• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.72-81
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• 2014

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) suggested the three methodology, Tier 1/2/3, considering with the accuracy and difficulty of greenhouse gas emission statistics according to the report determined as the international criterion. In Korea, the existing inventory building was made by the Top-down approach applying with the emission factors for transportation in the entire energy consumption, the emission factors were investigated under the domestic traffic situation which did not reflect by the continuing increase of vehicle and the change of road section. From the suggestion of IPCC, which it is estimated that the emission estimation of $CO_2$ in greenhouse gas emission could be calculated more accurate by the carbon content according to the fuel, the establishment of measures to respond to climate change from the latest greenhouse gas emissions statistics will be able to improve the accuracy of national statistics using monthly or seasonally the analysis of carbon content about the transportation fuels.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.597-609
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• 2018

Korea Forest Service has supplied 76 industrial wood pellet boilers from 2011 to 2015 through subsidy programs. Since carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$) generated during boiler combustion are substances that lead to death in the case of acute poisoning, it is very important to reduce emissions. Therefore, the CO and $NO_x$ emission values of 63 boilers excluding the hot air blower and some boilers initially supplied were analyzed. The emission factor was also calculated from the measured exhaust gas concentration (based on exhaust gas $O_2$ concentration of 12%). The average value of CO emitted from industrial wood pellet boilers was 49 ppm and it was confirmed that the CO concentration was decreasing as the years passed. The emission factor of CO was 0.73 g/kg. The average value of $NO_x$ emitted from industrial wood pellet boilers was 67 ppm and the emission factor of $NO_x$ was 1.63 g/kg. Unlike CO, there was no tendency to decrease according to the installation year. Both CO and $NO_x$ measurements met the limits of the Ministry of Environment. These $NO_x$ emission factors were compared with the $NO_x$ emission factors produced by certified low $NO_x$ burners. The $NO_x$ emission factor of industrial wood pellet boilers was about 1.9 times that of certified low $NO_x$ LNG combustors and about 0.92 times that of coal combustion.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1207-1213
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• 2011

This study was conducted to assess $N_2O$ emissions in agricultural soils of Korea. According to 1996 and 2006 IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) methodology, $N_2O$ emission was calculated the sum of direct emission ($N_2O_{DIRECT}$) and indirect emission ($N_2O_{INDIRECT}$). To calculate $N_2O$ emissions, emission factor was used default of IPCC and activity data was used the food, agricultural, forestry and fisheries statistical yearbook of MIFAFF (Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries). It was emitted 8,608 $N_2O$ Mg resulted from direct emission by application of chemical fertilizer and animal manure, input in n-fixation crops and input of crop residues and emissions converted $N_2O$ into $CO_2$ equivalent was 2,668 $CO_2$-eq Gg. Indirect emission as $N_2O_{(G)}$ (atmospheric deposition of $NH_3$ and $NO_X$) and $N_2O_{(L)}$ (leaching and runoffs) were 4,567 and 6,013 $N_2O$ Mg and emissions converted $N_2O$ into $CO_2$ equivalent were 1,416 and 1,864 $CO_2$-eq Gg, respectively. Total $N_2O$ emission in Korea agricultural soil in 2009 was 5,948 $CO_2$-eq Gg.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.258-264
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• 2023

The greenhouse gas (GHG) emission assessment of kenaf pellet, produced from locally generated kenaf residues in South Korea, has been studied based on the EU RED-II methodology for calculating GHG impact of biomass fuels. Based on the production pathway of kenaf residue pellet and emission coefficients from EU JRC report, the life cycle GHG emission of kenaf residue pellet is assessed as 3.0 gCO₂eq/MJ_pellet and the life cycle GHG emission of electricity generated from kenaf residue pellet is assessed as 11.9 gCO₂eq/MJ when electrical efficiency of final conversion is 25%. The potential GHG emission reduction of electricity produced from kenaf pellet is 90.3% compared to the domestic electricity emission factor 42.8 kgCO₂eq/MWh. Also, the electricity produced from kenaf pellet can reduce at least 59.6% of GHG emission compared to the electricity produced from imported wood pellets.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.383-390
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• 2016

