenin, MEF2, Myogenic regulatory factor 5, 6 and MyoD. The results showed that polycan treatment significantly dose-dependently inhibited it. Furthermore, decreased expressions of PI3K/Akt signal pathway by dexamethasone were reversed by treatment with polycan. Conclusions : Thus, polycan suppresses dexamethasone induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotube in vitro model through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway and protective effect of improve skeletal muscle function.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.822-823
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• 2007

It is easily can be expected that Korea cannot be free under the regulation, because Korea is one of the major $CO_2$ emitter in the world. Even though Korea currently doesn't have any obligation to mitigate the carbon emission, power industry needs to study the effect of that. this paper aims to analyze the change of economic loading order for generation dispatch by various carbon price, looking at each plant's or generator's variable generation cost per unit electricity(kWh) that consists of basic generation price calculated by automatic generation system planning model, WASP 4.0, and $CO_2$ price per unit electricity generation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.72-78
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• 2009

The regulation for $CO_2$ emissions from vehicles have become much more stringent in recent years. These more stringent regulations request vehicle manufacturers to develop alternative fuels to reduce exhaust emissions. In this paper, $CO_2$ emission of gasoline, diesel and LPG vehicles in the CVS-75mode is analyzed. The experimental results indicated that the cold starting acceleration period of $CO_2$ emission was much longer compared to the hot start acceleration period. For example, gasoline vehicle and LPG fuel vehicle had 21% higher $CO_2$ emission and diesel vehicle had 34% higher $CO_2$ emission.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.168-180
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• 2022

The IMO has decided to proceed with the early introduction of EEDI Phase 3, a CO₂ emission regulation to prevent global warming. Measures to reduce CO₂ emissions for ships that can be applied immediately are required to achieve CO₂ reduction. We set six different CO₂ emission scenarios according to the type of ship and fuel, and designed a monoethanolamine-based CO₂ capture process for ships using a rate-based model of Aspen Plus v10. The simulation model using Aspen Plus was validated using pilot plant operation data. A ship inevitably tilts during operation, and the performance of a tilted column decreases as its height increases. When configuring the conventional CO₂ capture process, we considered that the required column heights were so high that performance degradation was unavoidable when the process was implemented on a ship. We applied a parallel column concept to lower the column height and to enable easy installation and operation on a ship. Simulations of the parallel column confirmed that the required column height was lowered to less than 3 TEU (7.8 m).

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.167-174
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• 2011

This paper described the estimation methods of CO2 emission of vehicles. The important of energy and environment has emerged in the world, and the field of vehicle's development as well. CO2 was particularly the object of emission-regulation that caused of global warming. There are performance comparison methods by driving mileage, International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and chemical equation for the combustion of Octane. We took the measurement by getting data through OBD-II port from vehicle covered 5 km on road. We got the diagnosis information, specific mileage and fuel consumption in this experiment. We are able to expect similar CO2 emission by the methods in the normal speed driving. Also, we can make more realistic approach of CO2 emission by the method of estimation by IPCC and chemical equation for the combustion of Octane in rapid acceleration driving.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.1127-1130
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• 2003

In the last several centuries, humankind have been experienced the material abundance with a development of technical civilization and being industrialized quickly. During the process of this, environmental pollutant have occurred naturally so that humankind have more interests for environment pollutant. Air pollution caused by exhaust from a car is very harmful for human. Most of exhaust from a gasoline engine are $CO_x(CO+CO_2),\;NO_x(NO+NO_2)$, and THC(Total Hydrocarbon). The method to remove these kinds of noxious gases are so many thing such as the three catalysts, $NO_x$ catalysts, Filter and so on. However, although air pollution caused by exhaust from motorcycle have also occurred very much, there is no regulation for motorcycle. In this paper, we studied to remove $CO_x(CO+CO_2),\;NO_x(NO+NO_2)$, THC exhaust from a motorcycle using non-thermal plasma In the result, $NO_x(NO+NO_2)$ concentration was decreased approximately 70% and THC(Total Hydrocarbon) was removed about 40%.