According to the "Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth", publication of annual national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory report is mandatory. This annual GHG inventory report is used as basal data for GHG mitigation strategies. In the livestock sector, GHG emission trends from year 1990 to 2013 were estimated based on the 1996 IPCC guidelines with the Tier 1 methodology. GHG emissions from the livestock sector in 2013 were 9.9 million tons $CO_2-eq$., where emissions from enteric fermentation were 4.4 million tons $CO_2-eq$, increased by 47.4% over 1990 mainly due to the increase in non-dairy cattle population. On the other hand, GHG emissions from livestock manure in 2013 were 5.5 million tons $CO_2-eq$, increased by 75.5% over 1990 mainly due to the increase in non-dairy cattle, swine and poultry populations. Additional research is required to develop country-specific emission factors to estimate GHG emissions precisely from livestock in South Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.20-25
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• 2017

For the HCNG bus using fuel which is the mixture gas of hydrogen and natural gas, the fuel efficiency and $CO_2$ emission characteristics were analyzed based on the WHVC test results and compared with that of the CNG and diesel buses. $CO_2$ emission characteristics were also analyzed by contribution effects such as carbon emission factor and fuel consumption. As a result, the fuel economy of HCNG bus was evaluated to be 11.5% improvement compared to CNG bus, and it was also showed equivalent to diesel bus. In addition, the $CO_2$ emission of HCNG bus was reduced 20.4% and 34.5% compared to CNG bus and diesel bus respectively. It was concluded that the $CO_2$ emission characteristics were influenced by the carbon emission factor depending on fuel composition and the fuel consumption according to the engine performance.

• Clean Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.350-358
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• 2021

The results of this study shows that the combustor temperature ranged from 848.27 to 1,026.80 ℃, averaging about 976.61 ℃, and the NOx concentration increased as the temperature increased. The urea usage ranged from 291.00 to 693.00 kg d^-1, averaging about 542.34 kg d^-1, and the NOx concentration decreased as the urea usage increased. Residence time was about 3.38 to 9.17 s, averaging about 5.22 s, about 2.61 times larger than the 2 s of the design details. This is 1,086 kg h^-1, averaging about 55.71%, compared to the 1,950 kg h^-1 SRF input permission standard. The combustion chamber area is constant, but the residence time is shown to increase with the decrease of exhaust gas. The O₂/CO ratio was 847.05 to 14,877.34, averaging about 3,111.30, and the NOx concentration slightly increased as the O₂/CO ratio increased. As the combustor temperature and O₂/CO ratio increased, the combustion reaction with nitrogen in the air increased and the NOx concentration slightly increased. As the urea usage and residence time increased, the NOx concentration decreased slightly with an increase in reactivity with NOx. The NOx concentration at the stack ranged from 7.88 to 34.02 ppm with an average of 19.92 ppm, and was discharged within the 60 ppm emission limit value. The NOhx emission factor was 1.058 to 1.795 kg ton^-1, averaging about 1.450 kg ton^-1. This value was about 24.87% of the maximum emission factor of 5.830 kg ton^-1 of other solid fuels. Other synthetic resins and industrial wastes were 79.80% and 43.65% compared to 1.817 kg ton^-1 and 3.322 kg ton^-1, respectively. This value was similar to 1.400 kg ton^-1 of RDF in the NIER notice (2005-9), 10.98% compared to the maximum SRF of 13.210 kg ton^-1. Therefore, the NOx emission factor had a large deviation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.389-390
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• 2004

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.3169-3175
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• 2014

In this paper, we have established the procedures for $CO_2$ emission estimation BIM libraries by using the material takeoff function that BIM tools fundamentally provide, and verified its availability by applying to steel structures. The BIM library set-up procedures were made up of $CO_2$ emission coefficients and parameter extraction, project unit setting, parameter setting, and $CO_2$ emission quantity calculation formula set-up. We used Revit Architecture 2013 as BIM tool, and established the steel members' family libraries as BIM libraries. It is possible to calculate the $CO_2$ emission quantity by following the proposed BIM library set-up procedures, and users have only to input the $CO_2$ emission coefficients and unit weights of steel members being used. We expect that the results contribute to practical use of BIM in field, and vitalizations of the eco-friendly construction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 2008